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1.
为进一步精确限定黔西南中三叠统坡段组的地质时代,论文选择贵州册亨中三叠统坡段组典型剖面开展了石珊瑚及牙形石生物地层研究,在中三叠统坡段组(中上部)识别出石珊瑚3属3种,它们包括Pentasmilia zaitingnaensis,Pinacophyllum spizzensis,Gillastraea delicate;识别出牙形石Neogondolella constricta带。该带除含有带分子外,还含有Neogondolella bulgarica,Neogondoela navicula,Neogondolella acuta,Neogondolella alpina alpina,Cratognathodus kochi,Ozarkodina tortilis,Prioniodinasp.,Lonchodinasp.等重要牙形石。通过对牙形石特征的分析和国内外同名带的对比,认为坡段组Neogondolella constricta带大体可与贵州省盘县地区羊圈-楚皮凹剖面中三叠统关岭组上段、贵州罗甸关刀(2)剖面关刀岩楔、和云南开远马者哨法郎组的同名化石带对比,进而确定贵州册亨地区坡段组含牙形石Neogondolella constricta带的地层时代为安尼期的Illyrian亚期。 相似文献
2.
全球二叠系-三叠系界线(PTB)层型及点("金钉子")定位我国浙江省长兴县煤山D剖面,极大地推动了PTB及二叠系和三叠系研究进展。在简要介绍地层单位与全球界线层型与点建立的相关概念、术语和有关规定、地层划分的主要种类及其地层单位术语的基础上,以全球二叠系—三叠系界线层型及点(中国浙江省长兴县煤山D剖面)为研究实例,综述了该金钉子剖面牙形石生物地层和年代地层研究现状。煤山D剖面构建了目前全球最完整的PTB地层牙形石带序列,为研究二叠纪末大灭绝后生物残存和复苏过程提供了重要的时间坐标系,也为相关的地质事件研究奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
3.
桂西下三叠统牙形石序列的新认识 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
桂西下三叠统为海相沉积,根据其岩性、厚度、化石类型等诸方面的明显差异可以分为两种类型,即作登型和太平型。本文详细研究了桂西两种类型下三叠统的牙形石,认为不同类型的下三叠统具有不同的牙形石序列。在前人工作基础上,对桂西下三叠统牙形石序列予以重新厘定。补充了作登型下三叠统的Neogondolella carinta带;指出作登型下三叠统不宜建立Platyvillosus costatus带;在太平型下三叠统Dienerian阶—Spathian阶中新建了Pachvcladina erromera带,Platyvillosus costatus带,Pachycladina obliqua-Parachirognathus delicatulus带和Neospathodus triangularis带;指出了每一个牙形石带的性质并与作登型下三叠统牙形石序列进行了对比。本文还从事件地层学和生物地层学两个角度,对桂西二叠一三叠系界线提出了新的认识。 相似文献
4.
利用生物成因磷灰石的氧同位素信息能够重建古海水温度,尤其是牙形石,结合其在生物地层学上的研究,它的数据解释具有明确的古环境意义。牙形石微小的个体一直是其精确地球化学分析的限制因素。作为对牙形石微区原位氧同位素测试方法的探索研究,本文利用Cameca IMS--1280 型二次离子质谱仪对牙形石进行了微区原位氧同位素组成测试,通过分析得到可靠的古表层海水温度 ( SST) 记录,表明从晚二叠世到早三叠世SST 存在明显的上升过程。相比常规Ag3PO4 实验方法,牙形石微区原位氧同位素分析方法更加快速,而且能够有效避免牙形石易受到污染的部位,获得更为可靠的牙形石氧同位素组成的测定结果。 相似文献
5.
