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1.
以内蒙古东部查干淖尔湖西湖深97cm的浅井剖面为对象,根据取得的7个AMS14C测年数据建立其2070cal a BP以来的年代序列,结合孢粉组合特征与粒度组成的综合分析,重建该地区2070cal a BP以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,查干淖尔湖2070cal a BP以来气候环境变化具体可以分为3个阶段:2070~1150cal a BP,孢粉总浓度较高,以蒿属、藜科为主,沉积物各粒级组分变幅较小且以粉砂为主,水动力条件较弱,湖水位较高,气候温凉偏湿;1150~825cal a BP,孢粉总浓度显著降低,耐旱的麻黄属达到最高值,沉积物粗颗粒含量显著增加,水动力条件增强,湖水位降低,气候冷干,其中940~870cal a BP期间气候极端干旱;825cal a BP以来,总体温暖偏湿,有冷干事件发生。太阳活动可能是导致查干淖尔湖过去2000a气候变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
2.
Abstract: Human activity during the Holocene in the Horqin region, northeastern China, has been widely documented. As an important proxy record of human activity, black carbon (BC) in sediments has been linked to climate change and human adaptation. A loess-paleosol section located in south Horqin was chosen for this study. Holocene climate change and human adaptation to the environment were discussed by analyzing BC, organic carbon (OC) and other proxies. The conclusions included: (1) before 3900 cal BP, human activity was closely related to the natural environment and cultural development was dominated by climate change. For example, the rapid decline of the agrarian Hongshan culture was caused by a slight decrease in temperature at ~5000 cal BP; (2) during 3900-3200 cal BP, the heavy dependence of human societies on nature gradually lessened and the ability of those human societies to adapt to the environment was enhanced. However, the farming-dominated Lower Xiajiadian culture was nonetheless replaced by the pastoralist Upper Xiajiadian culture due to an extremely cooling event at ~3200 cal BP; (3) during the late Holocene period, the marked influence of climate change on human activity might have lessened as a result of a clear improvement in human labor skills. After this, human living styles were influenced by cultural developments rather than climate change because humans had mastered more powerful means of productivity. 相似文献
3.
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Elements in a Small Catchment, and Buffer Function of Wetland in Longgan Lake, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Wetland is the conjunction of lake and terrene where human activities are concentrated. From the viewpoints of material transport and cycling in the terrene-lake system, wetland is the buffer where sand and mud, heavy metals, pollutants and nutrients are tarried. In this paper, we provide a case study based on the temporal and spatial distribution of elements in the Wangling River catchment, a small sub-catchment of Longgan Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. We have found that wetland can buffer major heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, etc.significantly, but has a little buffer function to some active elements such as Fe and Mn, which are always transported as solutions. Human activities not only influence the distribution of elements, but also weaken the buffer function of wetland. Intensive human activities in the Longgan Lake area in the past 70 years have been recorded in stream, wetland and lake sediments, especially the human activity events such as deforesting and reclaiming on a large scale in 1958 and the 1980‘s. Human activities caused the increase of sedimentation rates since the 1950‘ s, as well as the increase of elements‘ concentrations. The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides since the 1960‘ s have led to the increase of total P concentrations. Increasing SO2 emission accelerate the process of cation exchange in soil, and enhance the leaching of Mn out of soils. Permanent storing of water causes the soil gleyification that also intensifies the leaching of Mn.These are two major reasons for the obvious increase of manganese concentrations in recent 20 years in Longgan Lake. Intensive human activities since the 1950s‘ have intensified the population in this region and thus destroyed the buffer function of wetland. 相似文献
4.
通过对渤海湾西南部平原DC01孔的岩石地层学、生物地层学及年代地层学和地球化学研究,重建了该地区自晚更新世以来的地质环境演化过程。全新世之前,研究区经历了由河流-盐沼-潮间带上部/低盐沼-河口湾-泻湖-淡化泻湖的环境转化过程;进入全新世之后,该区经历了由湖沼到河流的环境转化过程。埋深22.4~12.7m发育近10m厚的弱海相沉积,AMS~(14)C年龄表明,该层沉积形成时间早于4.35ka cal BP,可能属于MIS 3早期(6.0~5.5ka cal BP)或更早的MIS 5期(12~8ka cal BP)。恢复了该时期的相对古海面,最高可达-13.31m。DC01孔缺失MIS 4~2或MIS 2时期的沉积。 相似文献
5.
