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Jyotirmoy Mallik George Mathew Thomas Angerer Reinhard O. Greiling 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,45(4-5):234-245
The Kachchh basin in the western India is known for its recent high seismicity. This study presents an application of the geogenic Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) technique for deciphering the directions of principal horizontal stress in the eastern Kachchh. The principal direction of horizontal stress obtained from EMR differs from those obtained from earthquake focal plane solutions. The major horizontal principal stress based on the EMR study shows an azimuth of N60°E ± 10°. The principal directions of EMR emissions are parallel to the acute bisector of conjugate microcracks. The azimuthal distribution of EMR signal and dimension of microcracks suggest that the EM emissions are transversely polarized.The study also deals with the first application of electromagnetic radiation emissions to identify active fracture planes in sandstones that could become potential active faults later, which might be seismogenic or nonseimogenic. This study is based on linear profiling at six different places across two major faults, the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF) and the South Wagad Fault (SWF) in the eastern Kachchh. Anomalously, high EMR emissions are observed in the eastern part of the KMF, indicating active surface deformation. 相似文献
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西沙群岛独特的构造位置决定了其构造运动背景和地壳应力场动力源的复杂性.位于西沙群岛石岛、深达1268.07m的西科1A井在1257.52m钻遇花岗岩基底.在1125.8~1262.0m开展5次水压致裂地应力测量,获得最大水平主应力为17.09~20.85MPa,最小水平主应力为15.97~18.29MPa,估算垂直主应力为22.86~26.68 MPa,地壳应力结构为SVSHSh,以垂直主应力为主导,该应力结构特征有利于正断层活动,表明西沙群岛地壳基底处于拉张的应力环境.受西沙海槽断层影响,水平应力值较低.印模测试显示基底地壳应力方向以近东西-北西向为主,与已有的GPS测量、横波分裂和面波反演结果较为吻合,显示西沙群岛岩石圈尺度上变形一致性较好.西沙群岛地壳应力场的力源受板块运动和地幔物质上涌作用联合制约.综合南海西北部实测地应力数据分析,显示该区域主应力方向较为一致,应处于统一、稳定的构造运动背景之中.西科1A井水压致裂试验是我国首次涉海深孔地壳应力测量,具有重要的地球动力学意义,提供了研究南海地球物理场的宝贵基础资料. 相似文献
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本文依据原地应力测量(套芯解除法90余个,水压致裂法6个),结合油田测井、震源机制解和断层现今活动资料等,综合研究了该地区的现今构造应力场特征,认为: 1.中国大陆东部地区现今构造应力状态似乎具有分区性.华北地区最大主应力方向为近东西向,太行山以西地区转为北北东向,华南地区为北西向.一个地区的主压应力方向在地下几十米至4000米大体是一致的. 2.华北地区地表以下几十米内的最大水平主压应力值一般在2——6MPa,而华南地区似乎比华北地区略高,两区的最大和最小水平主压应力平均差值也不相同。 3.现代活动的郯庐断裂带上,其剪切应力值远低于断裂带以外地区,离断裂带一定距离后,趋于区域正常值. 4.大震的发生,明显地影响极震区的应力场,但在一定时间内能恢复到原有的区域应力状态. 相似文献
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2008年汶川地震后,为查明北京地区现今地应力状态、评价断裂稳定性,相继在北京地区开展了5个深孔（600~1000 m）的水压致裂法地应力测量,并在适宜深度安装了地应力相对变化监测探头,建立了地应力变化监测台站.本文首先利用实测地应力数据分析了北京地区地壳浅表层应力状态,结果表明：（1）北京地区千米深度内,最大、最小水平主应力随深度增加梯度系数分别为0.0328和0.0221,侧压系数Kav和KHv值,最大、最小水平主应力之比KHh值与国内外已有认识基本一致,而水平向剪应力相对强度参数μm值较低;（2）北京地区最大水平主应力优势方向为近EW向,与华北地区构造应力场方向基本一致,同时受区内断裂活动等影响,存在与区域主应力方向偏差的局部应力场;（3）实测数据揭示的应力结构显示,北京地区地壳浅表层最大主应力（σ1）总体为最大水平主应力（σH）,受区域构造演化以及测点附近断裂的影响,中间主应力（σ2）与最小主应力（σ3）所对应的实测地应力存在变化,但总体来讲,实测地应力数据揭示的应力结构与北京地区主要断裂性质基本相吻合.其次,基于实测应力数据,采用库仑摩擦滑动准则,结合拜尔定律,并取摩擦系数为0.2~1.0,初步评价了北京地区主要断裂稳定性,结果显示：（1）在摩擦系数取0.6~1.0条件下,北京地区现今应力状态尚未达到导致断裂失稳滑动水平,断裂不会出现失稳滑动现象;（2）摩擦系数弱化到0.4时,西峰寺钻孔应力状态满足断裂失稳滑动条件,揭示出八宝山断裂存在失稳滑动可能性,而夏垫-马坊断裂和黄庄-高丽营断裂附近测点应力状态将趋近满足断裂失稳滑动条件,表明这两条断裂有趋向失稳滑动可能性;（3）只有当摩擦系数弱化到0.2时,北京地区主要断裂才可能在现今应力状态出现断裂失稳滑动.本文的认识对北京地区乃至华北地区构造应力场、地震地质研究有重要参考意义. 相似文献
