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1.
Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor, located in the north of Tibetan plateau, are the margin of Tibetan plateau's tectonic deformation and pushing. Its internal deformations and activities can greatly conserve the extension process and characteristics of the Plateau. The research of Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor consequentially plays a significant role in understanding tectonic deformation mechanism of Tibetan plateau. The northern Yumushan Fault, located in the middle of the northern Qilian Shan thrust belt, is a significant component of Qilian Shan thrust belt which divides Yumushan and intramontane basins in Hexi Corridor. Carrying out the research of Yumushan Fault will help explain the kinematics characteristics of the northern Yumushan active fault and its response to the northeastward growth of the Tibetan plateau.Because of limited technology conditions of the time, different research emphases and some other reasons, previous research results differ dramatically. This paper summarizes the last 20 years researches from the perspectives of fault slip rates, paleao-earthquake characteristics and tectonic deformation. Using aerial-photo morphological analysis, field investigation, optical simulated luminescence(OSL)dating of alluvial surfaces and topographic profiles, we calculate the vertical slip rate and strike-slip rate at the typical site in the northern Yumushan Fault, which is(0.55±0.15)mm/a and(0.95±0.11), respectively. On the controversial problems, namely "the Luotuo(Camel)city scarp" and the 180 A.D. Biaoshi earthquake, we use aerial-photo analysis, particular field investigation and typical profile dating. We concluded that "Luotuo city scarp" is the ruin of ancient diversion works rather than the fault scarp of the 180 A.D. Biaoshi earthquake. Combining the topographic profiles of the mountain range with fault characteristics, we believe Yumu Shan is a part of Qilian Shan. The uplift of Yumu Shan is the result of Qilian Shan and Yumu Shan itself pushing northwards. Topographic profile along the crest of the Yumu Shan illustrates the decrease from its center to the tips, which is similar to the vertical slip rates and the height of fault scarp. These show that Yumu Shan is controlled by fault extension and grows laterally and vertically. At present, fault activities are still concentrated near the north foot of Yumu Shan, and the mountain ranges continue to rise since late Cenozoic.  相似文献   

2.
为深入理解汶川地震破裂的构造运动机制,本文选取典型的观测点,利用多种地质地貌标志测绘分析得到了汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂的近地表三维同震滑移矢量.结果显示,北川—映秀断裂上的白水河—高川破裂段北西盘沿88°方位角水平滑移2.58 m、垂直滑移3.70 m;安县—灌县断裂上的白鹿—汉旺破裂北西盘沿134°方位角水平滑移1.63 m,垂直滑移2.00 m;小鱼洞破裂带南西盘沿76°~79°方位角水平滑移2.15~2.71 m,垂直滑移1.36~1.51 m.平行的白水河—高川破裂段和白鹿—汉旺破裂段合计形成1.72 m右旋走滑和3.49 m垂直断裂带的NW向水平缩短,总滑移方向（106°）与断裂带整体走向（42°）呈64°夹角,整个龙门山推覆构造带处于斜向挤压的构造环境.结合震源过程反演成果的分析显示,斜滑的白水河—高川破裂段和逆冲型白鹿—汉旺破裂段可能是在汶川地震中最大的一次子事件过程以滑移分解的形式而同时破裂形成的,滑移分解作用使两条断裂以斜滑与逆冲组合的力学性质产生破裂而非相同性质的斜滑破裂.小鱼洞破裂以低角度斜滑为主,可能是安县—灌县断裂与北川—映秀断裂以滑移分解形式同时破裂的纽带.小鱼洞断裂是龙门山断裂带长期处于斜向挤压的构造环境的产物,不只是逆冲断裂系中的捩断层.  相似文献   

