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研究区页岩气地质条件复杂，具有非均质性很强，储层薄且横向分布不稳定等特征。常规地震处理方法得到的结果分辨率低，无法识别薄层、地层尖灭点、微幅裂缝。为了解决这些问题，这里利用保真高分辨率地震处理技术对研究区页岩气的地震资料进行处理，该技术将叠前谱蓝化校正、AVA振幅校准、道集剩余噪音衰减、剩余时差校正、叠前剩余多次波压制和高精度井震标定定量质控等方法有序结合，能够有效提高复杂地震资料的分辨率、信噪比和保真度。处理结果证明，该方法能够提高该地区地震资料的分辨率、井震相关系数。同时，增强了薄层的可解释性、同相轴的连续性、尖灭点的准确性、断层检测的可靠性。 相似文献
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地震资料处理中相对保幅性讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震资料的相对保幅性处理是进行岩性油气藏勘探的基础,目前关于相对保幅性处理业界没有统一的认识,缺乏对关键处理技术的系统分析.笔者根据多年的实际地震资料处理经验,重点分析了相对保幅处理的难点,提出相对保幅处理的几项判断标准,并以此标准对振幅处理、噪声压制和提高分辨率等处理技术的保幅性进行了分析,这对相对保幅处理具有一定的... 相似文献
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塔中地区基本特征是由三条逆冲大断裂控制的背斜隆起构造。纵向上发育多期不整合面，在不整合面上下形成有多种类型的非构造圈闭。主要可归纳出古潜山圈闭、地层圈闭及岩性圈闭三大类，并可细分出九种亚类。潜山圈闭，一般都是下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储集体，本身处于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩包围之中，有“近水楼台”之优势；地层圈闭包括不整合面之下的地层削截尖灭圈闭、不整合面之上的地层超覆尖灭圈闭及古风化壳圈闭，它们与大的不整合面相伴生，有断层和不整合面作为油气运穆通道，是有利的油气聚集场所；岩性圈闭包括生物丘(礁)、碳酸盐岩隆(异常体)、岩性透镜体、滑塌浊积体、火成岩等，类型多，分布广，面积大，只要有油气通道，是优先捕获油气的有利场所。因此所述各类非构造圈闭均具有油气勘探前景。 相似文献
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塔中地区基本特征是由三条逆冲大断裂控制的背斜隆起构造。纵向上发育多期不整合面，在不整合面上下形成有多种类型的非构造圈闭。主要可归纳出古潜山圈闭、地层圈闭及岩性圈闭三大类，并可细分出九种亚类。潜山圈闭，一般都是下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储集体，本身处于寒武系一下奥陶统烃源岩包围之中，有“近水楼台”之优势；地层圈闭包括不整合面之下的地层削截尖灭圈闭、不整合面之上的地层超覆尖灭圈闭及古风化壳圈闭，它们与大的不整合面相伴生，有断层和不整合面作为油气运移通道，是有利的油气聚集场所；岩性圈闭包括生物丘(礁)、碳酸盐岩隆(异常体)、岩性透镜体、滑塌浊积体、火成岩等，类型多，分布广，面积大，只要有油气通道，是优先捕获油气的有利场所。因此所述各类非构造圈闭均具有油气勘探前景。 相似文献
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层序地层学在隐蔽圈闭预测中的应用--以松辽盆地南部为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据松辽盆地南部地区典型的反演地震剖面及典型井的体系域、层序的发育特征,在松辽盆地南部地区共识别出9个层序、12个体系域,并应用层序地层学理论对松辽盆地南部地区青山口组及姚家组隐蔽圈闭进行了预测.研究结果表明:砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭主要分布于青二段及姚二三段高水位体系域;砂岩上倾尖灭岩性圈闭主要分布于姚一段水进及高水位体系域;地层超覆圈闭主要分布于各个水进体系域;断层-岩性圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭可以分布于各个体系域,分别取决于断层和构造发育层位. 相似文献
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在以往很长一段时间内,地震勘探仅利用纵波,而把横波作为一种干扰波。本世纪五十年代开始的一些利用横波的地震勘探试验,表明了横波地震勘探的优越性:由于横波的传播速度往往只有纵波传播速度的二分之一,因而横波地震勘探比起纵波地震勘探的分辨率要高得多,它更利于对浅层及小幅度构造、小断层、尖灭、超覆等现象的勘探;此外,横、纵波的综合应用,对于构造地震勘探和岩性地震勘探都是有利的。 相似文献
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简单斜坡油气富集规律——以松辽盆地西部斜坡北段为例 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
