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1.
地形作用下低空急流的演变与强降水对流风暴系统的相互作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用雷达、卫星、风廓线雷达和地面加密区域自动气象站等观测资料,分析了2016年入梅后发生在鄂东地区一次极端强降水事件的中尺度对流系统发生发展过程、结构演变及其传播特征,旨在揭示造成强降水过程中的3个中尺度对流系统（MCS）的触发、发展、维持机理以及它们之间内在的中尺度动力学关系,尤其是地形作用下的低空急流的演变与强降水对流风暴系统相互作用过程。研究表明:（1）与大多数梅雨锋上的强降水带与低空切变线平行分布不同,此次极端强降水雨带呈倾斜的“n”字形,其中两条主雨带近乎与低空切变线垂直;此次极端强降水分别由大别山迎风坡上西北—东南向MCS、湖北中东部平原地区西北—东南向MCS和桐柏—大洪山东侧东北—西南向MCS造成。3个MCS移动缓慢,都具有后向传播的特征。（2）大别山迎风坡上MCS初始雷暴是低空急流下边界不断向下扩展过程中在地形抬升作用下触发的,而湖北中东部平原地区的MCS和桐柏—大洪山东侧MCS的触发、发展、加强都与大别山迎风坡上MCS形成的冷池加速推进形成的出流边界与环境气流形成的强烈辐合抬升作用有关。（3）垂直于大别山的边界层西南急流对山坡上的对流冷池产生的顶托作用不仅平衡了冷池密度流产生的向下作用力,而且进一步强化了山区的辐合抬升强度,使得大别山迎风坡上强降水风暴系统得以长时间维持和发展;当山坡上的对流冷池堆积到足够厚度,或者由于低空急流的下边界迅速抬升时,这种平衡被打破,大范围的冷池俯冲下山并在平原地区快速推进,造成了湖北中东部平原地区大范围的雷暴大风和MCS发展加强,并沿冷池前沿逐步组织化,形成平原地区东南—西北向的强降水带。 相似文献
2.
Impact of 4DVAR assimilation of rainfall data on the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems in a mei-yu heavy rainfall event 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4 5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model （MM5） and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation （4DVAR） system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales.
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance. 相似文献
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance. 相似文献
3.
梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统触发和组织化的观测分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用观测和NCEP再分析资料,对2015年6月26-28日江淮流域梅雨锋暴雨天气对流的触发和中尺度对流系统（MCS）的组织方式进行了分析。结果表明:梅雨锋附近发展的2个线状中尺度对流系统是暴雨的直接制造者。MCS2的发展有2种组织方式,26日夜间到27日凌晨,东西向雨带的不断后部建立和随后对流单体的列车效应是其发展的主要方式。27日凌晨到白天,初期新单体不断在线状MCS2的南缘触发,形成多个近乎平行的东北-西南向短雨带,后期梅雨锋锋面雨带从西部不断东移,经过强降水区;对流元有2种尺度的组织方式:新生对流单体沿着单个雨带向东北方向的列车效应以及东北-西南向雨带沿线状中尺度对流系统向东平移的"列车带"效应;持续的后部建立型和沿着同一路径不断的"列车带"效应使MCS2发展和维持。梅雨锋前不稳定空气的地形抬升和边界层辐合上升是初始对流的主要触发机制;26日夜间对流产生的冷池对对流的触发和MCS2的组织化及维持起重要作用,中尺度对流系统的组织特征和发生、发展受近地面环境场制约。 相似文献
4.
The strong heavy rainfall on 3-5 July 2003 causing the severe flooding in Huaihe River basin (HRB), China is studied. It is noted that there are sometimes mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in East Asia during the mei-yu season. Simulation results from the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction) data analysis system (ADAS) and WRF model were used to study the development of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) and mesoscale convective vortex (MCV). It is confirmed that the MCV formed during the development of a... 相似文献
5.