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2008年和2009年, 通过和新加坡宜康地质技术有限责任公司合作, 在新加坡18个浅钻孔中进行了水压致裂地应力测量. 通过测量获得了新加坡地壳浅部的现今应力状态, 为新加坡拟建地下管缆隧道设计施工提供了地应力依据, 也为世界应力环境数据库提供了参考. 测试结果表明, 在38.00~56.95 m深度域内最大水平主应力σh值为3.45~9.64 MPa, 最小水平主应力σh为2.49~6.28 MPa. 水平主应力和用上覆岩层重量计算的垂直应力σv之间的关系为σh>σh>σv,最大、最小水平主应力平均值分别是垂直应力平均值的5.13倍和3.23倍, 表明新加坡应力场以水平应力为主导. 初步分析认为, 新加坡陆域浅部构造应力场的量值大致呈南、北两端偏低, 中间高的态势, 在北端最大与最小水平主应力值都小于它们各自的平均值, 而南端则与平均值相当. 最大水平主应力优势方向为NE—NEE向, 该方向与前人在其邻区获得的构造应力场方向和由震源机制解反映的主压应力方向较为一致. 新加坡现今构造应力场状态与印度板块、澳大利亚板块、菲律宾板块与欧亚板块的汇聚作用有着密切的联系. 根据库仑摩擦滑动准则, 断层面摩擦系数取0.6~1.0, 分析了研究区内断层产生摩擦滑动的可能性. 相似文献
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Pavel Peška 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1993,37(2):141-150
Summary A set of overcoring measurements in deep mines near Píbram is re-interpreted in order to obtain information on the regional component of in situ stress. This is achieved by averaging 17 complete stress tensors measured at the deepest level of the mine, at a depth of 1240 m. The computations indicate that (1) the mean principal stresses act roughly in the horizontal and vertical directions, and (2) the maximum principal stress is horizontal, acting NW - SE, which was also confirmed by the data from all 42 sites of the mine area. The NW - SE orientation of SH is consistent with the stress pattern in Western Europe and also with borehole breakouts observed within the Bohemian Massif, but the quality of the stress indicator obtained is poor — the standard deviation of the SH direction is 26°. High variance of the directional data is discussed with respect to stress redistribution due to the mine workings and the contact separating Proterozoic sediments from the Variscan pluton. 相似文献
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在距唐山地震震源约百公里的大港油田,以水压致裂法,在深度1000——4000米之间,测定了69次地应力值,对比了1973——1980年大地震前后八年内的应力值变化.在主震前,构造应力场出现明显变化:(1)水平应力梯度降低,即在最大与最小水平主应力方向呈现应力松弛;(2)水平应力与深度的相关系数降低,即构造应力场受到扰动;(3)断层滑动系数增高,断层出现无震蠕动.此外,结合地质构造与应力测量结果,对唐山地震发生过程中的一些异常现象,如无震蠕动、地下水位变化、浅层和外围地区的应力松弛,以及应力沿断层面向深层和闭锁区的转移等,进行了分析和讨论. 相似文献
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以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础,用X射线法,在安宁河断裂带测区,沿横过和平行断裂带的6条测线,测量了岩体三维宏观残余应力,绘成了宏观残余应力场水平和铅直三维主分量水平分布等值线图、水平和铅直最大剪应力水平分布等值线图及水平主应力线图,研究了此种场对大地震的控制作用。 相似文献
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Consistency of stress state,locations and source mechanisms of events induced by hydraulic fracturing: downhole monitoring 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zuzana Jechumtálová Fangdong Chu Gang Yu Jan Procházka 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(7):1315-1326
We present results of processed microseismic events induced by hydraulic fracturing and detected using dual downhole monitoring arrays. The results provide valuable insight into hydraulic fracturing. For our study, we detected and located microseismic events and determined their magnitudes, source mechanisms and inverted stress field orientation. Event locations formed a distinct linear trend above the stimulated intervals. Source mechanisms were only computed for high‐quality events detected on a