Youri Lammers Charlotte L. Clarke Christer Ersus Antony G. Brown Mary E. Edwards Ludovic Gielly Haflidi Haflidason Jan Mangerud Emilia Rota John Inge Svendsen Inger Greve Alsos 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(2):317-329
While there are extensive macro‐ and microfossil records of a range of plants and animals from the Quaternary, earthworms and their close relatives amongst annelids are not preserved as fossils and therefore the knowledge of their past distributions is limited. This lack of fossils means that clitellate worms (Annelida) are currently underused in palaeoecological research, even though they can provide valuable information about terrestrial and aquatic environmental conditions. Their DNA might be preserved in sediments, which offers an alternative method for detection. Here we analyse lacustrine sediments from lakes in the Polar Urals, Arctic Russia, covering the period 24 000–1300 cal. a BP, and NE Norway, covering 10 700–3300 cal. a BP, using a universal mammal 16S rDNA marker. While mammals were recorded using the marker (reindeer was detected twice in the Polar Urals core at 23 000 and 14 000 cal. a BP, and four times in the Norwegian core at 11 000 cal. a BP and between 3600–3300 cal. a BP), worm extracellular DNA ‘bycatch’ was rather high. In this paper we present the first reported worm detection from ancient DNA. Our results demonstrate that both aquatic and terrestrial clitellates can be identified in late‐Quaternary lacustrine sediments, and the ecological information retrievable from this group warrants further research with a more targeted approach. 相似文献
6.
This interdisciplinary study represents an approximation towards understanding how regional human cultural systems may have been affected by climate change in the northernmost Chilean Altiplano (>3600 m) over the last ca. 11 500 cal a BP. We compare the archaeological record from Hakenasa cave with the lake record from Lago Chungará sediment cores, located 50 km to the south. By integrating both of these archives in conjunction with regional palaeoclimate and archaeological data, we provide new evidence for the role of changing environmental and climatic conditions in human settlement patterns. The first human occupation of the entire Altiplano occurs at Hakenasa and is dated to 9980 ± 40 14C a BP (11 265–11 619 cal. a BP), and took place under wetter regional climate conditions. An archaeologically sterile deposit occurs at Hakenasa between 7870 and 6890 cal. a BP. Constituted by sands and gravels, these sediments are interpreted as a flood event. This time period is synchronous with alternating short dry and wet events recorded in the Lake Chungará sedimentary sequence. Human activity resumes and increases in importance at Hakenasa by ca. 6000 cal. a BP. This corresponds to wetter conditions indicated by the Chungará record. Even though the lake record indicates intense volcanic activity over the last 6000 cal. a BP, this had little or no impact on the human population present at Hakenasa. This study shows that even in this extreme environment human settlement patterns do not always respond in a linear fashion to environmental change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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8.
OLE BENNIKE JØRN BO JENSEN PETER B. KONRADI WOLFRAM LEMKE JAN HEINEMEIER 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2000,29(4):272-286
Shallow seismic profiling indicated the presence of a drowned lagoon-barrier system formed during the transgression of the southern Kattegat, and investigations of core material have confirmed this. Studies of plant and animal macrofossils show that the lagoonal sediments contain a mixture of marine, brackish, lacustrine, telmatic and terrestrial taxa, and analyses of foraminifers indicate brackish-water conditions. Low oxygen isotope values obtained on shells of marine molluscs also point to lowered salinity. The lagoonal sediments are situated at depths between 24 and 35 m below present sea level. They are dated to between c. 10.5 cal. ka BP and c. 9.5 cal. ka BP, and reflect a period characterized by a moderate relative sea level rise. The lagoonal sediments are underlain by lateglacial glaciomarine clay and silt, which are separated from the Holocene deposits by an unconformity. The earliest Holocene sediments consist of littoral sand with gravel, stones and shells; these sediments were formed during the transgression of the area before the barrier island-lagoon system was developed. The lagoonal sediments are overlain by mud, which contains animal remains that indicate increasing water depths. 相似文献
9.
