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1.
A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted at the end of August 2009 in the suburb region of Ulaanbaatar, Honhor basin, Mongolia, in combination with conventional methods such as borehole drilling and measurement of ground temperatures. The interface of frozen and unfrozen sediment was distinctly resolved in the interpreted GPR images, verified by the borehole drilling records and 6-month measurement of ground temperatures. The location of the permafrost table was assessed to be at the depth of 2?C4?m in the study region. A conspicuous ice-saturated soil layer (massive ground ice) was detected in the interpreted GPR images with a thickness of 2?C5?m. The GPR investigation results were consistent with the borehole drilling records and ground temperatures observation. The borehole logs and ground temperatures profile in the borehole indicates that permafrost at Honhor basin is characterized by high ground temperature and high ice content, which implies that ongoing climatic warming would have great influence on permafrost dynamics. The research results are of great importance to further assess permafrost dynamics to climatic change in the boundary of discontinuous and sporadic permafrost regions in Mongolia in the future.  相似文献   

2.
青藏高原典型多年冻土区的一维水热过程模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
了解多年冻土内部的水热过程对寒区工程规划和建设的辅助决策具有重要意义.冻土的水分迁移与温度变化密切相关,然而传统的经验模型局限性大,对水热物理过程考虑不足;陆面过程模型所需的驱动数据多且很难准确模拟深层土温,尽管数值模型在工程上应用的比较多,但很少应用到冻土的演化过程中.基于非饱和土壤渗流和热传导理论,实现了冻土水分场与温度场的水热耦合数值模拟.以唐古拉综合观测场为例,将数值模拟结果与观测数据进行对比,验证水热耦合数值模拟的有效性.结果表明：模型对土壤温度模拟效果较好,15 m以上R2在0.88以上,RMSE在1℃以内;水分模拟尚可,但仍存在一定误差,R2在0.7以上,RMSE在7.65%以内.模拟的活动层厚度约3.6 m,年平均地温所在的深度约为15 m,与实测值基本一致.该水热耦合模型可用于研究多年冻土区土壤水热变化规律.  相似文献   

3.
The active layer in permafrost regions plays an important role in energy exchange between permafrost and atmosphere. Rainfall is one of the dominant factors affecting thermal-moisture dynamics of the active layer. To better understand the thermal-moisture dynamics and the interaction between rainfall and the active layer in-detail, in situ experiment was carried out and soil temperature, soil moisture and soil heat flux of the active layer were measured from 2007 to 2009. The observation data demonstrated that the volumetric soil water content of the active layer remained fairly constant during the winter and had a notable fluctuation resulted from evapotranspiration and rewetting from rainfall events in summer. The daily variation amplitude of soil temperature and soil heat flux in summer was bigger than that in winter. Soil moisture content increased and soil temperature decreased after rainfall. Rainfall in summer led to the change of surface energy balance and caused subsurface soil cooling. The convective heat transfer from water infiltration reduced the temperature gradient along depth and changed near-surface heat fluxes. The increase in rainfall may mitigate permafrost degradation on the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

4.
We consider a series of hydrogeophysical techniques that provide a multiscale investigation of the water content in the vadose zone and of the perched aquifer at the experimental site of “La Soutte” in the Vosges Mountains (France). It is located in a catchment area where several springs and streams occur along fractured volcanic and weathered plutonic rocks. The site is the object of a long-term study that uses both continuous and repeated measurements to monitor hydrogeological processes. The main results from AMT and DC resistivity techniques allow the determination of a high-resolution 3D resistivity model over a large range of depths (from 100 to 103 m). We discuss their use and propose a hydrogeological model (porosity, water conductivity and water content). We also use MRS and GPR for a detailed investigation of the shallow part of the catchment that consists of soil and weathered rocks of highly varying thickness (0 to 15 m). MRS is used to map the thickness and total water volume content by unit surface of the saturated weathered zone. It also yields estimates of the vadose zone thickness through the depth to the top of the saturated zone. Moreover, we show results from GPR CMP measurements that yield estimates of the water content and porosity in the shallowest layer (0–30 cm) by simple interpretation of the ground direct wave.  相似文献   

