共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
根据我国滨海电厂发电现状与发展趋势,本研究评述了我国火电和核电厂直流冷却需水量以及电厂规模化直流冷却用水对海洋生态系统的影响,包括取水卷塞效应导致生物伤害及其机理,卷载和温排水对海洋生物和海洋生态系统的负面影响。本研究估算了取排水导致的卷塞和卷载损失量。同时,以大亚湾生态系统变化为例,探讨了取排水的可能影响,提出了底栖贝类食物链形成的假设。由于电厂取排水对海洋生态系统构成实际和潜在危害,因此,有必要采取措施缓解电厂取水造成的环境影响。在对电厂的取排水海洋环境评估的基础上,电厂可以利用最佳实践技术（Best Technique Available, BTA）,避免或减轻取排水对海洋生态系统的影响,维护冷却海水资源开发的可持续性。减损措施不仅有利于海洋生态保护,也有利于电厂的冷源安全。 相似文献
3.
在潮流数值模拟的基础上,建立余氯的二维输运-扩散模型.并将模型应用于胶南发电厂温排水工程,预测了胶南发电厂温排水中余氯排海后在海洋中的浓度分布,并计算其造成的渔业损失量,为我国以自然水为冷却用水的企业确定水体加氯浓度和制定冷却水余氯排放标准提供科学依据,并为电厂的渔业资源补偿提供参考. 相似文献
4.
文章综述了滨海电厂温排水温升、余氯及卷载效应对附近海域生态系统中的浮游生物、底栖生物、鱼类等生物因子影响的研究进展,并阐述了滨海温排水对生态环境影响出现的新问题及今后研究趋势。 相似文献
5.
Flow cytometry investigation of picoplankton across latitudes and along the circum Antarctic Ocean 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Using a flow cytometer (FCM) onboard the R/V Xuelong during the 24th Chinese Antarctic cruise, picoplankton community structure and biomass in the surface water were examined along the latitude and around the Antarctic Ocean. Salinity and temperature were automatically recorded and total Chla was determined. Along the cruise, the abundance of Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, pico-eukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria ranged in 0.001-1.855×108 ind./L, 0.000-2.778￡108 ind./L, 0.002-1.060×108 ind./L and 0.132-27.073×108 ind./L, respectively. Major oceanic distribution of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus appeared between latitudes 30°N and 30°S. Prochlorococcus was mainly influenced by water temperature, water mass combination and freshwater inflow. Meanwhile, Synechococcus distribution was significantly associated with landing freshwater inflow. Pico-eukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria were distributed all over the oceans, but with a relatively low abundance in the high latitudes of the Antarctic Ocean. Principal Component Analysis showed that at same latitude of Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, picoplankton distribution and constitution were totally different, geographical location and different water masses combination would be main reasons. 相似文献
6.
悬浮物对鱼卵仔稚鱼的影响分析及其损失评估——以厦漳跨海大桥工程为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以厦漳跨海大桥工程环境影响评价为例,分析工程施工期产生的悬浮物对鱼卵仔鱼的影响。依据2007年5月评价水域渔业资源调查资料,定量估算施工期悬浮物对九龙江口鱼卵仔稚鱼资源的损失量。结果表明,厦漳跨海大桥施工期悬浮物造成鱼卵资源损失量为14.0t;仔稚鱼资源损失量为96.8t。 相似文献
7.
为揭示太湖水体中浮游病毒的分布规律,了解其在微食物环中的生态功能,2013年9月至2014年5月间,采用SYBR Green I荧光显微计数法,研究了太湖水体中浮游病毒的时空分布特征,并探讨了影响水体中病毒丰度的主要环境因子。结果表明:(1)太湖水体中浮游病毒的丰度具有显著的空间差异,网围养殖区的病毒丰度较高,为(3.52±0.28)×107 ind./m L,敞水区的病毒丰度较低,为(4.06±0.90)×106 ind./m L;(2)浮游病毒的丰度也具有显著的时间差异,秋季浮游病毒的丰度为(2.83±0.74)×107ind./m L,显著大于春季(3.11±0.67)×106ind./m L;(3)太湖水体中浮游病毒的丰度与叶绿素a浓度之间具有显著的正相关性,但与异养细菌丰度间的相关性不显著,表明太湖水体浮游病毒以浮游藻类病毒为主。 相似文献
8.
鲁南沙质海岸的侵蚀量及其影响因素 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
近数十年来,鲁南海岸持续侵蚀,与20世纪60年代相比,该段岸线平均蚀退率1 m/a左右,海滩沙侵蚀量约20.79×104 m3/a.其中,近28年陆源输沙平均减少6.47×104 m3/a,人为前滨采沙8.9×104 m3/a,海平面上升引起海滩侵蚀量约为1.67×104 m3/a,该三因素影响力度之比为4∶5∶1. 相似文献
9.