Jeffrey S. Munroe 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(6):639-648
The sedimentary records of Nulhegan Pond and Beecher Pond in the Nulhegan Basin of north‐eastern Vermont were analyzed to yield a history of environmental change since the latest Pleistocene. Shoreline landforms indicate that part of the Nulhegan Basin was inundated by Glacial Lake Nulhegan (GLN), which was impounded behind a dam of glacial sediment. Outwash derived from stagnant ice forms the bottom 176 cm of the Nulhegan Pond core. Fine‐grained inorganic sediment deposited between 13.4 and 12.2k cal a BP is interpreted as a deep‐water facies representing GLN, while coarser sediment from 12.2 to 11.8k cal a BP records draining of the glacial lake. Rapid, simultaneous increases in organic matter and biogenic silica signal the onset of productivity following the Younger Dryas. Beecher Pond formed c. 11.3k cal a BP through surface collapse over a buried ice block; buried stagnant ice may have persisted in the vicinity of the pond into the early Holocene. From 8.9 to 5.5k cal a BP, sediment in both lakes became coarser and richer in aquatic organic matter, suggesting a low‐water phase in which previously deposited lacustrine sediments were reworked and the littoral zone shifted basinward. Low water levels at this time are consistent with other records from Maine and southern Quebec, but contrary to records from ～325 km to the south. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Stefan Wastegrd 《Quaternary International》2005,130(1):49
Studies of Late Quaternary sediments in south and central Sweden have yielded a detailed tephrochronology for the Last Glacial–Interglacial transition (LGIT; ca. 15,000–10,000 cal. yr BP) and the Holocene. More than ten tephra layers have been detected and geochemically characterised. The most widespread tephra from the LGIT is the rhyolitic phase of the Vedde Ash (ca. 12,000 cal. yr BP) which has been found in lacustrine sediments and marine clays south of the Younger Dryas moraines in south Sweden. Other horizons from the LGIT identified to date include the Borrobol tephra (ca. 14,400 cal. yr BP), the Hässeldalen tephra (ca. 11,500 cal. yr BP), the 10-ka Askja tephra (ca. 11,300 cal. yr BP) and the Högstorpsmossen tephra (ca. 10,200 cal. yr BP). The most significant Holocene isochrones are Hekla-4 (ca. 4260 cal. yr BP), Hekla-Selsund/Kebister (ca. 3750 cal. yr BP), Hekla-3 (ca. 3000 cal. yr BP) and Askja-1875. Two new Late Holocene tephra horizons (the Stömyren tephra, ca. 2100 cal. yr BP and the Gullbergby tephra; ca. 2700 cal. yr BP) were identified in single sites and are so far less valuable as marker horizons, but are potentially important for the future. 相似文献
11.
西藏纳木错晚更新世以来湖面变化和湖相沉积中粘土矿物显示的环境信息 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
通过对西藏海拔最高、面积最大湖泊-纳木错周缘湖相沉积、湖岸堤的野外调查和湖岸阶地的水准测量,发现在纳木错沿岸拔湖48m以下,发育有6级湖岸阶地,拔湖48~139.2m发育有高位湖相沉积。湖相沉积物的同位素测年结果表明,纳木错湖泊发育与藏北高原东南部古大湖演化可划分为3个阶段:①116~37kaB.P.间的古大湖期;②37~30kaB.P.间的外流湖期;③30kaB.P.以来的纳木错期。根据纳木错晚更新世以来湖相沉积中粘土矿物的X光衍射分析结果,以及采用比值法、高岭石法和衍射峰法的研究,探讨了粘土矿物所显示的环境变化信息。粘土矿物成分变化表明,该区已具备了寒温带干旱、半干旱区的气候环境特征。为研究青藏高原的湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁及其隆升过程等提供了新资料。 相似文献
12.
The Okanagan Centre section is the stratotype for marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 4 sediments (Okanagan Centre Drift) in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. Previous work suggested that these sediments record two glacial and two interglacial cycles. This study reports on detailed sedimentological and geochronological investigations of lithostratigraphic units comprising the Okanagan Centre sequence, revealing successive deposition of subaqueous and subaerial outwash, a subglacial till and glaciolacustrine sediments during MIS 4. A limiting optical age of 113 ± 8 ka defines the base of this sequence. Sedimentological, paleopedological, optical dating and tephrochronological data from sediments near the middle of the sequence reveal soil development (MIS 3) in eolian sediments deposited on a river terrace overlying a deglaciated surface. Within these sediments, identification of Mt. St. Helens set C tephra suggest sedimentation between 50 and 35k 14C a BP. Optical dating corroborates the tephrochronology and suggests that this surface formed after ～52 ± 7 ka. The record of MIS 2 glaciation is restricted to deglaciation, and overlies MIS 3 sediments above an unconformity possibly related to regional subglacial meltwater erosion. Eolian sediments containing Mt Mazama set O tephra (～7.62k cal a BP) cap the sequence. 相似文献
13.
