共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
最强中心出现在160°W以东地区的北太平洋风暴轴定义为东部型风暴轴,针对这种短期气候异常现象,利用大气环流模式CAM 3.0对其可能的外部强迫机制进行探究,主要关注赤道中东部和黑潮海区正、负海温异常的影响。结果表明:赤道海区负海温异常对风暴轴东部型的出现有重要意义,当该海区海温为负(正)异常且黑潮海区海温正(负)异常时,风暴轴表现为东(西)部型。风暴轴在中、东太平洋地区低层斜压性的增强,是太平洋风暴轴中、东端天气尺度涡动活动增强的主要原因。当出现东部型时,北太平洋东部区域急流强度增强,涡动斜压增长偏强,涡动的热量和动量输送加强,风暴轴和急流的反馈也加强;反之亦然。冬季赤道海区引起的大气响应范围较广,而黑潮海区的影响较为局地,尤其是黑潮海区的负异常主要影响风暴轴入口区域,表现为关于海温异常强迫的符号非对称性。 相似文献
2.
In this paper, a statistical method called Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Analysis(GEFA) is used to investigate the responses of the North Pacific Storm Track(NPST) in the cold season to the multi-scale oceanic variations of the Kuroshio Extension(KE) system, including its large-scale variation, oceanic front meridional shift, and mesoscale eddy activity.Results show that in the cold season from the lower to the upper troposphere, the KE large-scale variation significantly weakens the storm tr... 相似文献
3.
西北太平洋纬向扰动海温经验正交函数（EOF）分解第一和第三模态、第二和第四模态分别代表同期黑潮延伸体和亲潮强弱的配置关系,将两者的典型位相合成,可以分别得到延伸体收缩和扩张状态时的典型模态海温,本文以此及气候态海温作为初始海温强迫场,利用CESM1.2.0模式,讨论了延伸体的系统变异对北太平洋风暴轴的影响及其在不同能量转换过程的主要影响机制,结果表明,延伸体收缩状态下,北太平洋风暴轴强度整体加强,而扩张模态下强度减弱。空间分布上,收缩模态下,风暴轴主要体现为经向方向的变化,中心及其以北强度加强,中心以南减弱;扩张状态下,则主要表现为纬向方向的差异,中心及以西强度减弱明显,中心以东有所增强。对能量转换的诊断分析表明,正压能量转换过程对涡动动能的变化贡献很小,且在风暴轴中心附近,其作用主要为消耗涡动动能,延伸体收缩状态下其消耗作用增强,而扩张状态下消耗作用减弱,这一差异主要是由于不同海温异常强迫下瞬变涡旋的形变不同造成;斜压有效位能释放比正压能量转换大一个量级以上,该过程几乎全部通过基流的经向温度梯度和经向涡动热量输送的相互作用完成,在这一过程中大气斜压性（经向温度梯度）起了关键性作用,大气斜压性异常、基流经向温度梯度异常、斜压有效位能释放异常与风暴轴异常的空间分布均具有较好的对应关系,该过程可能也是延伸体海温异常影响北太平洋风暴轴的主要物理过程;涡动有效位能需要进一步转换为涡动动能才能产生瞬变涡旋运动,涡动有效位能释放的量级与斜压有效位能的释放相当,但数值要小,这一过程通过冷暖空气的上升下沉运动完成,延伸体异常模态下,扰动垂直速度和扰动温度的负相关性的变化与涡动有效位能向涡动动能转换的变化也有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
4.