3.
The weathering characteristics of bedrock fault scarps provide relative age constraints that can be used to determine fault displacements. Here, we report Schmidt hammer rebound values (R‐values) for a limestone fault scarp that was last exposed in the 1959 Mw 7.3 Hebgen Lake, Montana earthquake. Results show that some R‐value indices, related to the difference between minimum and maximum R‐values in repeated impacts at a point, increase upward along the scarp, which we propose is due to progressive exposure of the scarp in earthquakes. An objective method is developed for fitting slip histories to the Schmidt hammer data and produces the best model fit (using the Bayesian Information Criterion) of three earthquakes with single event displacements of ≥ 1.20 m, 3.75 m, and c. 4.80 m. The same fitting method is also applied to new terrestrial LiDAR data of the scarp, though the LiDAR results may be more influenced by macro‐scale structure of the outcrop than by differential weathering. We suggest the use of this fitting procedure to define single event displacements on other bedrock fault scarps using other dating techniques. Our preliminary findings demonstrate that the Schmidt hammer, combined with other methods, may provide useful constraints on single event displacements on exposed bedrock fault scarps. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

4.
This paper reports internal structures of a bedding-parallel fault in Permian limestone at Xiaojiaqiao outcrop that was moved by about 0.5 m during the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The fault is located about 3 km to the south from the middle part of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, a major fault in the Longmenshan fault system that was moved during the earthquake. The outcrop is also located at Anxian transfer zone between the northern and central segments of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault where fault system is complex. Thus the fault is an example of subsidiary faults activated by Wenchuan earthquake. The fault has a strike of 243° or N63°E and a dip of 38°NW and is nearly optimally oriented for thrust motion, in contrast to high-angle coseismic faults at most places. Surface outcrop and two shallow drilling studies reveal that the fault zone is several centimeters wide at most and that the coseismic slip zone during Wenchuan earthquake is about 1 mm thick. Fault zone contains foliated cataclasite, fault breccia, black gouge and yellowish gouge. Many clasts of foliated cataclasite and black gouge contained in fault breccia indicate multiple slip events along this fault. But fossils on both sides of fault do not indicate clear age difference and overall displacement along this fault should not be large. We also report results from high-velocity friction experiments conducted on yellowish gouge from the fault zone using a rotary shear low to high-velocity frictional testing apparatus. Dry experiments at normal stresses of 0.4 to 1.8 MPa and at slip rates of 0.08 to 1.35 m/s reveal dramatic slip weakening from the peak friction coefficient of around 0.6 to very low steady-state friction coefficient of 0.1-0.2. Slip weakening parameters of this carbonate fault zone are similar to those of clayey fault gouge from Yingxiu-Beichuan fault at Hongkou outcrop and from Pingxi fault zone. Our experimental result will provide a condition for triggering movement of subsidiary faults or off-fault damage during a large earthquake.  相似文献   

5.
Kohtaro  Ujiie 《Island Arc》2005,14(1):2-11
Abstract   The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan ( M w = 7.6) produced a surface rupture along the north–south-striking Chelungpu thrust fault with pure dip-slip (east side up) and left lateral strike-slip displacements. Near-field strong-motion data for the northern part of the fault illustrate a distinct lack of the high-frequency seismic radiation associated with a large slip (10–15 m) and a rapid slip velocity (2–4 m/s), suggesting a smooth seismic slip associated with low dynamic frictional resistance on the fault. A drillhole was constructed at shallow depths in the possible fault zones of the northern part of the Chelungpu Fault, which may have slipped during the 1999 earthquake. One of the zones consists of a 20-cm-thick, unconsolidated fault breccia with a chaotic texture lacking both discrete slip surfaces (e.g. Riedel shears) and grain crushing. Other possible fault zones are marked by the narrow (less than a few centimeters) gouge zone in which clayey material intrudes into the damaged zone outside of the gouge zone. These characteristic fault rock textures suggest that the slip mechanisms at shallow levels during the earthquake involved either granular flow of initially unconsolidated material or slip localization under elevated pore pressure along the narrow clayey gouge zone. Because both mechanisms lead to low dynamic frictional resistance on the fault, the rapid seismic slip in the deep portions of the fault (i.e. the source region of strong-motion radiation) could have been accommodated by frictionless slip on the shallow portions of the fault. The combination of strong-motion data and fault rock analysis suggests that smooth slip associated with low dynamic friction occurred on both the deep and shallow portions of the fault, resulting in a large slip between the source region and the surface in the northern region.  相似文献   