sufficient number of receivers. All the detected source mechanisms were dip‐slip mechanisms with steep and nearly horizontal nodal planes. The source mechanisms represented shear events and the non‐double‐couple components were very small. Such small, non‐double‐couple components are consistent with a noise level in the data and velocity model uncertainties. Strikes of inverted mechanisms corresponding to the nearly vertical fault plane are (within the error of measurements) identical with the strike of the location trend. Ambient principal stress directions were inverted from the source mechanisms. The least principal stress, σ3, was determined perpendicular to the strike of the trend of the locations, indicating that the hydraulic fracture propagated in the direction of maximum horizontal stress. Our analysis indicated that the source mechanisms observed using downhole instruments are consistent with the source mechanisms observed in microseismic monitoring arrays in other locations. Furthermore, the orientation of the inverted principal components of the ambient stress field is in agreement with the orientation of the known regional stress, implying that microseismic events induced by hydraulic fracturing are controlled by the regional stress field. 相似文献
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The introduction of the four-arm dipmeter well-logging tool has permitted hole asymmetry to be recognised and hole ellipticity to be measured and oriented. Many wells in Alberta, western Canada, have been shown to exhibit depth ranges over which they are non-circular as a result of caving of their walls. These break-outs occur so as to elongate the holes in a northwest-southeast direction. This direction of elongation is consistent between the break-outs in a given well, and between wells distributed over an area of more than 3 × 105 km2. Asymmetric hole elongation occurs in siltstones, sandstones, limestones, dolomites and one shale formation, and through the stratigraphic column from Devonian to Cretaceous. It is unrelated to dip of the strata. The hypothesis is advanced that the break-outs are caused by concentration of stress at the walls of the wells, in a stress field with large, unequal horizontal principal stresses, the larger oriented NE-SW. It is shown that a normal stress field (with the largest principal stress, σ1, vertical) is unlikely to produce large enough horizontal stresses to produce the break-outs. Consequently our hypothesis requires σ1 to be horizontal and oriented NE-SW. The vertical principal stress could be either σ2 (strike-slip stress field) or σ3 (thrust stress field). The orientation of σ1 at right angles to the Rocky Mountains fold axes suggests the possibility that the stress field responsible for the thrust faulting in the mountains is still present. A strike-slip stress field is also possible. The most prominent system of surface joints outcropping in Alberta, shown by Babcock to have sets oriented NE-SW and NW-SE, could have been formed in the proposed stress field. Direct measurements of the stress tensor at two or three points, if they verified this interpretation, would combine with the oil well break-outs to demonstrate a remarkably uniform stress field over a substantial part of the North American plate. The stresses in the Alberta crust here proposed may be related to tractions now acting on the edges and underside of the North American plate, including those producing postglacial uplift of Hudson's Bay; or may be residual stresses from past tectonic events such as the Laramide compression of the Rocky Mountains. 相似文献