古-中生代之交发生了许多重要的地质事件,包括“Pangea”大陆的解体、大火成岩省的喷发、晚古生代大冰期的消逝、极端高温事件、两次生物大灭绝以及迟缓的生物复苏等.牙形石作为该时期主要的标准化石,是进行地层对比以及生物与环境协同演化研究的重要依据.近些年,此阶段的牙形石相关研究取得了许多重要的进展,这些新的材料和技术手段上的突破,为人们进行高精度的地层对比、定量重建该时期地球的生物及环境演变起到了关键作用.本文系统地对该时期全球牙形石的研究,包括牙形石的生物学、地层学以及地球化学研究等进行了总结,也提出了部分亟待解决的问题.未来,随着更多技术手段的开发以及更多基础材料的发现,将加强研究人员对该时期牙形石演化的理解,必然也会在研究这段地质历史转折与突变期的古海洋、古环境、古生物过程中发挥更大的作用. 相似文献
6.
萍乡—宜春一带地处萍乐坳陷带西段,早三叠世地层广泛发育,长期以来对其地层单元划分、时代归属、分布范围、名称使用均不统一,给萍乐坳陷西段的研究工作带来诸多问题。笔者通过萍乐坳陷带西段萍乡—宜春一带1∶5万区域地质调查,首次系统地从岩石地层、生物地层方面对早三叠世地层进行了划分与对比,将该地区早三叠世地层自下而上划分为:殷坑组、青龙组、周冲村组,又将周冲村组进一步划分为四个段,并依据牙形石成果资料,将殷坑组、青龙组、周冲村组一段定为印度阶,周冲村组二段至四段定为奥伦尼克阶。同时根据岩性组合及沉积相特征对其沉积环境进行了分析,认为该地区早三叠世沉积环境为"台-坡-盆"古地貌结构的"陆缘海"。 相似文献
7.
印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线层型候选剖面--安徽巢湖平顶山西剖面地层序列 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
位于安徽省中部巢湖市郊的平顶山西剖面被推荐为印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型候选剖面。系统记述了该剖面的地层序列,包括岩石地层、生物地层、磁性地层、碳氧同位素地层和旋回地层等方面的最新研究成果。该剖面包括3个岩石地层单元、7个牙形石带、5个菊石带、3个双壳类带;在剖面下段地层中识别出2个正向磁性带和2个反向磁极性带;与地球轨道天文周期相对应的Milankovitch气候沉积旋回也可以明确地辨认;碳氧同位素δ1 3Ccarb演变呈现两次大的旋回。以牙形石N eospathodus waageni首现定义的印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线在该剖面上位于三叠系第二个主要的正向极性带近顶部,也接近三叠纪碳同位素δ1 3Ccarb首次正向漂移峰值处 相似文献
8.
牙形石广泛分布于寒武纪至三叠纪的海洋里。三叠纪牙形石的种类、形态、大小和产出频率受海水盐度、深度、温度和水动力条件等因素控制，不同的牙形石生态特征即牙形石相反映不同的沉积环境，所以，根据三叠纪牙形石相和牙形石特征属种的丰度，不但可区分三叠纪不同的沉积相区（台地相区、台地边缘相区、盆地相区），恢复三叠纪古地理面貌，而且可划分出牙形石生物地理区。中国早三叠世牙形石归属特提斯生物大区亚洲生物省，并可进一步划分出两个生物亚省和若干生态区。 相似文献
9.
本文利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS),对煤山D剖面包含二叠纪-三叠纪界线层的牙形石中色变指数(CAI)较低的部分进行微区原位微量元素分析,并与利用溶解法测定的相应的沉积碳酸盐岩围岩稀土元素(REE)的组成进行了对比,探讨了它们的稀土元素组成对环境变化响应的差异及其可能的原因.结果显示,无论是稀土总量ΣREE,还是Ce异常值,牙形石的微区原位REE信息比围岩更能反映出当时的环境变化.这表明牙形石化石比围岩对环境变化更加敏感,利用牙形石微区LA-ICPMS微量元素分析的方法是可靠的.同时,牙形石的Ce异常值还能对早三叠世的环境有较好的指示意义,为二叠纪与三叠纪之交大绝灭主幕开始到早三叠世环境的剧烈变化和长期缺氧环境提供了新的证据. 相似文献
10.