6.
The bedrock scarps are believed to have recorded the continuous information on displacement accumulation and sequence of large earthquakes. The occurrence timing of large earthquakes is believed to be correlated positively with the exposure duration of bedrock fault surfaces. Accordingly, cosmogenic nuclides concentration determined for the bedrock footwall can offer their times, ages, and slip over long time. In general, multiple sites of fault scarps along one or even more faults are selected to carry out cosmogenic nuclide dating in an attempt to derive the temporal and spatial pattern of fault activity. This may contribute to explore whether earthquake occurrence exhibits any regularity and predict the timing and magnitude of strong earthquakes in the near future. Cosmogenic nuclide 36 Cl dating is widely applied to fault scarp of limestone, and the height of fault scarp can reach as high as 15~20m. It is strongly suggested to make sure the bedrock scarp is exhumed by large earthquake events instead of geomorphic processes, based on field observation, and data acquired by terrestrial LiDAR and ground penetration radar (GPR). In addition, it is better for the fault surface to be straight and fresh with striations indicating recent fault movement. A series of bedrock samples are collected from the footwall in parallel to the direction of fault movement both above and below the colluvium, and each of them is~15cm long,~10cm wide, and~3cm thick. The concentrations of both cosmogenic nuclide 36 Cl and REE-Y determined from these samples vary with the heights in parallel to fault scarps. Accordingly, we identify the times of past large earthquakes, model the profile of 36 Cl concentration to seek the most realistic one, and determine the ages and slip of each earthquake event with the errors. In general, the errors for the numbers, ages, and slips of past earthquake events are ±1-2, no more than ±0.5-1.0ka, and ±0.25m, respectively.  相似文献   

7.
Coseismic displacement plays a role in earthquake surface rupture, which not only reflects the magnitude scale but also has effect on estimates of fault slip rate and earthquake recurrence intervals. A great historical earthquake occurred in Huaxian County on the 23rd January 1556, however, there was lack of surface rupture records and precise coseismic vertical displacements. It's known that the 1556 Huaxian earthquake was caused by Huashan front fault and Weinan plateau front fault, which are large normal faults in the east part of the southern boundary faults in Weihe Basin controlling the development of the basin in Quaternary. Here, we made a study on three drilling sites in order to unveil the coseismic vertical displacements. It is for the first time to get the accurate coseismic vertical displacements, which is 6m at Lijiapo site of Huashan front fault, 7m at Caiguocun site, and 6m at Guadicun site of Weinan plateau front fault. These coseismic displacements measured based on same layers of drilling profiles both at footwall and hanging wall are different from the results measured by former geomorphological fault scarps. It's estimated that some scarps are related with the nature reformation and the human beings' activities, for example, fluviation or terracing field, instead of earthquake acticity, which leads to some misjudgment on earthquake displacements. Moreover, the vertical displacements from the measurement of geomorphological scarps alone do not always agree with the virtual ones. Hence, we assume that the inconsistency between the results from drilling profiles and geomorphological scarps in this case demonstrates that the fault scarp surface may have been demolished and rebuilt by erosion or human activities.  相似文献   

8.
断层走滑包括粘滑和蠕滑,前者是伴有强震发生的快速运动,后者则是一种缓慢的无震稳滑运动。这２ 种运动常随时间交替出现,共同构成了断层的基本运动方式。在利用断层滑动速率讨论大震重复率的问题中,人们最关心的问题则是如何从总滑动量中分辨和划分出其中所包含的粘滑和蠕滑量,特别是对蠕滑量的划分,因为它直接影响着大震重复率的正确性。笔者在野外考察的基础上,对昌马活动断裂的位移量进行了分级,确定出昌马断裂带全新世以来的水平滑动量大致可划分为５个级别：３１～４１ ｍ ;２５～３１ ｍ ; １５～２２ ｍ ; ８～１３ ｍ ;１～５．５ ｍ ,同时依据古地震学方法并结合１４Ｃ断代法及断层崖形成年代的数学模拟计算,求得全新世以来在昌马断裂带上共发生５ 次古地震事件。在上述２ 项资料确定的基础上,进一步对昌马断裂带的粘滑及蠕滑量进行了划分,并给出了它们随时间的变化情况  相似文献   