通过野外海区挂板的方法,探讨高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚氨酯(PUR)6种不同材料的塑料挂板对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)附着的影响,分析不同塑料挂板表面粗糙度和海月水母附着的关系.研究结果表明:海月水母浮浪幼虫在夏末秋初可以附着在人工投放的塑料挂板附着基上,表明海岸带工程造成的人工附着基增多可能为海月水母的附着提供便利条件;海月水母螅状幼体在不同材料塑料挂板上的附着率有明显差异,PET、PUR和PVC塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率显著大于其他3种塑料挂板,其中PUR塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最大,附着率为3.21±0.74 ind./cm2,HDPE塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最低为0.26±0.08 ind./cm2;海月水母浮浪幼虫附着率与不同材料表面的粗糙度并不显著相关,表明塑料挂板材料的表面粗糙度并不是影响海月水母螅状幼体附着率的关键因子,而不同材料塑料挂板上形成的生物膜可能也对海月水母浮浪幼虫的附着产生影响.研究结果可为我国近岸海域有害水母海月水母暴发和防控研究提供一定的重要参考数据. 相似文献
10.
南黄海夏秋季纤毛虫等微小型浮游动物丰度和生物量变动及其与沙海蜇旺发的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
大型水母沙海蜇旺发已成为黄海夏季的一个常见的生态现象。然而,沙海蜇旺发与微小型浮游动物尤其是纤毛虫的相互作用关系依然不明。本研究基于2013年6月(水母旺发初期)、8月和9月(水母旺发期)三个航次的调查,对黄海水母高发的I(33°N)、G(34°N)、E(35°N)断面的表层微小型浮游动物的丰度及生物量分布变化与水母发生关系进行探讨。微型鞭毛虫丰度6月平均丰度和生物量分别为357ind./m L和3.92μg C/L,至8月降为145ind./m L和2.55μg C/L,9月回升至160ind./m L和2.84μg C/L。共鉴定纤毛虫31属64种,三个月份纤毛虫的种类组成差别不大。纤毛虫6月的平均丰度和生物量分别为2282ind./L和8.93μg C/L,至8月降为933ind./L和3.92μg C/L,9月回升至2319ind./L和6.55μg C/L。与丰度和生物量的较大变化不同,纤毛虫6月的平均生产力为12.74μg C/(L·d),8月降至7.39μg C/(L·d),9月略增至7.79μg C/(L·d)。桡足类无节幼体仅见于6月(10.59ind./L)和8月(8ind./L),在沙海蜇旺发的8月其平均生物量(0.08μg C/L)和生产力(0.032μg C/(L·d))远低于纤毛虫。本研究表明,在南黄海水母发生过程中,纤毛虫在微小型浮游动物的生物量和生产力中占据了主导地位,并受到水母旺发的直接和间接(级联效应)影响。 相似文献
11.
对虾池悬浮颗粒附着细菌的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用5个实验围隔研究了对虾池悬浮颗粒上的附着细菌,结果表明:附着细菌数量波动在0.65×104～23.49×104个/cm3之间,平均为(4.57±3.64)×104个/cm3,占水体细菌总数的1.47%×1.41%(0.28%～8.73%).附着细菌数为1、2、3、4个的附菌颗粒占总附菌颗粒的比数分别为40%、27%、15%及11%,多于4个附着细菌的附菌颗粒数仅占总附菌颗粒数的7%;总悬浮颗粒中的附菌颗粒所占比例为52%;附着细菌数与水体总悬浮颗粒数关系最为密切,与水温及总细菌数也具有显著相关性,但与水层POC及DOC含量却未呈现显著的相关性. 相似文献
12.
液化天然气(LNG)接收站取水流道内水流形态十分复杂,泥沙淤积问题往往难以避免,特别是在含沙量较高水域,流道内回淤泥沙可能威胁接收站的正常运营。结合现场实测资料,建立取水泵站流道内泥沙物理模型试验,模拟了位于含沙量较高海域的舟山LNG取水流道内泥沙淤积强度及其分布特征。研究结果表明,取水泵站内主要淤积部位发生在前池、过滤池末端、吸水间进口和中部以及应急消防泵附近。在LNG运营和停机期间,消防泵和位于吸水间的海水泵均有埋淤风险。结合试验结果和周边已运营LNG取水泵站泥沙淤积及清淤情况,建议在关注区设立射流冲刷装置,可减少人工清淤频次,提高取水安全保证率,从而增加运营效益。 相似文献
13.
14.
北部湾浮游植物粒径分级叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布特征 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19
1994年5月23B至6月4日现场观测了北部湾浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的分布.测区平均叶绿素a浓度为0.94±0.45/d3.平均初级生产力(C)为351±172mg/(m2·d),浮游植物细胞丰度为0.97×104-10050×104个/m3,鉴定浮游植物4门56属176种.地理环境和水文状况的差异使上述参数分布具有明显的区域性特征,近岸区高于湾中部,测区北部高干南部;温跃层以下水层叶绿素a浓度高于上层水,周6观测站平均叶绿素a浓度湾北部(0.47±0.15g/dm3)高于湾南部(0.15±0.02dm3).北部湾水域光合浮游生物以微型和微微型细胞(小于20m)占优势,其对总初级生产力的贡献(占91%)高于对总叶绿素a的贡献(占77%). 相似文献
15.