5.
冯晓琳  张艳林  常晓丽 《冰川冻土》2021,43(5):1468-1479
大兴安岭北部是我国唯一的中高纬度多年冻土区,其水热特征分析对陆气能量交换、生态系统和气候变化等研究有重要意义。基于2011—2020年期间对大兴安岭森林生态站附近的湿地多年冻土开展的气温和0~2 m地温和土壤含水量数据,对大兴安岭湿地多年冻土活动层的水热特征进行了分析。结果表明：湿地多年冻土活动层内地温的变幅随深度减小,且具有滞后性。融化期地表温度高于深层地温,冻结期相反。2012年、2013年、2019年和2020年的平均融化速率分别为0.49、0.61、0.47和0.56 cm·d-1,向上平均冻结速率分别为1.34、2.12、2.58和1.65 cm·d-1。向下平均冻结速率分别为1.69、1.02、3.32和1.00 cm·d-1,最大融化深度分别为78.73、85.65、66.22和74.94 cm。2012年5月—2013年5月期间,土壤未冻水含量随地温变化的拟合关系较好,相关系数大于0.90,且深层拟合效果优于表层。融化期土壤水分变化幅度大,与地温的相关性差,随深度增加相关性减弱。湿地充足的水分为多年冻土的双向冻结提供了条件。研究成果可为大兴安岭湿地多年冻土区的冻融循环、水热耦合机理和模拟研究提供数据基础和理论依据。  相似文献   

6.

The site characterization of unsaturated soils is well stablished based on laboratory tests, which are expensive and time-consuming. In-situ testing methods, such as the flat dilatometer test (DMT), are an alternative to the traditional approach of drilling, sampling, and laboratory testing. The literature on DMT interpretation is well established on saturated and well-behaved soils. Only few studies deal with DMT interpretation in unusual soils, and little is known about the influence of soil suction on this test. This paper presents and discusses the influence of soil suction on four DMT campaigns carried out in an unsaturated tropical soil site, also incorporating the soil suction influence on the DMT interpretation. Soil suction was estimated by the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and water content profiles. The water content profiles range from 11.3 to 19.7% which corresponds to a suction range estimated by SWCCs mostly between 6 and 200 kPa. Soil suction significantly influenced DMT data up to 5 m depth at the studied site (the unsaturated active zone) increasing the intermediate DMT parameters. The average horizontal stress index (KD) was equal to about 1.7 and the average dilatometer modulus (ED) was about 4.7 MPa in the active zone and practically doubled their values due to in situ soil suction. The estimated peak friction angle (?) was 20–30% higher due to soil suction influence on DMT assuming the soil behaves as a sand like material. Soil suction must be considered to assess the behavior of the investigated soil by the DMT. The suction influence should be incorporated in the effective stress and this approach considerably improved the site characterization of the studied site.

  相似文献   

7.
地温年变化深度的准确判断对于多年冻土发育特征评估、寒区冻土模式下边界深度的确定具有重要意义.通过对青藏高原地区典型钻孔地温数据进行分析,初步揭示了多年冻土地温年变化深度的变化规律及其影响因素,并提出一种简化了地表和活动层状态影响的地温年变化深度估算方法.结果表明：研究区低温冻土的地温年变化深度平均值比高温冻土大4.6 m,随着冻土温度升高,地温年变化深度基本上呈减小趋势,部分低温冻土钻孔由于土层含水率过高导致地温年变化深度相对较小;由于活动层水热动态和冻融过程的影响,地温年变化深度与浅层（0.5 m）温度年较差相关性不显著,而与多年冻土上限附近温度年较差的大小呈显著正相关关系;地层介质的热扩散率差异是导致地温年变化深度区域差异和变化的主要原因,土层含水率、温度、质地以及水的相态是影响地层热物理性质重要因素.  相似文献   

8.
利用可可西里卓乃湖综合监测场获取的气象、地温等数据资料,分析了卓乃湖溃决后出露湖底融区冻土的形成过程。结果表明卓乃湖溃决后的三年时间里,多年冻土下限深度分别达到4.9 m、5.4 m、5.7 m,呈现出不断增长的趋势。利用Lunardini构建的冻土形成过程模型模拟了多年冻土的形成速率和形成过程,并在此基础上初步分析了地表温度和土壤含水量对研究区多年冻土形成速率的影响。模型模拟结果显示研究区多年冻土将继续增长,多年冻土的形成速率呈现先快后慢的增长趋势并最终达到稳定状态。地表温度和土壤含水量是影响多年冻土形成的重要因素。随着温度的降低,多年冻土的形成速率逐渐加快。当地表温度不变时,在多年冻土形成初期,岩土含水量越小,多年冻土的形成速率越快。  相似文献   