全球海相拉丁阶-卡尼阶界线（Ladinian-Carnian Boundary,LCB）层型已经确定意大利的Prati Di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen剖面,菊石Daxatina canadensis（Whiteaves）的首现位置标志着卡尼阶的底界.该界线通常被认为与牙形石Quadralella polygnathiformis或者Budurovignathus diebeli的首现接近,然而该界线在我国的确定却存在一定争议.一方面,由于主要的标志菊石Daxatina canadensis缺乏;另一方面,菊石（如Trachyceras）生物地层确定的界线比起牙形石生物地层确定的界线要高许多.如在我国华南海相LCB地层发育最好的贵州西南地区,依据菊石一般将LCB置于竹杆坡组顶部附近,而依据牙形石生物地层,则又置LCB于竹杆坡组底部附近.贵州贞丰龙场大坪子剖面杨柳井组上部发育有牙形石Quadralella polygnathiformis和Budurovignathus属分子共生的过渡层,其时代可能归入卡尼阶的第一个亚阶Cordevolian.是以贵州贞丰龙场大坪子剖面的LCB可能置于杨柳井组上部.但是,确定我国海相LCB仍需综合牙形石、菊石等生物地层,辅以磁性地层以及绝对年龄等多手段的研究来互相印证. 相似文献
11.
Milo Barham 《Geology Today》2015,31(2):74-80
Conodonts were small, thin, elongate jawless creatures that were a common component of the marine fauna from the late Cambrian, throughout the Palaeozoic and into the Triassic. For the majority of conodont research history, speculations on conodont affinity were restricted to the histology and arrangement of their mineralized tissues—‘conodont elements’. These conodont elements comprise millimetre‐scale phosphatic microfossils that superficially resemble teeth, and are commonly recovered from the residues of appropriately aged, disaggregated sedimentary rocks. It has only been in the last three decades, since the discovery of exceptionally preserved soft tissues, that the debate on conodont affinity has been refined, though it has hardly been less vigorously debated. Despite being studied extensively for over more than a century and a half, conodonts retain significant enigmatic qualities. Although many geologists today are familiar with the name, knowledge of conodont biology and ecology are often surprisingly lacking or confused, and conodonts remain as largely disembodied microfossil curiosities. Despite this, conodont elements are extensively and variously used in biostratigraphy, thermal maturation studies and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, while conodonts themselves occupy a potentially critical position in the evolutionary tree of our own phylum—the chordates. 相似文献
12.
安徽巢湖地区下三叠统牙形石生物地层分带及其全球对比 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
安徽巢湖地区早三叠世处于下扬子碳酸盐岩缓坡较深水区域,地层序列完整、清晰,各类化石是区域乃至全球最为丰富、序列最为完整的,是研究国际早三叠世年代地层最经典地区之一．对安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面、平顶山北坡剖面、马家山南剖面系统采样和精细的牙形石生物地层研究结果表明,下三叠统至少可以划分为8个牙形石带,建立了在华南具有代表性的下三叠统牙形石生物地层序列,自下而上为（1）Hindeodus typicalis带;（2）Neogondolella krystyni-Neogondolella planata带;（3）Neospathodus kummeli带;（4）Neospathodus dieneri带;（5）Neospathodus iaageni带;（6）Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带;（7）Neospathodus homeri带;（8）Neospathodus anhuinensis带．并与世界其他地区同期地层进行精确对比,为建立下三叠统印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型（GSSP）提供可靠依据． 相似文献
13.
西秦岭地区二叠—三叠系界线地层研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在西秦岭地区南秦岭带广泛发育碳酸盐岩型二叠、三叠系。本文以选部益哇沟剖面为例，对该区界线地层进行研究，从岩石地层划分、生物地层划分以及地球化学元素最优分割研究出发，确定了二叠、三叠系界线点，证明牙形石Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓ可作为三叠系开始的标志，并且二叠、三叠系是连续的。沉积环境分析表明，三叠纪初期相对于二叠纪末发生了一次海侵。 相似文献
14.
This paper proposes a scheme for the definition of the Lower Triassic Induan-Olenekian boundary (IOB) based on investigation of sections in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China as well as data accumulated from other studies elsewhere. The conodont Neospathodus waageni is suggested as the index fossil of the boundary. According to the FAD of N. waageni, the IOB is at the base of bed 25-2 of the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, 42.19 m above the Permian-Triassic boundary, and it is slightly higher than the base of the Flemingites-Euflemingites Ammonoid Zone at the section. 相似文献
15.