头社盆地位于中国台湾省中部,东亚季风区的最前沿,对东亚季风的响应十分敏感,研究其中晚全新世以来古植被、重建古气候序列,探讨其气候与东亚夏季风的关系具有重要的科学意义。文章对头社盆地泥炭—湖泊沉积的AMS14C测年、体积磁化率测试的基础上,基于孢粉记录,重建晚全新世来植被变化,恢复古气候。结果表明全新世中晚期以来分六个阶段：6.2~6.0 cal ka BP,气候凉干,植被类型是亚热带常绿阔叶林;6.0~4.0 cal ka BP,气候转暖湿,植被类型为含较多热带成分的亚热带常绿阔叶林;4.0~2.2 cal ka BP,气候相对凉干,植被类型转为亚热带常绿阔叶林;2.2~1.9 cal ka BP,气候又变暖湿;1.9~1.7 cal ka BP,气候快速冷干事件,森林退化;1.7~1.3 cal ka BP,气候重转温暖湿润,植被类型为接近现代的沼泽草原。整体上6.2~2.2 cal ka BP的气候变化是由温暖湿润向温凉干燥转变的趋势,这是全新世中晚期以来的太阳辐射量减少所导致的,太阳辐射量的减少导致热带辐合南移,进而导致东亚夏季风减弱,而2.2 cal ka BP之后气候波动较大,可能是在东亚夏季风减弱的背景下,ENSO活动加强与人类活动的干扰下耦合的结果。 相似文献
14.
沉积物的形成受到多种地质因素的综合控制。通过粒度分析可判别沉积物的成因类型,推断其形成的沉积环境,解释环境演变;而沉积物的粒度组分除了受到原岩的控制外,还受到机械沉积作用的影响难以准确预测。运用人工神经网络对稳定湖相沉积物和风沉积物的粒度参数进行研究,将沉积物的4个粒度参数作为网络模型的输入变量,在对168个浙闽沿海迎风岸风成老红砂样品和282个苏贝淖湖滨湖泊沉积物样品所对应的粒度参数进行数据样本训练之后,获得了基于BP神经网络的稳定湖相和风沉积物预测模型。然后利用448个大树摆鱼湖相沉积物粒度参数样本和100个兰州榆中黄土风沉积物粒度参数样本作为测试样本对该模型进行了测试和验证,结果显示模型的可靠性较好,能够对沉积物的形成环境做出正确的判断。 相似文献
15.
Lake Balboa is a deep sinkhole lake in south Georgia. Subbottom acoustic profiling and long sediment cores reveal four stratigraphic units within >20 m of lacustrine fill above acoustically stratified and faulted Miocene/Pliocene overburden and basement Eocene limestone which hosts the Floridan Aquifer system (FAS). Fill consists of thin, rhythmically bedded, peaty sediments (Unit I), indicative of slow sedimentation in a shallow swamp until 13,110–12,680 cal BP, a mix of desiccated and over-consolidated clay and silty sand (Unit II) implying periodic subaerial exposure of the lake bed until 9470–9025 cal BP, and gyttja associated with a rapid 8 m rise in water level by 9120–9020 cal BP (Unit III), as well as an additional rise of 10 m to modern lake levels (Unit IV). Accumulation of nearly 4.5 m of low permeability gyttja, and higher lake levels have fundamentally changed exchange between surface water and groundwater, reducing by 40% or more the rate of vertical leakage to the FAS and increasing shallow aquifer discharge to the lake. 相似文献
16.
HOUYUAN LU ZHENXIA LIU NAIQIN WU SERGE BERNÉ YOSHIKI SAITO BAOZHU LIU LUO WANG 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2002,31(4):378-385
Fossil rice phytoliths have been identified from a lateglacial to Holocene sequence of epicontinental sediments in the East China Sea that were probably transported by the Yangtze River from its middle and/or lower reaches. The rice phytoliths occurred first in the sequence at about 13900 cal. yr BP and disappeared during the period of 13000-10000 cal. yr BP, implying the earliest domesticated cereal crops of the world ever reported. Based on the records of phytoliths, pollen, diatoms and foraminifera from the sequence, the climate between 13000 and 10000 cal. yr BP was notably colder (Younger Dryas). The coincidence of disappearance of domesticated rice phytoliths with cold climate conditions may suggest a great climatic influence on human activities during that time. Warmer and wetter conditions during the period 13900 to 13000 cal. yr BP and after 10000 cal. yr BP have probably favoured rice domestication in the area. 相似文献
17.