9.
According to a new investigation in the northern Hexi corridor,the remains of two surface rupture zones were discovered on the southern margin fault of the Helishan. One rupture has a length of approximately 7km and the other 10km. The two surface rupture zones might have been produced by the latest earthquake event. On the surface rupture is continuous scarp and free face caused by the rupture. The scarp is about 1 ～ 1. 5m high and on some sites,nearly up to 2m. According to the OSL results,the latest T1 terrace and higher flood plain forming in 3000a B. P. are dislocated by the fault. The above reveals the rupture age to be later than the T1 terrace. However,in the historical data and earthquake catalogue,we didn't find related information about the fault and surface rupture in this area. The 180 A. D. Biaoshi M8. 0 earthquake and the 756 A. D. Zhangye-Jiuquan M7. 0 earthquake are documented in historical data. It is inferred by textual research that the two earthquakes are related to the northern marginal fault of Yumushan in the south of the basin. Due to a lack of reliable evidence,there are still many arguments on this inferred conclusion. Thus we hold that the two surface rupture zones were produced by one of the two large earthquakes or other unrecorded historical event. The research on the activity and surface rupture of this fault can offer valuable information for the tectonic study and strong earthquake risk estimates of this region in the future.  相似文献   

10.
祁连山北缘玉门-北大河断裂晚第四纪活动特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查并结合前人研究成果,对位于祁连山北缘的玉门—北大河断裂晚第四纪构造活动特征进行研究。结果表明,玉门—北大河断裂为一条全新世活动的逆冲断裂,该断裂西起玉门青草湾,向东经老玉门市、大红泉止于骨头泉,全长约80km,整体走向NWW。根据断裂的几何结构及活动习性可将其分为三段:东段构造形态简单连续,为逆冲断层陡坎为主的古地震地表破裂带;中段结构复杂,由多条次级断层组成,以逆冲扩展为主;西段未出露地表而成为盲断裂-褶皱带。通过对断层陡坎差分GPS测量及相应地貌面年代测试,得到断裂晚更新世以来逆冲速率约为(0.73±0.09)mm/a。  相似文献   

11.
The distribution of concentration of cosmogenic nuclides in fault scarps is used to determine slip histories. The complicated part is the calculation of cosmic radiation shielding by the escarpment body and the overlying wedge of the colluvial sediment. To improve reconstruction of earthquake ages and slip histories, we developed a mathematical model and corresponding MATLAB® code for computation of shielding factor profiles in fault scarp geometry. In the model, cosmic radiation received by a point of footwall is represented as unit rays attenuated exponentially in scarp geometry. This approach allows producing very precise results both for the fault scarp and the sloped surface. The code is presented as a m-function and as a stand-alone program with a user-friendly interface. Shielding factors are calculated by the code for fast neutrons or for muons and include all general shieldings: topographical, sloped surface, fault scarp surface, colluvium cover, snow cover and self-shielding. A variety of input parameters enables one to adjust the model and the code to almost all possible shielding cases. The code and stand-alone version are provided as supplementary materials and equipped with help and explanatory notes.  相似文献   

12.
甘肃高台合黎山南缘发现地震地表破裂带   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
据最新野外考察发现,位于河西走廊中段北部的合黎山南缘断裂东段有2条较新的地震地表破裂带遗迹,破裂带长度分别为7km和10km,保存较为完整,认为其为较近的一次地震活动所致。根据该地区历史地震资料和目前该地区的研究程度,该地震地表破裂带可能与2次历史地震(公元180年表氏8级地震、公元756年张掖-酒泉7级地震)中的其中之一或与一次漏记的历史强地震有关  相似文献   