9.
兰州马衔山多年冻土活动层厚度估算及影响因素分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
马衔山残存的多年冻土被誉为黄土高原地区多年冻土的"活化石". 自1986年发现多年冻土存在至今, 多年冻土发生了严重的退化, 活动层厚度增大, 面积由原来的0.16 km2减少到现在的 0.134 km2. 本文基于马衔山多年冻土区的实际监测资料分析了气温、地表温度和N系数随时间变化特征以及活动层温度、土壤含水量的时空特征. 根据2010-2013年马衔山多年冻土区的日平均地表温度和土壤参数实测及实验室分析资料, 利用X-G算法模拟了马衔山多年冻土的冻融过程, 并模拟得到4年的活动层厚度均比实测值小, 这可能与活动层底部较高的未冻水含量有关. 然后进一步探讨了泥炭层和含水量对活动层厚度的影响, 泥炭层越厚, 其隔热作用越强, 活动层厚度越小; 反之, 活动层厚度越大; 含水量越高, 土壤的容积热容量越大, 活动层厚度越小; 反之, 活动层厚度越大.  相似文献   

10.
深上限-退化型多年冻土路基变形特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
袁堃  章金钊  朱东鹏 《岩土力学》2013,34(12):3543-3548
为了研究深上限-退化型多年冻土路基变形特点,基于青藏公路多年冻土路基地温和沉降现场监测资料,通过分析西大滩、唐古拉山北坡以及唐古拉山南坡路段的土质、冻土含冰量、冻土地温以及路基沉降变形数据,对冻土上限变化过程与路基沉降特点进行了研究,同时对沱沱河和清水河地区冻土路基分层沉降观测结果进行了分析。结果表明,土质和含冰量对退化型冻土路基的沉降变形影响较大,深冻土层的融化对路基沉降变形影响较小,退化型冻土路基的沉降变形主要发生在退化后的冻土层中,退化冻土层在冻融循环过程中,需要较长时间才能完成固结。对于冻土含冰量为少冰、多冰的稳定路段,退化冻土路基年平均沉降速度约为3.9～5.6 mm/a,路基沉降量极小;对于含冰量较高且土质以粉黏性颗粒为主的不稳定路段,路基沉降速度具有持续性和无减缓性的特点,路基年平均沉降量达到0.03 m/a,路基变形表现为整体均匀沉降,横向差异沉降量较小。  相似文献   

11.
In the Gurbantünggüt Desert, snowmelt-induced high soil water contents briefly create favorable conditions for the germination and growth of plants every spring. Monitoring the rapidly changing conditions in this time period demands fast and efficient methods for measuring soil water contents at the field scale. For this study, a series of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements were carried out on sites characterized by semi-vegetated dunes both in April 2010 and 2011. We compare water contents calculated from the GPR direct ground wave signal to both point scale validation measurements by time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and gravimetric sampling. Our results show that GPR is an effective method to rapidly obtain a detailed image of the field scale soil water content distribution in the Gurbantünggüt Desert with an accuracy similar to TDR. Observed large scale soil water content variations are dominated by dune topography: During snow melting, melt water was found to trickle slowly from the dune ridges to interdune valleys, increasing the soil water content there while the dune ridges quickly started to dry down. In dune valleys, smaller scale near-surface soil water content changes were dominated by variations in the vegetation coverage, leading to snowmelt funnels at distinct locations: The snowmelt initially occurred around the stems and branches of plants, forming funnel-shaped melt water induced holes through the snow cover and leading to an increasing amount of melt water collected around these plant roots. Our comparison of data from 2010 to 2011 furthermore suggests a temporally stable distribution of near-surface soil water content. This has important ecological significance for controlling desertification and for restoring and reconstructing vegetation in the Gurbantünggüt Desert.  相似文献   

12.
In order to understand the hydrothermal activity mechanism of active layers to rainfall in permafrost regions caused by humidification of climate, the differences of ground surface energy balance and hydrothermal activity in different types of shallow soil with the consideration of rainfall were discussed. Based on the meteorological data in 2013 observed at Beiluhe observation station of Tibet Plateau, three types of shallow ground soil (i.e., sandy soil, sandy loam and silty clay) were selected to compare the differences in the water content and energy balance at the ground surface, dynamic processes of water and energy transport in active layers and coupling mechanism under rainfall condition in the plateau using a coupled water-vapor-heat transport model. The results show that the increase of soil particle size leads to the increase of surface net radiation and latent heat of evaporation, but the decrease of soil heat flux. The difference of surface energy balance, especially the sensible heat flux and latent heat of evaporation, are larger in the warm season but smaller in the cold season. The liquid water transport under hydraulic gradient and the water-vapor transport under thermal gradient are obvious as the particle size in soil increases. However, the water-vapor flux under thermal gradient increases but the liquid water flux under hydraulic potential gradient decreases. As a result, the water content in shallow soil decreases accordingly but it increases slightly at the depth of 25 ~75 cm. Moreover, with the increase of soil particle size, the thermal conductivity of soil, convective heat transfer under rainfall and surface evaporation increase, but the soil heat conduction flux and soil temperature gradient decrease. Thus, soil temperature in sandy soil is much higher than that of sandy loam and silty clay at the same depth. The permafrost table declines with the increase of the thickness of active layer, which is unfavourable to permafrost stability. The results can provide theoretical reference for stability prediction and protection of permafrost caused by humidification of climate.  相似文献   