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采用煤矿井下专用的小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,在山西省的晋城、潞安、汾西、华晋、阳泉、平朔、大同等矿区,完成了160个测点的地应力测量,测点地质条件涵盖了山西省煤矿大部分条件.基于实测数据,分析了地应力与测点埋深的关系,不同深度条件下煤矿矿区井下地应力状态;绘制出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力分布图,并与震源机制解的分析结果进行了比较,得出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征与变化规律.煤矿井下水平应力总体上随着埋深增加而增大,但由于各矿区地质条件差异较大,导致地应力测试数据离散性也较大;埋深小于250 m的岩层应力状态主要为σH>σh>σV型,埋深处于250~500 m的岩层应力状态以σH>σV>σh型为主,埋深较大的矿区主要为σV>σH>σh型;最大水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值绝大部分集中在0.5~2.0之间,而且随着埋深增加,侧压比呈现减小的趋势,并向1附近集中;最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值主要集中在1.5～2.0之间;平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值大多处于0.5～1.5,尤以0.5～1.0之间最多;山西省煤矿矿区从北到南,最大水平主应力方向发生了较大变化.北部最大水平主应力方向为NE,往南发生偏转到NNW;靠东部与西部偏向NW;靠东南部出现了多变的方向.井下实测数据与震源机制解相比在部分区域一致性较好,而在另一些区域存在明显的差异.特别是在受较大地质构造影响的区域,水平主应力方向往往发生明显的扭转和变化. 相似文献
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利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,针对相对密度Dr=30％的福建标准砂,进行了不排水条件下的单调剪切试验。在剪切过程中,控制平均固结应力和中主应力系数保持不变,而总主应力方向不固定。与剪切过程中总主应力方向固定不变条件下的单调剪切试验进行了对比分析。试验研究表明,当饱和砂土试样具有水平沉积面时,初始固结主应力方向与剪切方向的不同组合,导致单调剪切过程中总的主应力方向的不断变化,从而显著地影响着饱和砂土不排水单调剪切特性。总的主应力方向是影响饱和砂土不排水单调剪切特性的最根本原因。 相似文献
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Use of the hydraulic fracturing technique for determiningin situ stress is reviewed, and stress measurements in wells near the towns of Livermore, San Ardo, and Menlo Park, California are described in detail. In the Livermore well, four measurements at depths between 110 and 155 m indicate that the least principal compressive stress is horizontal and increases from 1.62 to 2.66 MPa. The apparent direction of maximum compression is N 70° E (±40°). At the San Ardo site the least principal stress is that due to the overburden weight. At depths of 240.2 and 270.7 m the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses are estimated to be 11.4 and 22.5 MPa, and 12.0 (±1.1) and 15.8 (±3.3) MPa, respectively. From an impression of the fracture at 240.2 m, the direction of maximum compression appears to be about N 15° E. The rock in the Menlo Park well is too highly fractured to yield a reliable measurement of the horizontal stresses. The data indicate, however, that the least principal stress is vertical (due to the overburden weight) to a depth of 250 m. 相似文献