梅雨锋上两类中尺度对流系统形成的边界层特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用具有较高时空分辨率的地面观测资料以及WRF（Weather reasearch and forecasting）模式输出资料,分析了2009年6月29一-30日梅雨锋暴雨过程中两类不同的中尺度对流系统（rnesoscale convective system,MCS）边界层特征及边界层对两类MCS的触发维持机理,重点分析了海平面气压场特征、边界层冷池、干线及其在MCS中的影响。结果表明：两类中尺度对流系统的海平面气压特征存在着明显的差异,对流爆发阶段地面风场存在辐合线,再次激发阶段气压场呈“跷跷板”型的中尺度扰动,即由前置中低压和后置中高压组成,最强的对流带位于中低压和中高压之间的过渡区内;边界层辐合线是第一类中尺度对流系统（MCSl）维持的重要因素;MCSl爆发后边界层冷池生成,冷池前的冷出流与低层环境风产生的强辐合触发了第二类中尺度对流系统（MCS2）;存在于中低压和中高压之间的中尺度干线是MCS2的重要特点之一。 相似文献
6.
利用常规天气资料及地面自动站、风廓线雷达、新一代天气雷达资料和ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125°×0.125°再分析资料,分析2015年5月19日福建西部山区一次极端降水的中尺度特征。结果表明:(1)极端降水分为锋前暖区降水和锋面降水两个阶段,暴雨区位于低空西南急流轴左侧,水汽充足,冷暖空气交汇,不稳定能量大,抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度低,大气可降水量大及中等强度的垂直风切变形成有利于中尺度对流系统(mesoscale covective system, MCS)发展的环境条件。(2)锋前暖区降水期间,西南气流携带高能量和水汽充足的空气移入暴雨区被中尺度边界附近的冷出流空气抬升,不断产生新的对流单体,对流单体向东北偏东方向移动,排列形成短雨带;若干条东北—西南向长度不等的短雨带在中尺度出流边界北侧建立,缓慢向东移动,依次重复影响关键区;暴雨关键区存在辐合线和风速辐合,为降水提供了良好的动力抬升条件;向西南开口的河谷地形加强了对流的发展;对流单体不断后部建立和东北西南向多个短雨带重复影响同一地区的列车效应是此阶段MCS主要发展方式。(3)锋面降水期间,对流单体在低涡切变南侧风速辐合、水汽和能量大值区发展东移南压,中高层先于低层转偏北气流,表现出前倾特征,垂直风切变加大,冷空气从中高层先扩散南下,与低层暖湿空气交汇使对流加强,冷暖气流的交汇叠加风速辐合使得强降水加强并维持。对流单体后向传播向东移动产生的列车效应是此阶段MCS主要发展方式。 相似文献
7.
The mesoscale moist adjoint sensitivities related to the initiation of
mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are evaluated for a mei-yu heavy
rainfall event. The sensitivities were calculated on a realistic background
gained from a four-dimensional variational data assimilation of
precipitation experiment to make the sensitivity computation possible and
reasonable within a strong moist convective event at the mesoscale. The
results show that the computed sensitivities at the mesoscale were capable
of capturing the factors affecting MCS initiation. The sensitivities to the
initial temperature and moisture are enhanced greatly by diabatic processes,
especially at lower levels, and these sensitivities are much larger than
those stemming from the horizontal winds, which implies that initiation of
MCSs is more sensitive to low-level temperature and moisture perturbations
rather than the horizontal winds. Moreover, concentration of sensitivities
at low levels reflects the characteristics of the mei-yu front. The results
provide some hints about how to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts
of mei-yu heavy rainfall, such as by conducting mesoscale targetted
observations via the adjoint-based method to reduce the low-level errors in
the initial temperature and moisture. 相似文献
8.
Diagnostic study on the structural characteristics of a typical mei-yu front system and its maintenance mechanism 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
In this paper, a typical mei-yu front process with heavy rainfall from June 12 to 15 in 1998 is analyzed. The results show that the mei-yu front is a front system which consists of an iso-θe dense area with strong horizontal gradient, a deep-convective cloud tower band, a passageway transporting warm and moist air flow from the summer monsoon surge in the mid and low levels to the south of the mei-yu front,and a migrating synoptic scale trough to the north of the mei-yu front, which transports cold and dry air southward in the mid and upper levels. The maintenance of the mei-yu front is realized by: (1) is a positive feedback between the moist physical process enhancing frontogenesis and the development of the strong convective system in front of the mei-yu front; (2) the sustaining system to the north of the mei-yu front which is a migrating synoptic scale trough transporting cold and dry air to the mei-yu front and positive vorticity to the mesoscale system in front of the mei-yu front. 相似文献
9.