13.
冻土水热传输和水热耦合过程是寒区水循环的核心环节和重要组成部分,土壤温度和湿度(含水量)的观测和模拟是冻土水热过程分析的基础. 以中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站葫芦沟试验小流域为依托,选取季节冻土区的高寒草原、高寒草甸和多年冻土区的沼泽化草甸、高山寒漠等4种典型寒区下垫面,分别布设自动气象站,并调查相关土壤和植被参数,利用SHAW和CoupModel模型对试验点的土壤水热条件进行模拟计算.结果表明：4个试验点多层土壤含水量和地温SHAW模型计算值与实测值对比平均相关系数R2分别为0.65和0.90;CoupModel模型计算值与实测值对比平均R2为0.72和0.93. 总体上,地温的模型估算结果略好于含水量;相对于SHAW模型,CoupModel模型是更适合寒区各种下垫面的一维SVATs模型.  相似文献   

14.
冷毅飞  张喜发  杨凤学  姜龙  赵意民 《岩土力学》2010,31(12):3758-3764
冻土未冻水含量不但是评价冻土中水分迁移特性的重要指标,而且也是冻土热工计算中常用的参数。采用未冻水测量方法中的经典量热法对采自中俄石油管道工程大庆－漠河段沿线大兴安岭多年冻土带的6类典型土样（共76个）进行了-0.5、-2、-5、-10℃左右负温下的未冻水含量测试。分析了负温温度t、土质类型和初始含水率wo对未冻水含量wu的影响及其变化规律。通过统计分析,给出了6类土在上述4个给定温度下的未冻水含量代表值及其幂函数wu=at-b方程中的参数值。将黏土、粉质黏土、粉土和泥炭质土各给定温度下的未冻水含量对塑限wp归一化,得到各土类各温度下未冻水量系数值。对其进行幂函数拟合得到wu-wp-t经验计算公式。将温度、土质条件和初始含水率3影响因素进行综合分析,得到各类土在给定温度下的wu-wo-wp关系的二元一次线性回归经验方程式,为实际工程应用提供参考。  相似文献   

15.
The value of remote sensing and surface geophysical data for characterizing the spatial variability and relationships between land-surface and subsurface properties was explored in an Alaska (USA) coastal plain ecosystem. At this site, a nested suite of measurements was collected within a region where the land surface was dominated by polygons, including: LiDAR data; ground-penetrating radar, electromagnetic, and electrical-resistance tomography data; active-layer depth, soil temperature, soil-moisture content, soil texture, soil carbon and nitrogen content; and pore-fluid cations. LiDAR data were used to extract geomorphic metrics, which potentially indicate drainage potential. Geophysical data were used to characterize active-layer depth, soil-moisture content, and permafrost variability. Cluster analysis of the LiDAR and geophysical attributes revealed the presence of three spatial zones, which had unique distributions of geomorphic, hydrological, thermal, and geochemical properties. The correspondence between the LiDAR-based geomorphic zonation and the geophysics-based active-layer and permafrost zonation highlights the significant linkage between these ecosystem compartments. This study suggests the potential of combining LiDAR and surface geophysical measurements for providing high-resolution information about land-surface and subsurface properties as well as their spatial variations and linkages, all of which are important for quantifying terrestrial-ecosystem evolution and feedbacks to climate.  相似文献   

16.
土壤温度和含水量是影响可溶性有机碳(DOC)变化的重要因素。然而,多年冻土泥炭地土壤DOC变化对秋季冻结期土壤水热变化的响应尚不明确。本研究选取大兴安岭3种多年冻土泥炭地[小叶章泥炭地(CP)、兴安落叶松-泥炭藓泥炭地(LP)、白毛羊胡子苔草泥炭地(EP)]作为研究对象,开展野外原位试验探究秋季冻结期土壤水热变化对多年冻土泥炭地土壤DOC变化的影响。结果表明:秋季冻结期土壤DOC含量表现为EP>CP>LP,平均含量分别为83.99、45.75和43.13mg·L^(-1)。在秋季冻结前期3种类型多年冻土泥炭地土壤DOC含量均呈波动下降趋势,中、后期CP,LP土壤DOC变化较平缓。在秋季冻结前期,CP整体土壤DOC含量随浅层土壤温度的降低而减少;在后期CP浅层和整体土壤DOC含量随浅层土壤含水量的增加而增加。在秋季冻结中期,LP浅层土壤温度升高和含水量的减少,降低了土壤DOC含量;LP整体土壤DOC的变化随着浅层温度的升高逐渐降低。在秋季冻结后期,EP深层和整体土壤DOC含量随深层含水量增加而增加。在整个秋季冻结期,LP浅层土壤DOC主要受地表温度驱动,深层土壤DOC则主要受深层含水量的影响;整体土壤DOC则受地表温度影响较大。研究表明秋季冻结期多年冻土泥炭地土壤水热变化驱动土壤DOC含量的变化。研究结果为多年冻土区碳循环和“双碳”背景下的碳排放研究提供基础科学数据。  相似文献   

