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1.
南海巽他陆架末次冰期以来的孢粉记录初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过分析沉积速率较高、且有同位素准确测年的南海南部巽他陆架18323柱状样的孢粉记录,分析重建该地区31 ka BP以来的植被和气候变化历史。结果表明,末次冰期以前植被主要组成是热带低地雨林,到末次冰期温度降低,热带低地雨林含量减少,草本植物含量剧增,红树林几乎绝灭;再从末次冰期到融冰期气温升高,热带低地雨林回升,对海平面变化反应敏感的红树林含量稳定增加。研究认为末次冰期前到末次冰期气温降低,湿度下降,到融冰期气温波动性回升,海平面升高。 相似文献
2.
《地球科学进展》2017,(11)
迄今为止,末次冰期低海平面时南海南部暴露的巽他大陆架被稀树草原或是热带雨林覆盖的问题仍然存有争议。来自于东南亚的孢粉证据表明,末次冰期时南海南部没有出现持续而广泛的草本花粉增多现象,主要的孢粉成分仍为低地雨林和山地雨林。草本花粉占主导的证据多出现在澳大利亚北部,这可能指示了草本植物以现代稀树草原分布区为中心进行扩张。据此,可以认为,尽管末次冰期气候有所变干,但南海南部周边陆地以及暴露的巽他大陆架上可能仍然被热带森林所覆盖。这一推断不仅得到了该区域植被—古气候模拟的支持,也与热带南美洲的很多孢粉证据相对应。通过当前孢粉证据的总结,发现东南亚古植被重建工作存有一些不足,例如海洋孢粉记录数量稀少,缺乏对海洋孢粉组合与内陆植被关系的了解。 相似文献
3.
中国内蒙古哈马尔太碱湖Ha01孔岩心13000a以来的古气候记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对内蒙古哈马尔太碱湖Ｈａ０１孔岩心古气候记录的研究，划分出１３０００ａ以来的１０个气候期及若干气候阶。对比表明，与全球气候变化是一致。在末次冰期盛冰期之后，冰后期之前，有三次明显的急速降温，先后有老仙女木冰阶、中仙女木冰阶和新仙女木冰队；冰后期以来，有两次大幅度的降温事件，均具有全球性，一次冷点是７６４０ａＢ．Ｐ．，一次冷点为５０００ａ．Ｂ．Ｐ．，前者相当Ｄｅｎｔｏｎ称作的第一新冰期，后者相当 相似文献
4.
对北京房山县长沟镇附近埋藏末次冰消期湖沼沉积物层序和岩性变化的观测资料，以及１４Ｃ测年、孢粉分析、磁化率、有机碳δ１３Ｃ值和有机质含量等测定资料的综合研究表明：１)约１３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以前本区气候相当干冷，植被稀疏；２)约１３０００～１２１００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候明显变暖，植被日趋繁茂，出现针叶－落叶阔叶林；３)约１２１００～１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候波动相当显著，十分不稳定，并在约１１６００～１１３００ａＢ．Ｐ．和约１０９５０～１０４８０ａＢ．Ｐ．气候明显向干冷逆转；而在这两个气候逆转之间出现相对湿润或温湿的气候。这一短期气候变化与北大西洋地区有相似之处，又有差异。 相似文献
5.
通过对内蒙古哈马尔大碱湖Ｈａ０１孔岩心古气候记录的研究，划分出１３０００ａ以来的１０个气候期及若干气候阶。对比表明，与全球气候变化是一致的。在末次冰期盛冰期之后，冰后期之前，有三次明显的急速降温，先后有老仙女木冰阶、中仙女木冰阶和新仙女木冰阶；冰后期以来，有两次大幅度的降温事件，均具有全球性，一次冷点是７６４０ａＢ．Ｐ，一次冷点为５０００ａＢ．Ｐ，前者相当Ｄｅｍｏｎ称作的第一新冰期，后者相当第一新冰期。近２０００年该盐湖的气候变化与中国历史文献资料相吻合。 相似文献
6.
