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Oilfield development involves several key decisions, including the number, type (injection/production), location, drilling schedule, and operating control trajectories of the wells. Without considering the coupling between these decision variables, any optimization problem formulation is bound to find suboptimal solutions. This paper presents a unified formulation for oilfield development optimization that seeks to simultaneously optimize these decision variables. We show that the source/sink term of the governing multiphase flow equations includes all the above decision variables. This insight leads to a novel and unified formulation of the field development optimization problem that considers the source/sink term in reservoir simulation equations as optimization decision variables. Therefore, a single optimization problem is formulated to simultaneously search for optimal decision variables by determining the complete dynamic form of the source/sink terms. The optimization objective function is the project net present value (NPV), which involves discounted revenue from oil production, operating costs (e.g. water injection and recycling), and capital costs (e.g., cost of drilling wells). A major difficulty after formulating the generalized field development optimization problem is finding an efficient solution approach. Since the total number of cells in a reservoir model far exceeds the number of cells that are intersected by wells, the source/sink terms tend to be sparse. In fact, the drilling cost in the NPV objective function serves as a sparsity-promoting penalty to minimize the number of wells while maximizing the NPV. Inspired by this insight, we solve the optimization problem using an efficient gradient-based method based on recent algorithmic developments in sparse reconstruction literature. The gradients of the NPV function with respect to the source/sink terms is readily computed using well-established adjoint methods. Numerical experiments are presented to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the generalized field development formulation for simultaneous optimization of the number, location, type, controls, and drilling schedule of the wells. 相似文献
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针对琼东南盆地深水钻井过程中存在的地层孔隙压力预测精度低、井身结构设计要求高、低温异常压力和较窄的钻井液密度安全窗口等难题,通过对区域地层压力预测方法、井身结构优化设计、钻井液技术优化、表层套管固井技术优化、环空圈闭压力控制技术等关键技术的研究和实践,形成了一套适用于该地区的深水钻井关键技术体系,已在该盆地近几年深水井的钻井作业中成功应用,实现了钻井作业时效高、事故率低、费用控制合理的目标。对该盆地后续的深水井钻井作业及类似地区深水井的钻井作业具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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涪陵页岩气田是我国第一个投入商业化开发的国家级页岩气示范区,与北美相比,涪陵地区地表条件、地质条件和页岩气储层特征更加复杂、储层埋藏更深,开发初期钻井机械钻速低、钻井周期长、成本高。为此开展了涪陵页岩气田水平井组优快钻井技术研究,形成了集水平井组钻井工程优化设计、水平井优快钻井技术、国产低成本油基钻井液、满足大型压裂要求的长水平段水平井固井技术、山地特点“井工厂”钻井技术以及绿色环保钻井技术为核心的页岩气水平井组优快钻井技术体系。在涪陵页岩气田推广应用了290口井,完井256口,平均单井机械钻速提高了182%,平均单井钻井周期缩短了55%,平均单井钻井成本降低了34%。为涪陵页岩气田年50亿m3一期产能建设的顺利完成提供了强有力的技术支撑,对我国页岩气规模开发提供了重要的借鉴和引领作用。 相似文献