17.
青藏铁路路基下高温-高含冰量冻土旁压试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为研究青藏铁路路基下高温-高含冰量冻土的力学性质,在青藏铁路北麓河试验段开展一系列旁压强度试验。试验研究表明：路基的增加引起路基下多年冻土温度升高,未冻水含量增加,最终导致冻土旁压临塑压力Pf下降31 %,旁压极限压力Pl下降44 %,旁压剪切模量Gm下降80 %。对于高温冻结黏土,富冰冻土和饱冰冻土Gm对温度变化的敏感性高于含土冰层;饱冰冻土的Pf和Pl对温度变化的敏感性高于富冰冻土和含土冰层。  相似文献   

18.
应用等效纬度-海拔模型进行地温及多年冻土制图   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  
This research presents a method for permafrost mapping in discontinuous permafrost regions based on equivalent latitude/elevation concept in interior Alaska. In winter months, study site has a strong temperature inversion in air up to 700 m elevation. Air temperature data and the effects of slope, aspect and elevation were used to create an equivalent latitude/elevation model. This model was well correlated with mean annual surface temperature (0.79). In this watershed, the thawing index (It≈1 400 ℃*days) at the ground surface and snow depth do not vary greatly from south facing to north facing slopes. The primary controlled factor that determines the mean annual surface temperature was the winter surface temperature. The permafrost stability is effectively controlled by the freezing index. We determined 37.5% of Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed has unstable or thawing permafrost. At least 2.1% of the permafrost in this watershed may have disappeared in the last 90 years due to climate warming. This method makes it possible to evaluate the permafrost stability in the present, past and future.  相似文献   

19.
陈琳  喻文兵  易鑫  吴颖  马悦 《冰川冻土》2015,37(3):723-730
在气候变暖影响下, 多年冻土对人类活动的响应更加敏感, 以至加速退化. 冻土退化后带来的生态环境和工程建筑热稳定性问题也会更加明显. 以黑龙江省漠河县城区为例, 结合钻孔资料和温度监测数据, 应用探地雷达对城区中心以及周边的多年冻土分布特征进行了探测, 研究分析了城市化对多年冻土的热影响. 结果表明: 雷达波在漠河城区地层的传播速度为0.07~0.08 m·ns-1, 探地雷达结果与钻孔、温度监测资料相一致, 能够较准确的确定融化深度、冻土类型、地层结构. 城区对冻土退化影响较大, 城区中心冻土退化严重, 探测范围(0~10 m)内无冻土存在; 城郊周围沼泽化湿地下部普遍发育含冰量较高的多年冻土, 人为扰动影响较小, 冻土上限较浅, 冻土热状况相对稳定. 随着漠河城区逐渐扩张, 拟建或在建市政工程大多将修建在城郊周围沼泽化湿地上, 人为活动不断增加势必会加速多年冻土退化, 但其长期热影响范围和程度还需深入研究.  相似文献   

20.
受气温变化影响,浅层冻土滑坡失稳涉及水分的固液相态转换,是一个复杂的水热力耦合过程。为揭示气温变化对多年冻土斜坡稳定性的影响,基于冻土水热力耦合数值模型,模拟了2020—2024年青海省多年冻土区斜坡水热力演化过程。研究结果表明:水分迁移速率呈周期性变化,每年5—10月活动层融化程度高,总体积含水率变化趋势显著;夏季多年冻土上限以下的高含冰量土层融化产生厚度约15 cm的富水层,孔隙水压难以消散;4年间多年冻土上限下移10.4 cm,导致活动层和富水层的厚度增大,上覆融土下滑力增大、抗滑力减小,土体抗剪强度进一步下降;活动层土体每年产生数厘米冻胀融沉变形,抗剪强度不断劣化,坡脚处最容易形成薄弱带。  相似文献   

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