使用气象卫星资料，分析了１９８９年７月发生在四川东部的４个中尺度对流系统的特征，第一个系统是由３个对流云团合并而成，生成后快速向前移动，第二个为向后传播。第三个系统生成后，系统的西南部不断生成新的对流单体，使之维持准静止状态，最后一个系统的初期呈胞状结构，后与冷锋结合，成为冷锋云系的一部分，这４个系统都是西南低涡暖切变形势下的产物，随着形势演变，其大尺度环境略有差异。 相似文献
10.
“0730”上海强对流天气个例的中尺度观测分析及数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用上海多普勒雷达、中尺度自动站等资料和中尺度数值模式WRF模拟结果,分析了2005年7月30发生,在上海地区的一次强对流天气(简称"0730")的发生、发展过程。结果表明,边界层中尺度辐合线和扰动能够在弱冷空气南下和局地中小尺度斜压不稳定的背景下产生,中尺度扰动不稳定随垂直运动上传、触发对流;低层高湿度梯度的大气层结、垂直风向剧烈非均匀切变和能量锋区的耦合配置,促进了强对流的迅速发展。结合数值模拟和诊断分析初步揭示了这次强对流过程发生冰雹、暴雨、大风等天气的原因。 相似文献
11.
华东地区一次飑线过程的数值模拟与诊断分析 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
本文利用ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System)同化多部多普勒雷达观测资料和常规地面探空观测资料,对2009年8月17日发生在我国华东地区的一次飑线过程进行高分辨率数值模拟;利用模拟输出资料,分析该飑线过程的动力和热力特征和对流线单体后向新生的环境条件。研究结果表明:(1)在飑线系统初生阶段,从飑线后部(北方)的团状对流系统的低层MCV(mesoscale convective vortex)中南下的冷空气与西南暖湿气流相遇激发强对流,促进飑线发展;随着飑线系统的发展和南移,团状强对流系统的低层MCV的气旋性环流对飑线的影响逐渐减弱,而飑线本身产生的低层冷池向外辐散的冷空气与环境场西南暖湿气流辐合成为飑线持续发展的主要动力。(2)本次飑线系统属于典型的后向新生型飑线,由4条处于不同发展阶段的对流线合并而成,对流线上对流单体的后向新生是动力和热力过程共同作用的结果,既需要一定的对流抑制能量促进对流有效位能的累积,也需要一定的环境风场垂直切变、低层风场的辐合和水平涡管向垂直涡度的转化。 相似文献
12.
湖北三类组织形态强对流系统造成的地面强对流大风特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用湖北省2012~2017年区域自动站、天气雷达和周边探空站观测资料,对三类不同组织形态的中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System, MCS)(线性MCS、非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴)造成的地面强风(极大风速≥17 m/s)的时空分布、移动与传播、对流环境特征等方面进行了统计对比分析,并结合个例讨论了地面入流大风的成因及其对对流系统发展、组织的影响。结果表明:(1)大量的非线性MCS可能是由更早发生在山区和丘陵的孤立对流风暴向平原地区移动过程中组织形成的,孤立对流风暴造成的地面大风出现的峰值时间在17:00(北京时,下同)前后,非线性MCS地面大风的峰值时间在19:00左右;线性MCS造成的强对流大风主要出现在平原地区。(2)非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴是造成湖北省地面大风的主导系统,其中,非线性MCS造成的地面大风站次数占强对流大风站次总数的41.9%,而39.3%的地面强对流大风站次是由孤立对流风暴造成的。(3)虽然大于17 m/s的地面入流大风占所有强对流大风的比例很小,但存在地面入流大风的强对流系统的影响范围、持续时间均远大于同一类型对流系统的平均值。基于一次长生命史线性MCS(飑线)造成强对流大风事件的分析表明:雷暴系统前侧的地面入流大风是由对流强烈发展造成,这支暖湿入流又进一步增强了对流风暴的发展,同时地面入流大风的形成进一步加强了垂直风切变,因而强的地面入流更有利于对流系统的组织化发展。(4)虽然暖季强对流系统的平均引导气流均以西南风为主,但线性MCS主要自西向东移动、非线性MCS以自西南向东北移动为主、孤立对流风暴的移动方向则更具多样性,也更易出现后向传播现象。孤立对流风暴相对组织化的强对流系统而言,往往发生在更不稳定或更干的层结大气中,且环境垂直风切变更弱、风速更小。 相似文献
13.