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H050井是土耳其Beypazari天然碱矿四期工程施工的一口水平井,按照原有施工设计,H050井需要与另外一口垂直井V050对接连通,形成一个溶采单元。由于此井组处于矿区边缘,为了保证溶采通道落在主矿层里,对施工设计进行修改,在H050井和V050井之间增设3个靶井。然而中间3个靶井的设计井位处于悬崖边和老井边,因此将设计井位挪至便于施工的位置,施工时采用定向钻进,使靶井的井底靶区回到指定区域,最终,H050成功连通4个靶井,并实现长距离水平钻进。本文结合施工实践,总结了几点多靶井连通施工的技术关键,为类似钻井施工提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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苏77区块处于生态环境脆弱的半沙漠半草原地区,采用丛式井开发方式,不仅可以加快产能建设,而且可以降低钻井成本,保护环境,便于气田维护管理。针对苏77区块钻井存在的技术难点,根据地层自然增降斜及方位漂移规律,从平台部署、井身轨迹剖面、钻具组合、PDC钻头选型及钻井液体系及性能维护等方面进行优化,形成了一套适应苏77区块的丛式井优快钻井配套技术,有效地提高了机械钻速,缩短了钻井周期及平台建井周期,加快了产能建设。其中,苏77-6-5井完钻井深3167 m,钻井周期仅为9.98天,创造了整个苏里格气田定向井最短钻井周期记录。 相似文献
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There is no gainsaying that determining the optimal number, type, and location of hydrocarbon reservoir wells is a very important aspect of field development planning. The reason behind this fact is not farfetched—the objective of any field development exercise is to maximize the total hydrocarbon recovery, which for all intents and purposes, can be measured by an economic criterion such as the net present value of the reservoir during its estimated operational life-cycle. Since the cost of drilling and completion of wells can be significantly high (millions of dollars), there is need for some form of operational and economic justification of potential well configuration, so that the ultimate purpose of maximizing production and asset value is not defeated in the long run. The problem, however, is that well optimization problems are by no means trivial. Inherent drawbacks include the associated computational cost of evaluating the objective function, the high dimensionality of the search space, and the effects of a continuous range of geological uncertainty. In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are applied to well placement problems. The results emanating from both algorithms are compared with results obtained by applying a third algorithm called hybrid particle swarm differential evolution (HPSDE)—a product of the hybridization of DE and PSO algorithms. Three cases involving the placement of vertical wells in 2-D and 3-D reservoir models are considered. In two of the three cases, a max-mean objective robust optimization was performed to address geological uncertainty arising from the mismatch between real physical reservoir and the reservoir model. We demonstrate that the performance of DE and PSO algorithms is dependent on the total number of function evaluations performed; importantly, we show that in all cases, HPSDE algorithm outperforms both DE and PSO algorithms. Based on the evidence of these findings, we hold the view that hybridized metaheuristic optimization algorithms (such as HPSDE) are applicable in this problem domain and could be potentially useful in other reservoir engineering problems. 相似文献