Foraminiferal and conodont faunas at the Devonian–Carboniferous (D–C) boundary in the southern part of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic) were studied in different facies of the basin slope. The joint presence of foraminifers and conodonts in calciturbidites along with a positive δ13C excursion of the Hangenberg anoxic event enabled the high‐resolution calibration of the late Famennian–early Tournaisian interval (Upper expansa–crenulata conodont zones). The conodont stratigraphic and biofacies succession reveals a strong correlation with other European areas. The Siphonodella sulcata morphotype (close to Group 1 sensu Kaiser and Corradini and “nov. gen. nov. sp. 1” sensu Tragelehn) enters prior to the Hangenberg Event, which resembles Upper and Uppermost Famennian conodont successions from Franconia, Bavaria and Morocco. The diversification of the early siphonodellids takes place after the Hangenberg Event and after the protognathodid radiation. In terms of foraminiferal biostratigraphy, the D–C boundary interval is characterized by the first appearance datum (FAD) of Tournayellina pseudobeata close below the D–C boundary followed by a sequence of Tournaisian bioevents, where apart from the last appearance datums (LADs) of quasiendothyrs, the FADs of the Neoseptaglomospiranella species and chernyshinellids play an important role in a similar manner as in Eastern Europe. The correlation of these bioevents elsewhere is often hindered by glacioeustatically‐driven unconformities and widespread occurrences of unfavourable facies for plurilocular foraminifers (Malevka beds and Bisphaera beds). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
The Lower Triassic in Chaohu (巢湖) area, Anhui (安微) Province, China, is well developed and its sequence is typical in South China. After a brief introduction of the Induan-Olenekian boundary of Chaohu, this article presents some new data on conodonts. More than ten times of conodont samplings and investigations have recovered thousands of conodont specimens, which are especially rich in the Induan-Olenekian boundary strata at the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu City, Anhui Province. The most distinctive forms are the conodonts of the Neospathodus dieneri group and N. Waageni group. The first occurrence of N. Waageni eowaageni, which is regarded as the indicator of the Induan-Olenekian boundary, is situated at 40.49 m above the base of Yinkeng (殷坑) Formation. Some key conodonts and seven new specimens are introduced. 相似文献
17.
四川通江诺水河二叠纪-三叠纪界线地层牙形石的发现 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
川东北地区碳酸盐台地相区二叠系-三叠系界线划分一向存在分歧,因为在二叠系与三叠系之间发育一套40-100m的白云岩的时代缺乏古生物依据。针对这一问题,在四川通江诺水河剖面进行地层古生物研究,在剖面34层和41层的白云岩中首次分别发现了牙形石化石Hindeodus latidentatus、Hindeodus typicalis和Hindeousminutus,Hindeous parvus、Isarcicella cf.staeschei、Isarcicella isacica。根据当前国内外古生物学的研究成果,34层的牙形石属于晚二叠世长兴期的化石,41层中的牙形石为早三叠世印度期的化石。结合两者的之间的岩石地层特点,初步将通江诺水河剖面的二叠系-三叠系的界线置于38层与39层、即白云岩与灰岩之间。 相似文献
18.