Lin-Lin Pan 《Climate Dynamics》2007,29(6):647-659
This paper explores the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the air-sea interaction in the North Atlantic region, particularly
the interaction between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA)
tripole. A linearized five-layer primitive equation atmospheric model with synoptic eddy and low-frequency flow (SELF) interaction
is coupled with a linearized oceanic mixed-layer model to investigate this issue. In this model, the “climatological” storm
track/activity (or synoptic eddy activity) is characterized in terms of spatial structures, variances, decay time scales and
propagation speeds through the complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis on the observed data, which provides
a unique tool to investigate the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the North Atlantic air–sea coupling. Model experiments
show that the NAO-like atmospheric circulation anomalies can produce tripole-like SSTA in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the
tripole-like SSTA can excite a NAO-like dipole with an equivalent barotropic structure in the atmospheric circulation, which
suggests a positive feedback between the NAO and the SSTA tripole. This positive feedback makes the NAO/SSTA tripole-like
mode be the leading mode of the coupled dynamical system. The synoptic eddy feedback plays an essential role in the origin
of the NAO/SSTA tripole-like leading mode and the equivalent barotropic structure in the atmosphere. Without synoptic eddy
feedback, the atmosphere has a baroclinic structure in the response field to the tripole-like SSTA forcing, and the leading
mode of the dynamic system does not resemble NAO/SSTA tripole pattern. 相似文献
5.
冬季北太平洋风暴轴的年际变化及其与500hPa高度以及热带和北太平洋海温的联系 总被引：43，自引：9，他引：34
文中研究了冬季北太平洋风暴轴的年际异常及其与500hPa高度以及热带和北太平洋海温的联系。结果发现,各年冬季北太平洋风暴轴的中心强度和位置具有显著的年际差异。对15个冬季北太平洋风暴轴区域500hPa天气尺度滤波位势高度方差与热带和北太平洋海温的SVD分析表明,第一对空间典型分布反映了赤道中、东太平洋区域海温异常对风暴轴年际变化的影响,而第二对空间典型分布反映了黑潮区域海温异常对风暴轴年际变化的影响。进一步的合成分析显示,赤道中、东太平洋区域海温异常主要影响冬季北太平洋风暴轴的东西摆动和中、东端的强度变化,而黑潮区域海温异常则主要影响冬季北太平洋风暴轴中、西端的强度变化和南北位移。并且这种影响分别与500hPa高度场上的PNA遥相关型和WP遥相关型有密切联系。 相似文献
6.
冬季太平洋SSTA对北太平洋风暴轴年际变化的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了冬季北太平洋风暴轴的年际异常及其与500hPa高度以及热带和北太平洋海温的联系。结果发现，冬季北太平洋风暴轴中心有线性增强、偏北、偏东的趋势。对15个冬季北太平洋风暴轴区域 500 hPa天气尺度滤波位势高度方差与同期热带和北太平洋海温的 SVD分析表明，第一对空间典型分布反映了 ENSO区海温异常对风暴轴年际变化的影响，而第二对空间典型分布反映了黑潮区域海温异常对风暴轴年际变化的影响。进一步的合成分析显示，ENSO区海温异常可以通过激发500hPa高度场上的PNA遥相关型影响冬季北太平洋风暴轴的东西摆动和中、东端的强度变化，而黑潮区域海温异常则通过激发 500 hPa高度场上的 WP遥相关型，主要影响冬季北太平洋风暴轴中、西端的强度变化和南北位移。 相似文献
7.
8.
热带海温异常影响夏季环流的机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用正压涡度方程模式对赤道东太平洋和赤道西太平洋暖池区海温异常影响夏季大气环流的机制进行了研究,结果表明:太平洋海温异常会对大气环流产生明显的影响,我国上空环流受其直接影响较小,大气对赤道东太平洋海温升高的响应比对西太平洋暖池海温降低响应明显.西太平洋暖池海温降低和赤道东太平洋海温升高都使极涡明显减弱,对中低纬度大气高度场的影响相反.赤道东太平洋海温升高,中低纬度地区槽脊活动表现不明显,而西太平洋暖池海温降低,会使大气高度场产生明显的槽脊扰动.西太平洋暖池海温降低和赤道东太平洋海温升高,会使涡度场、经向风形成沿驻波波列传播的扰动场.西太平洋暖池海温降低和赤道东太平洋海温升高同时发生时,经向风场使北半球所有的地方都产生了扰动(两条波列路径仍然清楚),沿纬圈和经向都呈有规律的正负相间的分布,扰动表现为驻波特征. 相似文献
9.