本文在渭南黄土剖面所测得的年龄结果和时间标尺研究的基础上，结合粒度、磁化率等气候曲线的分析，对该剖面十五万年以来一些主要地层界线和气候事件的年龄进行了初步讨论，结果如下：１)Ｓ１／Ｌ２界线位于剖面１１８０ｃｍ处，从时间标尺上可知其年龄为１２８８００ａＢ．ｐ．，同末次间冰期起始的年龄相一致；２)Ｌ１／Ｓ１的地层界线年龄为７４２２０ａＢ．Ｐ．，同ＳＰＥＣＭＡＰ曲线中末次间冰期的结束年龄相吻合；３)渭南剖面所指示的末次盛冰期约在２００００～１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．之间；４)在２００００～１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．之间的末次盛冰期，有一段不足１０００ａ的快速堆积期，其堆积速率是中国黄土平均堆积速率的１０倍以上。 相似文献
7.
渭南黄土剖面十五万年以来的主要地层界线和气候事件──年代学方面的证据 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
本文在渭南黄土剖面所测得的年龄结果和时间标尺研究的基础上，结合粒度、磁化率等气候曲线的分析，对该剖面十五万年以来一些主要地层界线和气候事件的年龄进行了初步讨论，结果如下：１）Ｓ１／Ｌ２界线位于剖面１１８０ｃｍ处，从时间标尺上可知其年龄为１２８８００ａＢ．ｐ．，同末次间冰期起始的年龄相一致；２）Ｌ１／Ｓ１的地层界线年龄为７４２２０ａＢ．Ｐ．，同ＳＰＥＣＭＡＰ曲线中末次间冰期的结束年龄相吻合；３）渭南剖面所指示的末次盛冰期约在２００００～１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．之间；４）在２００００～１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．之间的末次盛冰期，有一段不足１０００ａ的快速堆积期，其堆积速率是中国黄土平均堆积速率的１０倍以上。 相似文献
8.
北美Ｌａｕｒｅｎｔｉｄｅ冰盖于末次冰期的大部分时间在北美东北部一直存在，冰盖的活动对北美东部冰期时的环境和气候有很大的影响。甲虫分析表明，北美东部中纬度地区在威斯康星中、晚期的气候以寒冷为主，中间分别在４２０００ａＢ．Ｐ．，３４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．和２８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．出现３次明显的气候变暖。此区威斯康星中期气候冷暖波动的幅度和出现的时间可以与同期的格陵兰冰芯记录及北大西洋Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ事件对比。 相似文献
9.
末次盛冰期以来陕北黄土高原的植被和气候变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文对黄土高原靖边和富县末次盛冰期以来的黄土沉积做了系统的孢粉分析.结果显示,末次盛冰期以来两地一直发育以蒿为主的草原植被,但植被组成在时间和空间上都有明显的差异.全新世早-中期植物种类比末次盛冰期丰富,沙漠植被减少,落叶阔叶树增加,表明气候变得温暖湿润.末次盛冰期靖边地区是以蒿、藜和其他菊科(非蒿属)为主的荒漠植被,... 相似文献
10.
广东省珠海地区钻孔剖面的沉积物，通过实验测试和分析研究，表明本区历史时期有４次海侵。第１次海侵发生于７５００ａＢ．Ｐ．，最高海面可能高于现今海面１ｍ左右。５７５０ａＢ．Ｐ．发生第２次海侵，来势迅猛，当时的海面可能高于现今海面４ｍ左右。第３、４次海侵分别发生于４６５０ａＢ．Ｐ．与２６００ａＢ．Ｐ．，它们持续的时间较长，并且海面出现多次波动。目前已进入第５次海侵阶段，预计５０年后海面可能上升１５－２０ 相似文献
11.