利用常规观测资料、ECMWF ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°分析资料、FY-2G 卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2017年8 月18-19 日漯河极端降水的中尺度特征及降水成因进行分析.结果表明:(1)本次过程在200 hPa 高空分流区、500 hPa 高空槽以及副热带高压、低层急流切变、地面... 相似文献
14.
A Simulation Study of the Mesoscale Convective Systems Associated with a Meiyu Frontal Heavy Rain Event 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, evolution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） within a Meiyu front during a particularly heavy rainfall event on 22 June 1999 in East China was simulated by using a nonhydrostatic numerical model ARPS （Advanced Regional Prediction System）. Investigations were conducted with emphasis on the impact of the interaction among multi-scale weather systems （MWSs） on the development of MCSs in the Meiyu frontal environment. For this case, the development of MCSs experienced three different stages. （1） The convections associated with MCSs were firstly triggered by the eastward-moving Southwest Vortex （SWV） from the Sichuan Basin, accompanying the intensification of the upper-level jet （ULJ） and the low-level jet （LLJ） that were approaching the Meiyu front. （2） Next, a low-level shear line （LSL） formed, which strengthened and organized the MCSs after the SWV decayed. Meanwhile, the ULJ and LLJ enhanced and produced favorable conditions for the MCSs development. （3） Finally, as the MCSs got intensified, a mesoscale convective vortex （MCV）, a mesoscale LLJ and a mesoscale ULJ were established. Then a coupled-development of MWSs was achieved through the vertical frontal circulations, which further enhanced the MCV and resulted in the heavy rainfall. This is a new physical mechanism for the formation of Meiyu heavy rainfall related to the SWV during the warm season in East China. In the three stages of the heavy rainfall, the vertical frontal circulations exhibited distinguished structures and played a dynamic role, and they enhanced the interaction among the MWSs. A further examination on the formation and evolution of the MCV showed that the MCV was mainly caused by the latent heat release of the MCSs, and the positive feedback between the MCSs and MCV was a key characteristic of the scale interaction in this case. 相似文献
15.
A Diagnostic and Numerical Study on a Rainstorm in South China Induced by a Northward-Propagating Tropical System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A strong cyclonic wind perturbation generated in the northern South China Sea （SCS） moved northward quickly and developed into a mesoscale vortex in southwest Guangdong Province, and then merged with a southward-moving shear line from mid latitudes in the period of 21-22 May 2006, during which three strong mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） formed and brought about torrential rain or even cloudburst in South China. With the 1° ×1° NCEP （National Centers for Environment Prediction） reanalysis data and the Weather and Research Forecast （WRF） mesoscale model, a numerical simulation, a potential vorticity inversion analysis, and some sensitivity experiments are carried out to reveal the formation mechanism of this rainfall event. In the meantime, conventional observations, satellite images, and the WRF model outputs are also utilized to perform a preliminary dynamic and thermodynamic diagnostic analysis of the rainstorm systems. It is found that the torrential rain occurred in favorable synoptic conditions such as warm and moist environment, low lifting condensation level, and high convective instability. The moisture transport by strong southerly winds associated with the rapid northward advance of the cyclonic wind perturbation over the northern SCS provided the warm and moist condition for the formation of the excessive rain. Under the dynamic steering of a southwesterly flow ahead of a north trough and that on the southwest side of the West Pacific subtropical high, the mesoscale vortex （or the cyclonic wind perturbation）, after its genesis, moved northward and brought about enormous rain in most parts of Guangdong Province through providing certain lifting forcing for the triggering of mesoscale convection. During the development of the mesoscale vortex, heavy rainfall was to a certain extent enhanced by the mesoscale topography of the Yunwu Mountain in Guangdong. The effect of the Yunwu Mountain is found to vary under different prevailing wind directions and intensities. The location o 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、自动区域站雨量、卫星TBB资料、雷达资料,对恩施州2016年6月24—25日发生的一次大范围暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:本次强降水,具有典型的两槽一脊"单阻型"梅雨环流特征,在有利的大尺度环流背景下,在高空槽、低层低涡切变、西南急流、地面中尺度辐合线等中尺度天气系统的共同影响、相互作用下,形成了此次大范围强降水。此次暴雨空间上分布不均,局地性强,表现为明显的中尺度对流性特征,雷达回波图上降水性质表现为混合型降水,暴雨的直接影响系统是中β尺度对流系统,且中β尺度对流系统在多个中尺度对流云团合并后加强,时间尺度约为5 h。此次暴雨过程是在上干冷下暖湿强的大气层结不稳定条件下,梅雨锋、边界层辐合线和地形槽的触发作用将前期积累的能量释放产生的强对流天气,同时,副高外围西南气流将南海和西太平洋的水汽向恩施输送,为暴雨的发生提供了有利的条件。 相似文献