13.
Changes in surface roughness on carbonate fault scarps often reflect varying durations of subaerial weathering. On the Pleasant Valley fault in central Nevada, the documentation of a surface rupture in 1915, a long recurrence interval of faulting, slow weathering rate, and a relatively high (2–3 m) single-event displacement make the discrimination of the historical and penultimate slip patches unambiguous. Following from a 2018 study, we used a Schmidt hammer and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to further test whether these weathering patterns delineate exposed slip patches on a fault scarp. Results show that Schmidt hammer rebound value ranges (termed ΔR – the difference between minimum and maximum R-values in repeat impacts at a point), increase by ~8–10 points across the historical–penultimate event transition zone in two separate scarp transects. TLS-derived surface roughness also indicates a clear difference between the most recent and penultimate events. The average single-event displacement (SED) estimated using the Schmidt hammer and TLS is 2.85 m at two transect sites and is roughly equivalent to the visually estimated 3 m. While this fault is an ideal case where we know some of the slip history, the results demonstrate that these techniques show promise for discriminating slip patches on larger carbonate fault scarps with longer paleoearthquake histories, and could be used alongside 36Cl cosmogenic exposure-age dating to improve paleoseismic records on normal faults. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
The Wadi Araba Valley is a morphotectonic depression along part of theDead Sea Transform (DST) plate boundary that separates the Arabian plateon the east from the Sinai subplate on the west. The Wadi Araba fault(WAF) is the main strike-slip faults one of between the Gulf of Aqaba and the E-Wtrending Khunayzira (Amatzayahu) fault that bounds the southern end ofthe Dead Sea. Just south of the Dead Sea, the WAF cuts across severalgenerations of alluvial fans that formed on tributaries to the Wadi Dahalafter the regression of Late Pleistocene Lake Lisan ca. 15 ka. Geomorphicand stratigraphic evidence of active faulting, including left-laterally offsetstream channels and alluvial-fan surfaces, yielded fault slip-rate data for thenorthern segment of WAF. Typical cumulative displacements of 54 m,39 m, and 22.5 m of stream channels and alluvial-fan surfaces acrossthe fault were measured from detailed geologic and topographic mapping.The 54 m offset of the oldest alluvial-fan surface (Q f1 ) occurredafter the final lowering of Lake Lisan (16–15 ka) and before 11 ka yieldinga slip-rate range of 3.4 mm/yr to 4.9 mm/yr. Based on radiocarbonages of charcoal and landsnail shell samples from the buried Q f2 alluvial-fan deposits exposed in trenches excavated across the fault, the39 m and 22.5 m offsets occurred after 9 ka and 5.8 ka, respectively. These data yield a slip-rate range between 3.9 mm/yr and 6.0 mm/yr.The small variability in these slip-rate estimates for different time periodssuggests that the northern Wadi Araba fault has maintained a relativelyconstant slip rate in the past 15 ka. We calculate an average slip rate of 4.7± 1.3 mm/yr since 15 ka based on the three separate displacementsand age estimates. Five separate offsets of 3 m were measured from gullybends and the offset of small fault-scarp alluvial fans. These displacementdata suggest a coseismic slip of 3 m in the last earthquake, or acumulative slip of 3 m in the past few earthquakes. A maximum slip of3 m correspond to a Mw 7 earthquake that ruptures about 49 km offault length. Using an average slip rate of 4.7 ± 1.3 mm/yr togetherwith a 3-m slip-per-event suggests a maximum earthquake recurrence intervalof this fault segment of 500 to 885 years.  相似文献   

15.
卡兹克阿尔特断裂带活动特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
尹金辉  陈杰  郑勇刚  李锰  胡军 《中国地震》2001,17(2):221-230
卡兹克阿尔特断裂带是帕米尔和天山新生代造山带间一个重要的活动构造边界,通过对其活动构造特征的详细地质调查和大比例尺填图,可将卡兹克阿尔特断裂带进一步划分为吉勒格由特断裂带、乌恰地震断裂带和木什断裂带3段.吉勒格由特断裂带的地表破裂为一系列的断层陡坎和偏转的冲积扇,经过别尔托阔依河出山口处时,切割了T1至T3堆积阶地.断裂带在T1、T2和T3阶地的断层陡坎高度分别为0.67m、3.90m和36.50m.对采自T2阶地顶部和底部的粉砂样品进行光释光测年,测定的初步结果分别为8900aBP和10500aBP,因此对T3、T2阶地以来的滑动速率估计分别约为3.5mm/a、0.8mm/a.断裂的前缘开挖的探槽揭示出全新世以来有4次古地震活动.乌恰地震带主要切割克兹勒苏河的T3阶地后缘,沿断裂带分布有大小不等的断塞塘和断层陡坎.1985年8月23日在乌恰地震带上发生Ms7.4地震,地震最大位错为1.5m.根据断层陡坎计算出断裂的滑动速率约为0.54mm/a.卡帕河的东岸探槽同样揭示出有4次古地震活动.在乌恰地震带的东端,木什断裂带地表长度约6km,由数十条左阶排列的反向断层陡坎(坡向北)组成,沿这些断坎多处可见冲沟被断错,横跨断层陡坎的探槽揭示出3次古地震活动.  相似文献   