A T_(42)L_9 GCM integration is adopted to investigate in detail the effect of Northwest Pacific seasurface temperature anomaly(SSTA)on the Pacific storm track(PST)during winter.Resultsshow that warm(cold)Northwest Pacific SSTA can give rise to significantly increased(decreased)baroelinicity on the north side of the anomaly area and its downstream in such a way asto make the Pacific storm track strengthen(weaken)in its entrance where the 500 hPa synopticperturbation height variance,kinetic energy,and low-level upward and poteward transient eddytemperature fluxes who exhibit similar features to those of mid-latitude barolinic waves in theirdeveloping phases,show great enhancement for the warm case,suggesting that the Pacific trackcan be reconstructed in its west side only as a result of an external forcing,viz.,warm NorthwestPacific SSTA during winter. 相似文献
10.
A T42L9 GCM integration is adopted to investigate in detail the effect of Northwest Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)on the Pacific storm track(PST)during winter.Results show that warm(cold)Northwest Pacific SSTA can give rise to significantly increased(decreased)baroelinicity on the north side of the anomaly area and its downstream in such a way as to make the Pacific storm track strengthen(weaken)in its entrance where the 500 hPa synoptic perturbation height variance,kinetic energy,and low-level upward and poteward transient eddy temperature fluxes who exhibit similar features to those of mid-latitude barolinic waves in their developing phases,show great enhancement for the warm case,suggesting that the Pacific track can be reconstructed in its west side only as a result of an external forcing,viz.,warm Northwest Pacific SSTA during winter. 相似文献
11.
利用1979—2015年ECMWF逐日再分析资料,通过EOF分解和回归分析研究了冬季北太平洋大气低频环流的年际和年代际变化特征及其与海表面温度异常(SSTA)和大气环流异常之间的联系。研究结果表明:冬季中纬度北太平洋地区850 h Pa低频尺度环流存在3个明显的变化模态:第一模态为海盆尺度的单极型异常气旋(反气旋)式环流,同期太平洋SSTA呈现El Ni1o(La Ni1a)以及PDO暖位相(冷位相)空间分布,阿留申低压强度增强(减弱),对流层中高层是正位相(负位相)的PNA型遥相关,北太平洋天气尺度风暴轴中东部南压(北抬);第二模态为在白令海峡和副热带地区呈气旋式与反气旋式环流南北向偶极型变化,同时中纬度北太平洋SSTA呈现NPGO(North Pacific Gyre Oscillation)正位相(负位相)的空间分布,黑潮区域SSTA偏暖(偏冷),北太平洋SSTA经向梯度加大(减小),对流层中高层为负位相(正位相)的WP型遥相关,北太平洋天气尺度风暴轴整体偏北(偏南),强度增强(减弱);第三模态为北太平洋中西部和北美西岸呈气旋式与反气旋式环流东西向偶极型异常,黑潮区域SSTA偏冷(偏暖)而北太平洋东部SSTA偏暖(偏冷),SSTA纬向梯度加大(减弱),同时赤道东太平洋出现类似La Ni1a(El Ni1o)的SSTA分布,北太平洋天气尺度风暴轴中东部明显减弱(加强)而西部略有加强(减弱)。 相似文献
12.
黑潮延伸体中尺度涡年代际变化与北太平洋风暴轴变化之间的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用18年带通滤波的卫星高度计资料,通过引入黑潮延伸体中尺度涡能量(EKE)的面积指数,分析了黑潮延伸体中尺度涡EKE的强度和位置的年代际变化特征,并使用回归分析等方法分析了它们与北太平洋风暴轴之间的关系。结果表明,黑潮延伸体中尺度涡增强与北太平洋风暴轴的增强相对应,而EKE位置偏北(南)时对应的北太平洋风暴轴也偏北(南),同时当EKE的位置偏东(偏西)时北太平洋风暴轴则西退(东移)。此外,北太平洋风暴轴的变化对黑潮延伸体也可能有一定的反馈作用,黑潮延伸体中尺度涡EKE强度的变化与北太平洋风暴轴EOF第一和第三个模态(第二个模态)回归的海表面高度距平模态有明显的3~4年滞后的正(负)相关,而黑潮延伸体中尺度涡EKE位置的变化则相反。这种滞后相关可能是通过北太平洋风暴轴驱动的遥相关型环流改变海表面风应力旋度并强迫出的海表面高度距平的西传导致的。 相似文献
13.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用31点带通数字滤波、线性相关和合成分析方法,研究了1961/1962—2010/2011年冬季北太平洋风暴轴西部、东部区域强度指数的年际演变特征,划分了风暴轴的典型型态,并进一步探讨了与同期北半球500 hPa位势高度场和SLP的关系。结果表明:风暴轴气候态的极大值区域位于中纬度北太平洋中西部,最大值点的频数集中区域和均方差分布的异常中心都有两个。风暴轴西部和东部区域强度指数(WI和EI)的年际演变具有独立性,典型型态可分为单、双中心型两类。WI(EI)指数与北半球500 hPa位势高度场的相关分布类似于WP(PNA)遥相关型;单中心型风暴轴偏强时,极涡南扩,平均槽加深;呈双中心型时,极涡明显偏西。WI(EI)指数与SLP的相关分布类似于NPO(NAO)遥相关型;单中心型风暴轴偏强(弱)时,SLP距平场呈AO遥相关型的正(负)异常位相。 相似文献
14.