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The conventional and intensive observational data of the China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study (CHeRES) are used to specially analyze the heavy rainfall process in the mei-yu front that occurred during 20-21 June 2002, focusing on the meso-β system. A mesoscale convective system (MCS) formed in the warm-moist southwesterly to the south of the shear line over the Dabie Mountains and over the gorge between the Dabie and Jiuhua Mountains. The mei-yu front and shear line provide a favorable synoptic condition for the development of convection. The GPS observation indicates that the precipitable water increased obviously about 2 3 h earlier than the occurrence of rainfall and decreased after that. The abundant moisture transportation by southwesterly wind was favorable to the maintenance of convective instability and the accumulation of convective available potential energy (CAPE). Radar detection reveals that meso-β and -γ systems were very active in the Mα CS. Several convection lines developed during the evolution of the MαCS, and these are associated with surface convergence lines. The boundary outflow of the convection line may have triggered another convection line. The convection line moved with the mesoscale surface convergence line, but the convective cells embedded in the convergence line propagated along the line. On the basis of the analyses of the intensive observation data, a multi-scale conceptual model of heavy rainfall in the mei-yu front for this particular case is proposed. 相似文献
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1.IntroductionTheimportanceoforographiceffectsonfrontwasrecognizedintheearly20thcentury.Butforthecomplexityofthisproblem,theinvestigationoforographiceffectsonfrontfromdynamicalviewpointisnottakenuntilthe1980s.Bannon(1983)derivedanalyticalsolutionsforthequasi--geostrophicfrontforcedbyahorizontalwinddeformationfieldthatmovesoveratwo--dimensionalmountainridge.Thesolutionsshowthatasacoldfrontapproachestheridge,itweakens,relativetotheflat--bottomsolution,andthefrontstrengthensasitmovesdowntothelees… 相似文献
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An Analysis of a Meso-β System in a Mei-yu Front Using the Intensive Observation Data During CHeRES 2002 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The conventional and intensive observational data of the China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study (CHeRES) are used to specially analyze the heavy rainfall process in the mei-yu front that occurred during 20-21 June 2002, focusing on the meso-β system. A mesoscale convective system (MCS) formed in the warm-moist southwesterly to the south of the shear line over the Dabie Mountains and over the gorge between the Dabie and Jiuhua Mountains. The mei-yu front and shear line provide a favorable synoptic condition for the development of convection. The GPS observation indicates that the precipitable water increased obviously about 2-3h earlier than the occurrence of rainfall and decreased after that. The abundant moisture transportation by southwesterly wind was favorable to the maintenance of convective instability and the accumulation of convective available potential energy (CAPE). Radar detection reveals that meso-β and -γ systems were very active in the MαCS. Several convection lines developed during the evolution of the MαCS, and these are associated with surface convergence lines. The boundary outflow of the convection line may have triggered another convection line. The convection line moved with the mesoscale surface convergence line, but the convective cells embedded in the convergence line propagated along the line. On the basis of the analyses of the intensive observation data, a multi-scale conceptual model of heavy rainfall in the mei-yu front for this particular case is proposed. 相似文献