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煤炭采出后,采空区中仍蕴藏着丰富的煤层气资源,其资源评价与开发利用具有环保和资源双重意义。近几年来,在山西晋城、西山和阳泉等矿区开展了地面钻井抽采采空区煤层气的积极探索,但在采空区煤层气地面开发过程中,往往因煤矿采空区积水、上覆岩层承压涌水等原因,导致地面钻井不产气或抽采气量低。以山西晋城岳城矿为例,研究不同采煤工艺下的采空区煤层气赋存特征、采空区积水和采空区裂隙带岩层渗透率对采空区煤层气地面开发的影响,提出采空区井布置原则和抽采技术,为解决三开空气钻进过程中岩粉进入裂隙带堵塞采空区煤层气运移通道问题,探索用水力冲孔方法提高采空区裂隙带岩层渗透率方面的应用。研究表明,煤矿采空区井布井原则:(1) 采空区井应布置在采空区积水区域之外;(2) 针对房柱式采煤形成的采空区空间形态,采空区井应避开保护煤柱最终完钻至采空区空间内;针对长臂式垮落法采煤形成的采空区空间形态,采空区井最优钻井区域为“O”形圈边界连线和采场边界之间靠近终采线一侧。研发了一种煤矿采空区井排水采气一体化抽采系统,该抽采系统实现了采空区井底积水抽排和煤层气抽采同步进行,解决了采空区上覆岩层承压涌水造成煤层气产量下降问题,抽采系统优化前后采空区井煤层气抽采量增加33.3%。探索性地将水力冲孔运用于解决钻井岩屑造成的采空区裂隙带岩层渗透率下降问题,工程试验结果表明,水力冲孔改造前后采空区井日均抽采量最高增长率为11.30%,提出了采用泡沫欠平衡钻井技术解决钻井岩粉侵入采空区裂隙带的建议。 相似文献
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简述大田县城西水厂供水井水源地寻找．及施工工艺和钻进方法,首先采用小口径探孔、再抽水试验、水质分析等,当各项指标均符合要求后,再进行大口径的供水井施工,达到预期水量、水质要求。该大水量供水井的找水及钻探方法,可降低风险,节约成本,提高效益。 相似文献
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渤海油田低效井侧钻是稳产增产的重要手段之一。优化侧钻方案实现降本增效是精细化侧钻的研究重点。本文系统介绍了侧钻井设计方法,基于对低效井与侧钻井位进行合理匹配,优选侧钻井段,确定深部侧钻和浅部侧钻方案,针对浅部侧钻方案提出了隔水导管重入方案、隔水导管鞋下裸眼侧钻方案、表层套管段开窗侧钻方案、表层套管鞋下裸眼侧钻方案的适用条件与难点,针对深部侧钻方案提出了生产套管开窗侧钻方案、生产套管鞋下裸眼侧钻方案的优选流程。并以渤海某油田2口低效井A井与B井为例,进行了槽口优选、侧钻井段优选、侧钻点优选,最终通过互换2口井的侧钻井位,节约进尺1428 m。现场实施结果表明本次2口低效井侧钻方案合理,能够实现降本增效的目的。本文提出的低效井侧钻优选方法对渤海油田低效井侧钻设计具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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针对目前松软煤层水平段成孔困难、煤层钻遇率较低以及造斜段钻进过程中需要施工导眼井等问题,采用地质导向与几何导向相结合模式,对井身结构优化、钻进参数优选、防塌钻进、多标志层地质导向钻进、水平段井眼轨迹精细化控制等进行研究。在沁水盆地成庄煤矿进行现场应用,钻完井施工顺利,3口水平井都实现无导眼直接一次着陆入靶,水平煤层段累计进尺1 604.72 m,煤层钻遇率达到100%,最终水平段下入PE筛管总长度1 366 m。完善了煤层气水平井钻完井工艺,为煤层气低成本高效开发钻井施工提供技术借鉴。移动阅读 相似文献
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为应对伊拉克M油田深井水平井高压盐膏层盐水侵、下部灰岩地层漏、喷、塌和卡等多种风险,同时尽可能降低钻井成本,提高作业时效,开展了深井水平井研究和实践。根据区块作业经验将深井水平井设计为六开井身结构;针对高压盐膏层地层,采用高密度饱和复合盐钻井液技术;在深部灰岩地层实施了一系列定向井和尾管固井技术。上述技术在64H井成功应用,解决了该区块钻井过程中的技术难题,提高了钻井安全性和时效(打破了M油田深井水平井钻井记录)。 相似文献
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伊朗Y油田水平井面临着地质岩性多变、地质靶区不确定、裸眼井段长、井眼摩阻大、长水平段井眼轨迹控制困难等一系列钻井技术难点。结合Y油田一期水平井钻井实践,详细总结、形成了包括井身结构优化、螺杆钻具类型及其稳定器外径优选、钻头选型、侧钻钻具组合优选、水平井段优快钻井、KCl聚磺钻井液在内的6项水平井钻井技术。该技术在YS9井得到成功应用,定向段和水平段施工比设计提前12.4 d。Y油田水平井优快钻井技术的应用,能够提高钻井成功率,缩短水平井的建井周期,降低钻井成本,对Y油田后续的水平井施工起到一定的指导和借鉴作用。 相似文献
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松南火山岩地层研磨性强、可钻性差,该区钻井施工机械钻速低、钻井周期长,且随着勘探开发的不断推进,火山岩裂缝性储层孔隙压力逐步降低,目前,开发井型主要以水平井为主,井漏问题突显,严重制约钻井提速。本文针对这一问题,从地质特点及钻井技术难点出发,结合近年来松南火山岩钻井技术的进展,对现有技术进行评价及优化,并通过现场应用结果,提出适合该地区后续钻井提速的措施及建议。 相似文献