牙形石在以碳酸盐岩为主的华北奥陶系划分对比中占有举足轻重的地位。针对华北奥陶纪牙形石的研究已持续近半个世纪,总体上可以分为两个阶段:第一阶段自20世纪70年代到21世纪初,第二阶段为最近10年(2010—2020)。第一阶段以建立牙形石生物地层序列为目标,主要为解决石油勘探过程中地层时代的确定和地层对比的需求;第二阶段的研究以修订化石带为主,目的是与国际地层研究接轨。近年来在华北板块西北缘的工作显示,该区奥陶纪牙形石在纵向上具有显著的生态变化,可分为达瑞威尔期中期、达瑞威尔期晚期—桑比期中期、桑比期晚期—凯迪期中期3个时段。第一时段以介于北美中大陆区和北大西洋区之间的热带台地边缘型牙形石为特征;第二时段以北大西洋型为主混有少量亚澳型牙形石为特征;第三时段以亚澳型和北美中大陆型牙形石混生为特征。在华北西北缘尽可能使用广布性标准牙形石属种进行化石带厘定,共识别牙形石带12个,自下而上分别是达瑞威尔期Histiodella cf. holodentata间隔带、Histiodella kristinae谱系带、Histiodella bellburnensis延限带、Dzikodus tablepointensis间隔带、Eoplacognathus suecicus间隔带、Pygodus serra间隔带和Pygodus anserinus(早期型)间隔亚带,桑比期Pygodus anserinus(晚期型)间隔亚带和Belodina compressa间隔带,凯迪期Belodina confluens间隔带、Yaoxianognathus neimengguensis间隔带和Yaoxianognathus yaoxianensis间隔带。由于部分化石带与国际同名带的对比还存在一些矛盾,尚需今后进一步解决。 相似文献
19.
YAO Jianxin JI Zhansheng WANG Liting WANG Yanbin WU Zhenjie LIU Dunyi WU Guichun ZHANG Jianwei LI Suping 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(2):408-420
The demarcation of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research. Lower–Middle Triassic strata of different types, from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China. This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian–Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage. Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city, Guizhou province, six conodont zones have been recognized, which can be correlated with those in other regions, in ascending order as follows: 1, Neospathodus cristagalli Interval-Zone; 2, Neospathodus pakistanensis Interval-Zone; 3, Neospathodus waageni Interval-Zone; 4, Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Assemblage-Zone; 5, Chiosella timorensis Interval-Zone; and 6, Neogongdolella regalis Range-Zone. An evolutionary series of the Early–Middle Triassic conodont genera Neospathodus-Chiosella-Neogongdolella discovered in the Ganheqiao and Qingyan sections has an intermediate type named Neospathodus qingyanensis that appears between Neospathodus homeri and Chiosella timorensis in the upper part of the Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Zone, showing an excellent evolutionary relationship of conodonts near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is located at 1.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Qingyan section, whereas this boundary is located 0.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Ganheqiao section. There exists one nearly 6-m thick vitric tuff bed at the bottom of the Xinyuan Formation in the Ganheqiao section, which is usually regarded as a lithologic symbol of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary in South China. Based on the analysis of high-precision and high-sensitivity Secondary Ion Mass Spectrum data, the zircon age of this tuff has a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 239.0±2.9Ma (2s), which is a directly measured zircon U-Pb age of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county can therefore provide an excellent section through the Lower–Middle Triassic because it is continuous, the evolution of the conodonts is distinctive and the regionally stable distributed vitric tuff near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary can be regarded as a regional key isochronal layer. This section can be regarded not only as a standard section for the establishment of the Qingyan Stage in China, but also as a reference section for the GSSP of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. 相似文献
20.
New conodont samples have been systematically collected at high stratigraphic resolution from the upper part of the Longtan Formation through to the lower part of the Yelang Formation at the Zhongzhai section, southwestern Guizhou Province, South China, in an effort to verify the first local occurrence of Hindeodus parvus in relation to the Permian–Triassic boundary at this section. The resampled conodont fauna from the Permian–Triassic boundary interval comprises five identified species and two undetermined species in Hindeodus and Clarkina. Most importantly, the first local occurrence of Hindeodus parvus is found for the first time from the bottom of Bed 28a, 18 cm lower than the previously reported first local occurrence of this species at this section. Considering the previously accepted PTB at the Zhongzhai section, well calibrated by conodont biostratigraphy, geochronology and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, this lower (earlier) occurrence of H. parvus suggests that this critical species could occur below the Permian–Triassic boundary. As such, this paper provides evidence that (1) the first local occurrences of H. parvus are diachronous in different sections with respect to the PTB defined by the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of this species at its GSSP section in Meishan, China and that (2) the lower stratigraphic range of H. parvus should now be extended to latest Permian. 相似文献