斜坡是断陷和凹陷型盆地的重要构造单元,按其断裂发育程度和沉积厚度分为复杂斜坡和简单斜坡。松辽盆地西部斜坡为断裂不发育、平缓的简单斜坡,简单斜坡油气成藏有特殊性,表现在三个方面：一是简单斜坡的原油主要来自临近的凹陷,油气沿砂体以优势路径方式侧向运移,油气呈“线状”分布;二是简单斜坡大规模构造圈闭不发育,圈闭类型以地层、岩性和构造-岩性圈闭为主,其分布受构造带控制,超覆带发育岩性上倾尖灭圈闭,受规模较大的断层控制形成的鼻状构造带上发育断层遮挡和构造-岩性圈闭,不受断层控制的鼻状构造带主要发育构造-岩性圈闭。三是简单斜坡普遍受大气水的淋滤作用,由于游离氧的进入使原油遭受氧化降解作用而稠化,造成简单斜坡稠油分布普遍。这种成藏的特殊性决定了油气富集规律：只有位于油气运移路径上的圈闭才有成藏的可能。简单斜坡油气勘探方向是,在油气运移路径上寻找低幅度构造背景下的岩性油气藏（小规模）、规模较大断层附近寻找断层遮挡油气藏（中等规模）和地层超覆带上寻找岩性上倾尖灭油气藏（大规模）。 相似文献
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岩性地层圈闭研究综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
根据岩性地层圈闭的研究历史和进展,将岩性地层圈闭的研究分为初期阶段、探索阶段和地震综合勘探阶段。现今的研究方法主要是进行层序地层学的研究,建立沉积体系模式,指出有利相带,预测隐蔽圈闭的有利区等。根据不同沉积体系的特点,归纳出3类岩性地层圈闭:浅海碳酸盐岩类、陆相硅质碎屑沉积类和深水沉积类。如何有效地利用层序地层学理论和各种资料进行圈闭预测是目前研究的难点和热点。今后的研究方向是不同地区不同沉积体系的岩性地层圈闭的勘探方法、圈闭与层序地层学的关系、岩性圈闭的地球物理检测技术与综合地质因素的结合等。 相似文献
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综合三维地震、钻井、岩心和薄片资料分析了该油藏的储层展布格架、油藏构造及演化、油藏类型和控制因素等。在钻井剖面对比图上依据密度和中子测井,将白云岩储层可划分为4个小层。第1、2小层由于位于圈闭构造的较高部位因而通常含油。第3、4小层可能由于在某处与第1、2小层连通,虽然也具低幅度构造和更大的厚度及孔隙度,但多为水层;又因其容易侧向尖灭,故有可能形成地层圈闭。三维地震解释和正演模型均表明,当第1、2小层较厚时,常对应于强振幅和高频反射;当第3、4小层较厚且4个小层并存时会在原储层反射位置下方多出一个波峰同相轴,而且第3、4小层的尖灭通常伴随着该同相轴的终止。这一点有助于寻找与第3、4小层上倾尖灭有关的圈闭。Midale油藏的空间分布受局部低幅度构造和储层小层发育状况的双重控制。油藏驱动机制可能为边水和底水两种类型的结合。根据地震剖面上的地层关系和由三维地震资料所做的古构造演化图来看,油藏低幅度构造的形成与后期地层在前寒武基岩古隆起上的披覆及该隆起在后期多次不整合发生期间的重新活动有关。圈闭雏形形成于早志留到中泥盆世,最终定型于晚白垩世。区域构造演化和油气运移研究表明,有利的油气聚集带位于某些靠近油源区的古鼻隆的东北翼。 相似文献
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A. Suzuki E. Ohtani K. Funakoshi H. Terasaki T. Kubo 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(3):159-165
The viscosity of albite (NaAlSi3O8) melt was measured at high pressure by the in situ falling-sphere method using a high-resolution X-ray CCD camera and a large-volume
multianvil apparatus installed at SPring-8. This system enabled us to conduct in situ viscosity measurements more accurately
than that using the conventional technique at pressures of up to several gigapascals and viscosity in the order of 100 Pa s. The viscosity of albite melt is 5.8 Pa s at 2.6 GPa and 2.2 Pa s at 5.3 GPa and 1973 K. Experiments at 1873 and 1973
K show that the decrease in viscosity continues to 5.3 GPa. The activation energy for viscosity is estimated to be 316(8)
kJ mol−1 at 3.3 GPa. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that a gradual decrease in viscosity of albite melt at high pressure may
be explained by structural changes such as an increase in the coordination number of aluminum in the melt.