Distribution characteristics of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary productivity in Beibu Gulf 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The distribution of the abundance of phytoplankton, chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentration and primary productivity in the Beibu Gulf were observed from May 23 to June 4, 1994.The results show that there were marked featares of spatial zonation in the survey area due to the differences between the geographic environment and the hydrological conditions.Chlorophyll a and primary productivity were higher in the inshore than in the middle area and higher in the north than in the south of the Beibu Gulf.The average concentration of Chl.a, primary productivity and the abundance of phytoplankton were 0.94±0.45 μg/dm3, 351±172 mg/(m2·d) (C) and 0.97×104-10.050×104 ind./m3 in the area, respectively.There were 176 species belonging to 4 phyla and 56 genera based on microscope identification.The results of the size-fractionation show that the contribution of nanoplankton and picoplankton was 77% to total Chl.a and 91% to total primary productivity, which proved their importance to phytoplankton communities in the Beibu Gulf. 相似文献
16.
以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为受试藻种,模拟温升和游离余氯条件,研究浮游植物对核电厂温排水的生态响应。结果表明,春秋季温升对其生长影响较小,而在夏季,其生长受到显著抑制。亚心形扁藻对游离余氯非常敏感,0.1 mg/L游离余氯既能抑制其生长,抑制作用随着游离余氯浓度的升高而增强。温升会加剧游离余氯的抑制作用,4℃温升和0.1 mg/L游离余氯联合作用对亚心形扁藻的抑制效果明显增加。由于温升和游离余氯的联合作用,即使在离排口较远的水域,仍然会导致亚心形扁藻数量减少。 相似文献
17.
Effects of a thermal discharge from a nuclear power plant on phytoplankton and periphyton in subtropical coastal waters 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Effects of elevated water temperatures and residual chlorine from a thermal discharge at a coastal nuclear power plant on the biomass and productivity of periphyton and phytoplankton were determined in subtropical Taiwan. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a, but not productivity, was significantly lower in the outlet region than in the intake region. Periphyton chlorophyll a was significantly greater in the outlet region than in the intake region. Nevertheless, periphyton productivity was negatively correlated with water temperature in the outlet region. A distinct difference in periphyton community composition was also detected between the two regions. Chlorination experiments showed that a chlorine concentration of 0.2 ppm greatly suppressed phytoplankton productivity, regardless of whether the water temperature was elevated or not. However, periphyton productivity was little influenced by a chlorine concentration of < 0.5 ppm. Our results suggest that phytoplankton productivity was greatly affected by residual chlorine, but periphyton productivity was more affected by elevated water temperatures. 相似文献
18.
Heng Zhang Wenshan He Chunfu Tong Jianjian Lu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):902-908
Based on the fishing net surveying data about anguillid elver of the Yangtze estuary collected in 2006 and historical data from previous research of the region, this study was focused on analyzing the fishing effort and catch variations of the elver, revealing the effects on fishery resources caused by elver fishing activities. It was found that the elver fishing activities took place in the tidal area of the Yangtze estuary from January to April. The yearly elver catch in 2000–2006 was 3 times greater than that in the 1970s–1980s. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) (ind./net/day) of the elver had some characteristics of temporal variation. It was higher in spring tide periods than that in neap tide periods, and the CPUE in February and March was 3–4 times greater than that in January. Twenty-eight fish species, 6 shrimp species, 2 crab species and 8 other invertebrates were found in the by-catch of the eel nets. Among the fishes, shrimps and crabs, the individual proportion of fishes is the highest, and they are mostly juveniles or small-size fishes, while the shrimps and crabs also make up a certain proportion. Most of the individuals in the by-catch were juveniles and were dead when they were harvested. It was proven that the activity of elver fishing has a great negative effect on regional fishery resources, though it has brought great commercial benefit. Relevant management and conversation should be reinforced. 相似文献
19.
当渔业资源出现衰退时,加强资源增殖放流以养护渔业资源、提高渔业产量对于渔业资源可持续利用具有重要意义;与此同时,增殖放流的实施会对基于资源开发与管理的评估的结果产生影响。基于2001~2015年间东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)渔业数据,采用增殖剩余产量模型,对东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹的最大可持续产量(MSY)及取得MSY时所需捕捞努力量(EMSY)和原存生物量(BMSY)进行了评估,并与传统Schaefer模型评估结果进行了比较。结果表明,当年增殖放流量约在3×106~95×106尾之间时,三疣梭子蟹年产量逐渐增加, MSY在14.2×104 t和14.6×104 t之间, EMSY基本在15×104吨位左右。增殖放流量增加,其对应的MSY也越高,能承受的EMSY也越高(从15×104~15.4×104吨位之间),相反BMSY则减小(从188.4×104 t降至186.6×104 t)。与传统的Schaefer模型评估结果相比,增殖剩余产量模型由于考虑了增殖放流生物量的因素,得到了MSY和EMSY有所增加,而BMSY有所下降的结论。研究结果有望为该研究海域三疣梭子蟹可持续地捕捞、放流与管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.