《气象科学》2014,(2)
Based on diagnostic analysis of reanalysis data for 58-year,the distribution characteristics of decadal variability in diabatic heating,transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing related to the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the North Pacific,as well as their relationship with anomalous atmospheric circulation have been investigated in this paper.A linear baroclinic model(LBM)was used to investigate atmospheric responses to idealized and realistic heat and vorticity forcing anomalies,and then to compare relative roles of different kinds of forcing in terms of geopotential height responses.The results illustrate that the responses of atmospheric height fields to the mid-latitude heating can be either baroclinic or barotropic.The response structure is sensitive to the relative horizontal location of heating with respect to the background jet flow,as well as to the vertical profile of heating.The response to the idealized deep heating over the eastern North Pacific,mimicking the observed heating anomaly,is baroclinic.The atmospheric response to the mid-latitude vorticity forcing is always barotropic,resulting in a geopotential low that is in phase with the forcing.The atmospheric responses to the realistic heat and vorticity forcing show the similar results,suggesting that diabatic heating,transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing can all cause atmospheric anomalies and that the vorticity forcing plays a relatively more important role in maintaining the equivalent-barotropic structure of geopotential height anomalies. 相似文献
15.
Mid-latitude atmospheric responses to heat and vorticity forcing using a linear baroclinic model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on diagnostic analysis of reanalysis data for 58-year, the distribution characteristics of decadal variability in diabatic heating, transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing related to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Pacific, as well as their relationship with anomalous atmospheric circulation have been investigated in this paper. A linear baroclinic model(LBM) was used to investigate atmospheric responses to idealized and realistic heat and vorticity forcing anomalies, and then to compare relative roles of different kinds of forcing in terms of geopotential height responses. The results illustrate that the responses of atmospheric height fields to the mid-latitude heating can be either baroclinic or barotropic. The response structure is sensitive to the relative horizontal location of heating with respect to the background jet flow, as well as to the vertical profile of heating. The response to the idealized deep heating over the eastern North Pacific, mimicking the observed heating anomaly, is baroclinic. The atmospheric response to the mid-latitude vorticity forcing is always barotropic, resulting in a geopotential low that is in phase with the forcing. The atmospheric responses to the realistic heat and vorticity forcing show the similar results, suggesting that diabatic heating, transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing can all cause atmospheric anomalies and that the vorticity forcing plays a relatively more important role in maintaining the equivalent-barotropic structure of geopotential height anomalies. 相似文献
16.
Singular value decomposition (SVD) is conducted of 15 winter tropical Pacific SST with 500 hPa filtered potential height variance over the northern Pacific storm track. It is shown that the first coupled mode obtained depicts the effect on the track of SSTA over equatorial central and eastern Pacific. Further composite analysis indicates that the SSTA over there during winter can give rise to or invigorate PNA teleconnection response pattern in 500 hPa height field which, in turn, exerts crucial influence on the interannual variability in vigor and east-west displacement of the Pacific storm track, especially over its central and eastern part. 相似文献
17.