16.
We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations to investigate the coseismic deformation and slip distribution of the 1997 Mw7.5 Manyi earthquake, a left-lateral strike-slip earthquake occurred on the west portion of the Kunlun fault in the northern Tibet, China. The fault trace is constrained by the combination of interferometric coherence image and azimuth offset image. The total length of the identified fault is about 170 km. We estimate the source parameters using a seven-segment fault model in a homogeneous elastic half-space. We first use a uniform slip model to estimate the slip, width, dip and rake for each segment, resulting in a maximum slip of 5.5 m with a depth of 11 km on the fourth segment. The average dip of the uniform slip model is about 93° northward and the average rake is about −2°. We then use a distributed slip model to estimate the pure strike-slip and oblique slip distribution, respectively. In the distributed slip model, the fault plane is discretized into 225 patches, each of them 4 km × 4 km. We fix the optimal geometric parameters and solve for the slip distribution using a bounded variable least-squares (BVLS) method. We find a geodetic moment of 1.91 × 1020 Nm (Mw7.5), of which almost 68% released in the uppermost 8 km and 82% in the uppermost 12 km. For all the models used in this study, the synthetic profiles along strike show asymmetric displacements on the opposite sides of the fault, which are in agreement with the observations. This suggests that a linear elastic model with variable and non-vertical dips is also reasonable for the mechanism of the Manyi earthquake.  相似文献   

17.
The MW7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on 22 May 2021 at 02:04 CST with a large-expansion surface rupture. This earthquake was located in the Bayan Har block at the eastern Tibetan Plateau, where eight earthquakes of MS >7.0 have occurred in the past 25 years. Here, we combined interferometric synthetic aperture radar, GPS, and teleseismic data to study the coseismic slip distribution, fault geometry, and dynamic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake. We found that the overall coseismic deformation field of the Maduo earthquake is distributed in the NWW-SEE direction along 285°. There was slight bending at the western end and two branches at the eastern end. The maximum slip is located near the eastern bending area on the northern branch of the fault system. The rupture nucleated on the Jiangcuo fault and propagated approximately 160 km along-strike in both the NWW and SEE directions. The characteristic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake is similar to that of the 2010 MW6.8 Yushu earthquake, indicating that similar earthquakes with large-expansion surface ruptures and small shallow slip deficits can occur on both the internal fault and boundary fault of the Bayan Har block.  相似文献   

18.
本文研究了断层崖的形成条件及演化过程,提出了必须对断层崖同时进行几何学和沉积学的研究,并根据我们对贺兰山山前断裂带的断层崖的研究结果,初步总结了断层崖崩积楔的若干特征及其在大地震重复性研究中的意义。根据对宁夏红果子沟和苏峪口断层崖几何学和沉积学的研究结果,确定了贺兰山山前断裂自全新世以来曾发生过4次快速错动事件.从老至新分别命名为 A、B、C、D 事件。由于第二期崩积楔下部物质的 C~(14)年龄为距今5745±90年,所以,B 事件大约发生在距今约6000年左右。第四次事件(D)发生在距今400年以内,以致使明代长城发生错动,西错断点的垂直断距为0.35米,东错断点为0.95米。由此估计4次断层错动事件的重复间隔约为2000—2500年。根据三期古崩积楔高度估计三次古错动的垂直位移幅度分别为:红果子沟西部断层崖为0.25—0.5米,东部断层崖为0.9—1.2米,苏峪口为0.8—1.6米,它们均与串件 D 相当。若假定事件 D 与1739年平罗地震相关,则上述4次断层错动的重复间隔即为7—7~(1/2)级以上地震的重复间隔。此数据与根据相同地段断层滑动速率计算的大地震平均重复间隔相当。宁夏北部贺兰山东麓断层为右旋走滑正断层,全新世以来垂直滑动速率北段为0.2—0.25毫米/年,中段为0.5—0.63毫米/年。而宁夏南部南、西华山断裂第四纪以来为左旋走滑断裂,20000年以来的走滑速率最大可达28.65毫米/年。这是因为二者分属于华北和青藏两个不同的构造区,因而具有不同的构造活动性及地震重复率。  相似文献   