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The regional stress field in the Western Alps and their northern foreland has been investigated byin situ stress determinations. More than 600 strain relief measurements were made with resistance strain gages in boreholes carried out in mines, tunnels and quarries. The stresses calculated and data obtained from other papers were used to get a detailed idea of the stress conditions in Central Europe.The measurements confirm a continuous flux of compressive stress from the Alps to the northern foreland east of the Rhinegraben. The largest stresses are observed in the Central Alps, the lowest in the Rhinegraben rift system. The horizontal stresses exceed at nearly all places the vertical ones. Evidently the excess of horizontal stress is generated by active plate tectonics in the Alps. A tectonic model to explain the observed stress pattern is presented. 相似文献
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受印度板块向欧亚板块持续北东向挤压作用,青藏高原腹地拉萨块体内新构造活动强烈,其地应力特征一直是工程规划建设、地球动力学和地壳稳定性研究的重要内容.2014至2015年,沿雅鲁藏布江断裂带,分别在西藏林芝县(LZ)、朗县(LX)和乃东县(ND)开展了水压致裂原地应力测量工作.本文通过测试结果分析,获得了拉萨块体现今地壳浅表层的应力状态及分布特征.LX及ND测点应力强度均高于LZ测点,且应力结构均为逆断型,表现为S_HS_hS_v,水平应力作用占主导.LZ测点在测试深度内揭穿了断裂,且应力结构不够明确.三个测点的应力状态显示出拉萨块体现今地壳强度处于破裂临界状态,结合各测点所处构造环境,应力的持续累积可能会打破这种平衡导致断裂活动.主应力比值K_(Hv)=S_H/S_v,K_(av)=(S_H+S_h)/2S_v和K_f=(S_H—S_h)/2也显示出该区强烈的水平构造运动.三测点揭示的最大水平主应力方向集中于近SN(LX)-NNE(LZ及ND)向,与该区背景应力场特征相一致,且与地壳运动场相耦合,反映出该区应力状态主要受控于印度板块北向欧亚大陆持续挤压碰撞的构造背景,同时各测点之间应力状态的差异性也体现了区域构造作用的差异影响. 相似文献
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Principal horizontal stresses in Southern Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N. C. Gay 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(1-2):3-10
A review ofin situ stress measurements at eight regional localities in Africa south of the 15°S parallel shows that average directions of the horizontal pricipal stresses are N-S and E-W. These directions agree with principal stress orientations deduced from earthquake fault plane solutions. However, the maximum and minimum principal horizontal stresses are not consistently oriented parallel to either the N-S or E-W direction; they may vary within an individual region because of local geological structures and from region to region. At the sites within the Witwatersrand sediments (all at depths greater than 500 m) the maximum stress tends to lie NW-SE but at three of the four sites outside the Witwatersrand sediments (all at depths less than 500 m) this stress is oriented approximately N-S.The data reported here are compared with horizontal stresses predicted for Southern Africa bySolomon, Sleep andRichardson (1975) from various plate tectonic driving force models. The agreement between orientations is fair for all sites but only the deép sites in the Witwatersrand sediments have comparable stress magnitudes. 相似文献
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主应力轴持续旋转条件下饱和松砂的振动孔隙水压力特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用新研制的“土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭剪多功能剪切仪”,针对福建标准松砂,在三向非均等固结条件下,进行了能够模拟海洋波浪荷载作用下主应力轴连续旋转的循环耦合剪切试验。通过试验着重探讨了初始主应力方向、振动过程中主应力方向连续变化对不排水条件下砂土的振动孔隙水压力增长特性的影响。实验研究表明:在振动过程中主应力轴连续旋转的条件下,初始主应力方向对砂土的动孔压比与振次比之间关系具有显著的影响,随着初始大主应力与竖向之间夹角的增大,动孔压比的增长速度明显加快,具有较好的规律性;归一化孔压比与广义剪应变之间的关系基本上与初始主应力方向角和振动剪应力幅值无关。 相似文献
20.
采用Hypo2000和双差定位方法对2013年云南洱源MS5.5和MS5.0地震序列进行了重新定位. 结果显示: 精定位后洱源地震序列分布优势方向集中在160°; 用CAP方法反演了两次5级地震震源机制, 节面Ⅱ的走向158°和157°与余震优势分布方向一致; 现场考察MS5.5和MS5.0地震极震区的长轴方向也是NW向. 上述结果与维西—乔后断裂NNW走向一致, 据此判定该断裂为洱源MS5.5和MS5.0地震的发震构造. 序列震源机制解显示, 洱源地震序列表现出不同的错断性质以及不同方向主压应力, 可能与维西—乔后断裂所处区域复杂构造应力场有关. 相似文献