Sun-Seon Lee June-Yi Lee Bin Wang Fei-Fei Jin Woo-Jin Lee Kyung-Ja Ha 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(11-12):2455-2469
Distinct differences of the storm track?Cjet relationship over the North Pacific and North Atlantic are investigated in terms of barotropic and baroclinic energetics using NCEP-2 reanalysis data for the period of 1979?C2008. From fall to midwinter the Pacific storm track (PST) activity weakens following the southward shift of the Pacific jet, whereas the Atlantic storm track (AST) activity remains steady in position and intensifies regardless of the slight southward shift of the Atlantic jet. This study is devoted to seeking for the factors that can contribute to this conspicuous difference between the two storm tracks on climatological subseasonal variation by analyzing eddy properties and local energetics. Different eddy properties over the two oceans lead to different contribution of barotropic energy conversion to the initiation of storm tracks. In the North Atlantic, meridionally elongated eddies gain kinetic energy efficiently from stretching deformation of the mean flow in the jet entrance. On the other hand, the term associated with shearing deformation is important for the initiation of PST. Analysis of baroclinic energetics reveals that the intensification of the AST activity in midwinter is mainly attributed to coincidence between location of maximum poleward and upward eddy heat fluxes and that of the largest meridional temperature gradient over slight upstream of the AST. The relatively large amount of precipitable water and meridional eddy moisture flux along baroclinic energy conversion axis likely provides a more favorable environment for baroclinic eddy growth over the North Atlantic than over the North Pacific. In the meantime, the midwinter minimum of the PST activity is attributable to the southward shift of the Pacific jet stream that leads to discrepancy between core region of poleward and upward heat fluxes and that of meridional thermal gradient. Weakening of eddy-mean flow interaction due to eddy shape and reduction of moist effect are also responsible for the weakening of storm track activities in midwinter when the strongest baroclinicity exists over the North Pacific. 相似文献
18.
冬季西北太平洋海表温度异常对太平洋风暴轴影响的数值试验 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
采用Ｔ２１Ｌ５大气环流模式，详细探讨了冬季西北太平洋海表温度异常对太平洋风暴轴的影响。结果表明：冬季西北太平洋暖海表温度异常能显著增强异常区北侧及下游地区的斜压性，天气尺度扰动方差、扰动动能以及涡动热量通量等也在此风暴轴入口区得到增强，由此揭示出外热源强迫对太平洋风暴轴的维持和发展起重要作用。 相似文献
19.
冬季赤道西太平洋海温异常对太平洋风暴轴影响的数值试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用Ｔ４２Ｌ９大气环流模式,研究了冬季赤道西太平洋海表温度异常对太平洋风暴轴的影响。结果表明：冬季赤道西太洋正ＳＳＴＡ能显著增强风暴轴区域在气尺度扰动的强度,与风暴轴发展有关的涡动热量通量和动量通量也在风暴轴的入口区得的增强。 相似文献
20.
冬季北太平洋风暴轴的年代际变化特征及其可能影响机制 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用1958-2002年的ERA-40再分析资料,用谐波变换和EOF方法分析了冬季北太平洋风暴轴在年代际时间尺度上的变化特征,并通过回归分析的方法初步探讨了风暴轴年代际变化的可能影响机制.结果表明,在年代际时间尺度上,北太平洋风暴轴有两种主要模态,第1模态是风暴轴在其气候平均位置增强或减弱的主体一致变化型,其年代际变化受到上游涡旋强迫的影响,北大西洋强(弱)的涡旋活动,使得冬季北太平洋西风急流减弱(增强)、变宽(窄)、北抬(南压),同期北太平洋风暴轴活动偏强(弱),黑潮延续体区海表温度有偏暖(冷)的响应;第2模态是风暴轴中东部在气候平均位置南北两侧振荡的经向异常型,与太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)循环的暖(冷)位相相联系,下垫面海温非绝热加热的作用,激发加强(减弱)大气中类太平洋/北美遥相关型(PNA)的响应,引起大气斜压性异常偏南(北),使得风暴轴整体南压(北抬),且中东部向东南(北)方向移动.因此,冬季北太平洋风暴轴的年代际变化不仅是局地波-流相互作用的结果,还应考虑上游涡旋活动和海温热力强迫的作用. 相似文献