19.
李光涛  苏刚  程理  李峰  吴昊 《地震地质》2019,41(3):545-560
中甸-大具断裂南东段位于哈巴和玉龙雪山北麓,属于川西北次级块体西南边界,断裂总体走向310°~320°,是一条重要的边界断裂。了解该断裂的活动性质、活动时代和滑动速率等对分析川西北次级块体运动,研究该断裂与玉龙雪山东麓断裂的交切关系等问题具有重要意义。文中基于1︰5万活动断层地质填图,对断裂沿线地层地貌、陡坎地貌、地表破裂、典型断层剖面以及河流阶地等进行了详细的研究。研究表明:1)中甸-大具断裂南东段按几何结构、断错地貌表现、断裂活动性可分为马家村—大具次级段和大具—大东次级段。2)通过野外地质调查发现,马家村—大具次级段断错了全新世冲洪积扇,形成了地表破裂,为全新世活动段;而大具—大东次级段虽然也断错了晚更新—全新世地层,但其断错规模及滑动速率均较小,由此认为其全新世以来活动较弱。3)通过分析断裂沿线断层陡坎、水平位错及地表破裂等地质地貌问题,认为马家村—大具次级段的活动性质为右旋走滑兼正断,其晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率为0.4~0.8mm/a,水平滑动速率为1.5~2.4mm/a;大具—大东次级段以右旋走滑为主、正断为辅,其晚更新世晚期以来的垂直滑动速率为0.1mm/a。4)在大具盆地内发现的NW向地表破裂带的形成时代很年轻,不排除是1966年中甸6.4级地震或1996年丽江7.0级地震造成的地表破裂。  相似文献   

20.
东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂地震地表破裂特征及其构造意义   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
东昆仑断裂带作为青藏高原中东部的巴颜喀拉地块北缘边界断裂带, 研究其强震破裂行为对于认识断裂带活动性及分析川西北地区未来地震危险性具有重要意义。 通过沿断裂发育的大量断错地貌勘查、 典型微地貌DGPS测量及样品年代测定, 认为东昆仑断裂带向东的强震活动性延伸至若尔盖盆地北侧, 即东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂的罗叉段。 此段在卫星影像上呈清晰的灰黑色、 灰黄色线性条带, 地震形变带主要表现为断层陡坎、 坡中谷、 冲沟和阶地位错、 植物异常呈线性分布、 跌水、 断层泉、 断塞塘以及伴随地表错动而出现的滑坡、 垮塌和倒石堆。 这些破裂现象沿先存断层断续分布, 组成长约50 km的“L”形地震形变带。 断裂活动造成冲沟和阶地左行运动, 位错量主要集中在5.5～6.0 m、 18～23 m、 68～75 m和200～220 m范围。 最近地震发生在(340±30)～(500±30)BP间, 宏观震中位于本多村西北5～7 km, 震级为MW7.3左右, 同震位移最大值为6 m, 水平位错量为5.5～6.0 m, 垂直位错量一般为0.2～0.5 m, 其比例为51～101。 对地震形变带中的各种变形遗迹和地震地表破裂特征的研究表明, 塔藏断裂是这次地震的发震构造。 确定了塔藏断裂为全新世活动断层, 近期断层在压剪切作用控制下以左行运动为主, 兼有少量逆冲分量, 同东昆仑断裂带其他段的活动性质相似, 认为东昆仑断裂带延伸至若尔盖盆地北侧, 研究结果支持“大陆逃逸”模型。  相似文献   

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