西藏林芝地区第四系新知 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对西藏林芝米林盆地的更新世及其以后的沉积进行了调查研究，磁性地层分析表明这些湖积物的历史不到4万年，在米林的古湖泊沉积物中采获Polypodiaceae等晚更新世孢粉，于米林县白过多更新世湖积之上全新统冲积中新发现林芝智人的头盖骨、牙齿及石斧等，为研究青藏高原第四纪地质作用和古环境、古气候变化及古人类活动等提供了新资料。 相似文献
18.
M. N. Grechukhin O. A. Doinikova P. A. Ignatov V. A. Rassulov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2016,58(3):224-238
Information on the speciation of uranium minerals in ore of the recently discovered Ulziit uranium deposit in Mongolia is given for the first time. The ore composition has been studied by analytical scanning electron microscopy and local laser luminescent spectroscopy. The ore formed as a result of epigenetic redox processes. Transition from permeable variegated fan sediments to poorly permeable gray-colored coalbearing lacustrine–boggy sediments is the main ore-controlling factor. High-tech uranium mining with borehole in-situ leaching is feasible. 相似文献
19.
Anne C. de la Vega Leinert David H. Keen Robert L. Jones James M. Wells David E. Smith 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(5):509-528
A detailed multidisciplinary investigation of intertidal freshwater sediments exposed in the north of the Bay of Skaill, Mainland Orkney, Scotland, have revealed a complex sedimentary sequence. This provided evidence for dynamic coastal environmental changes in the area since the mid‐Holocene. Freshwater ponds developed on glacial sediments ca. 6550 ± 80 yr BP (cal. bc 5590–5305). From ca. 6120 ± 70 yr BP (cal. bc 5040–4855), these were infilled by blown sand from the distal edge of a dune ridge located to the west. Thereafter, a series of sand‐blow events alternating with periods of quiescence occurred until ca. 4410 ± 60 yr BP (cal. bc 3325–2900). Between ca. 5240 ± 160 and 4660 ± 80 yr BP (cal. bc 4370–3115), pollen and charcoal records show evidence of anthropogenic activities, associated with the nearby Neolithic settlement of Skara Brae. Agriculture was probably affected by recurrent sand movement and widespread deposition of calcium carbonate in the hinterland of the bay. Machair development between ca. 6100 and 5000 yr BP (cal. bc 5235–3540) corresponds to a mid‐Holocene phase of dune formation recorded elsewhere in northwest Europe. The more recent and progressive formation of the bay has probably been related to increasing external forcing via storminess, long‐term relative sea‐level change and sediment starvation within this exposed environment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Konglan Shao Jianping Zhang Hongbo Zheng Zhaoyan Gu Bing Xu Qing Yang Keyang He Huayu Lu 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2023,52(4):507-516
Extensive fires pose catastrophic threats to both human and natural ecosystems. Understanding the history of fire, particularly Holocene palaeofire activity in densely populated areas, is essential for predicting future fire risks and developing effective fire management policies. The complexity of fire activity is influenced by various factors, including climate and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we analysed microcharcoal from the top 35.36 m of a well-dated sediment core HMD1401 in Ningshao Plain, eastern China. We combined our findings with phytolith and diatom evidence to obtain a comprehensive understanding of variations in Holocene fire activity and its controls. The results showed that there was higher fire activity during the early and late Holocene and less fire activity during the mid-Holocene. More frequent fire occurred from c. 10 000–7000 cal. a BP and was primarily caused by abundant biomass and high seasonal flammability due to increased annual temperature and precipitation and warm but dry winter climate. Fire occurrences between c. 7000–2000 cal. a BP remained at a low level, except for the periods c. 5900–5600 cal. a BP and c. 5300 cal. a BP, which may have been caused by extreme climate events. The impact of fire caused by human activity was significantly enhanced during the last two millennia. 相似文献