Received: 6 January 2001 / Accepted: 27 August 2001 相似文献
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通过高温高压实验研究了铁橄榄石集合体的流变性.首先,利用高精度的Paterson气体介质变形装置对铁橄榄石集合体Fe2SiO4进行了高温三轴压缩蠕变试验.变形试验条件为:温度1273～1423K,围压300MPa,差应力10～250MPa,应变率10-7～10-4s-1,试件的最大变形量不超过20%.利用三维非线性拟合方法对蠕变试验数据进行分析,得到铁橄榄石集合体的微观变形机制为扩散域和位错域,扩散域的应力指数为1左右.位错蠕变域中,干燥铁橄榄石集合体的应力指数为5.4.活化能为781kJ/mol;含水铁橄榄石集合体的应力指数为3.4,活化能为516kJ/mol.实验结果表明,含水时铁橄榄石的流变强度比干燥时小一个数量级.将实验结果与铁橄榄石单晶的强度进行对比,发现铁橄榄石集合体的流变强度比铁橄榄石单晶的强度高.从而得到了铁橄榄石集合体高温高压流变性(强度)的初步试验结果. 相似文献
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Haiying Hu Lidong Dai Heping Li Jianjun Jiang Keshi Hui 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,108(5):609-618
Electrical conductivity measurements on dry polycrystalline K-feldspar were performed at 1.0 to 3.0 GPa and 873 to 1,173 K with a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus and the Solartron-1260 Impedance/Gain Phase Analyzer in the frequency range of 10?1 to 106 Hz. At each temperature the complex impedance displays a perfect semi-circular arc that represents the grain-interior conduction. Under the experimental conditions, electrical conductivity exponentially increases with increasing temperature and slightly decreases with increasing pressure; however, the effect of pressure on the conductivity is less pronounced than that of temperature. The activation enthalpy decreases slightly from 0.99 to 1.02 eV with increasing pressure, and the activation energy and activation volume for K-feldspar are 0.98 eV and 1.46?±?0.17 cm3/mol, respectively. According to these Arrhenius parameters, ionic conduction is proposed to be the dominant conduction mechanism in K-feldspar at high temperatures and pressures, and potassium ions are the charge carriers transporting by an interstitial mechanism. The diffusion coefficient of potassium at high temperatures was calculated from our conductivity data on K-feldspar using Nernst–Einstein equation, and the results were compared with the previous experimental results. 相似文献
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The electric conductivity of gabbro has been measured at 1.0 - 2.0 GPa and 320-700℃, and the conduction mechanism has been analyzed in terms of the impedance spectra.Experimental results indicated that the electric conductivity depends on the frequency of alternative current. Impedance arcs representing the conduction mechanism of grain interiors are displayed in the complex impedance plane, and the mechanism is dominated at high pressure.These arcs occur over the range of 102 - k× 105 Hz (k is the positive integer from 1 to 9). On the basis of our results and previous work, it is concluded that gabbro cannot form any high conductivity layer (HCL) in the middle-lower crust. 相似文献
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J. Zhang I. Martinez F. Guyot P. Gillet S. K. Saxena 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1997,24(2):122-130
P–V–T measurements on magnesite MgCO3 have been carried out at high pressure and high temperature up to 8.6 GPa and 1285 K, using a DIA-type, cubic-anvil apparatus
(SAM-85) in conjunction with in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Precise volumes are obtained by the use of data collected above 873 K on heating and
in the entire cooling cycle to minimize non-hydrostatic stress. From these data, the equation-of-state parameters are derived
from various approaches based on the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and on the relevant thermodynamic relations. With K′0 fixed at 4, we obtain K0=103(1) GPa, α(K−1)=3.15(17)×10−5 +2.32(28)×10−8 T, (∂KT/∂T)P=−0.021(2) GPaK−1, (dα/∂P)T=−1.81×10−6 GPa−1K−1 and (∂KT/∂T)V= −0.007(1) GPaK−1; whereas the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with K′0 as an adjustable parameter yields the following values: K0=108(3) GPa, K′0=2.33(94), α(K−1)=3.08(16)×10−5+2.05(27) ×10−8 T, (∂KT/∂T)P=−0.017(1) GPaK−1, (dα/∂P)T= −1.41×10−6 GPa−1K−1 and (∂KT/∂T)V=−0.008(1) GPaK−1. Within the investigated P–T range, thermal pressure for magnesite increases linearly with temperature and is pressure (or
volume) dependent. The present measurements of room-temperature bulk modulus, of its pressure derivative, and of the extrapolated
zero-pressure volumes at high temperatures, are in agreement with previous single-crystal study and ultrasonic measurements,
whereas (∂KT/∂T)P, (∂α/∂P)T and (∂KT/∂T)V are determined for the first time in this compound. Using this new equation of state, thermodynamic calculations for the
reactions (1) magnesite=periclase+CO2 and (2) magnesite+enstatite=forsterite+CO2 are consistent with existing experimental phase equilibrium data.
Received September 28, 1995/Revised, accepted May 22, 1996 相似文献
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玄武岩及其高温高压相—榴辉岩的相组合,经历了长期的地质作用,反映出一定的时空条件。从高温高压实验矿物学,实验岩石学入手,对于以相组合出现的某些化学体系进行平衡条件研究,可揭示此类岩石形成的物理化学环境,并有助于阐明地球内部的物理状态、组成成分以及活动过程。 相似文献
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The phonon density of states (DOS) in iron has been measured in situ by nuclear resonance inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) at high pressures and high temperatures in a resistively heated diamond anvil cell. The DOS data provide a variety of thermodynamic and elastic parameters essential for characterizing iron at depth in the Earth interior, such as average sound velocity, Debye temperature, atomic mean square displacement, average kinetic energy, vibrational entropy and specific heat. The NRIXS data were collected at 6, 20, and 29 GPa and at temperatures up to 920 K. Temperatures were directly determined from the measured spectra by the ratio of intensities of the phonon creation/annihilation side bands that are determined only by the Boltzmann factor. The change of the DOS caused by the structural transition from -Fe to -Fe is small and not resolvable within the experimental precision. However, the phonon energies in -Fe are clearly shifted to lower values with respect to - and -Fe. The temperature dependence of derived thermodynamic parameters is presented and compared with those obtained by Debyes model. The Debye temperatures that best describe the data decrease slightly with increasing temperature. 相似文献
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In this study, the thermal expansion and heat capacity of San Carlos olivine under high temperature and high pressure are reported. Combining accurate sound velocity data under different P–T conditions with density and heat capacity data at ambient pressure, the density, adiabatic bulk modulus, shear modulus, and most importantly, thermal expansion and heat capacity, of San Carlos are extracted to 14 GPa by a numerical procedure using classic thermodynamic relationships. These data are in agreement with published findings. To estimate the temperature gradient in the upper mantle, we also report the fitting equations of thermal expansion and heat capacity of San Carlos olivine as a function of both temperature and pressure to the P–T condition of the 410 km discontinuity, which provide the thermodynamic properties with increasing depth in the Earth’s interior. 相似文献