本文报道了南海北部深海沉积物中花粉的研究结果。所研究的17940孔长13．30m,包括最近4万年的沉积物。共鉴定统计103个样品,样品间距10cm,分辨率约为360a,自下而上分为3个花粉带和8个亚带。P1带(13．06～8．70m,约37000～15000aB．P．)以山地针叶树(Picea,Abies,Tsuga)花粉高含量组合与蒿属花粉占优势组合交替出现为特征,指示冷湿及温干频繁交替的气候。根据氧同位素资料该带相当于3期及本次盛冰期。P2带前期(P2-a亚带,8．70～7．23m,约15000～11300aB．P．)热带-亚热带常绿阔叶乔木花粉增加指示气候变暖,其中14000aB．P．前后红树林的高峰可能是海平面一度上升的结果;P2带后期P2-b亚带(7．23～660m,约11300～10000aB．p．)高山雨林及山地针叶树花粉增加指示气候变冷。根据氧同位素资料P2－a亚带与Bφlling－Allerφd升温期相当,而P2－b亚带属新仙女木期。P3带(660～0m,10000aB．P．至现在)为全新世,花粉组合以松属花粉占绝对优势,与现代南海北部表层沉积物中花粉组合相似,说明近万年以来南海北部气候与现代气候相近。近1400年来芒其孢子突然增加说明人类活动加剧。 相似文献
12.
To date, it is still heatedly debated that whether the exposed Sunda Shelf was covered by savanna or rainforest in the Last Glacial Period (LGP). A lot of palynological evidences revealed that large increase of non-arboreal pollen did not occurred on the southern South China Sea (SCS), and lowland and montane rainforest pollen were still predominant. Most of the herb-predominated pollen records occurred on the northern Australia, possibly indicating dispersions of herbs from current distribution centers. As a result, we advocated that inland and connected exposed Sunda Shelf around the southern SCS were covered by tropical forests rather than savanna during the LGP, although climate was drier then. This conclusion is not only supported by palaeoclimate-vegetation modeling, but also corresponds with most of the palynological evidences from South America. Current palynological records also showed the lack of palaeoenviromental reconstruction in Southeast Asia, including less pollen records and ambiguous correlations between marine pollen assemblage and its catchment vegetation. 相似文献
13.
The Holocene Period for the province of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, is characterised by periodic catastrophic volcanism. The region is mantled in dense wet tropical rainforest, and has been occupied by people since the Pleistocene. Analyses of peat from two nearby sites within a lowland rainforest environment provide us with a macro-level landscape account of the periodic destruction and recovery of the coastal forests during seven periods of volcanic activity in the latter part (2900 yr ago to present) of the Holocene. Radiocarbon dating shows the very close correlation of the peat and tephra layers at both sites, yet the pollen analysis reveals different vegetation communities. These initial results allow us to begin identifying the processes of recovery, and to recognise different ecological pressures placed on vegetation at these neighbouring sites. Evidence of hydrological changes are observed beginning with a marine incursion recorded at Garu Site 3 1360 14C yr B.P. The distinct differences in the vegetation re-establishment and community regeneration rates suggest the greater level of disturbance at Garu Site 1 could be related to the depth of the ashfall, although the proximity of a known human settlement may also be a contributing factor. Of note, palynologically, we found that the fern spore flora is particularly rich and believe it will be useful for ecological interpretation. 相似文献
14.
本文通过太白山东佛爷池高山湖泊沉积物粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、磁化率、孢粉和植物残体分析结果,结合现代高山林线的植被格局分析,探讨了太白山2300年来的气候变化过程以及高山林线对气候变化的响应机制,结果表明:太白山2000多年以来的气候变化过程划分为以下几个时期:2250～1800aB.P.,1370～650aB.P.以及200aB.P.以后的暖湿期;1800～1530aB.P.的冷湿期;1530～1370aB.P.的暖干期以及650～200aB.P.的冷干期.温度变化过程与历史文献资料得出的平原地区的变化过程基本一致. 相似文献
15.
Mark B. Bush Paul A. Colinvaux Michael C. Wiemann Dolores R. Piperno Kam-biu Liu 《Quaternary Research》1990,34(3)
Paleoecological (pollen, phytolith, and wood) analyses of sediments, radiocarbon dated 33,000 to 26,000 yr B.P., from two sites in Ecuadorian Amazonia provide data that suggest a cooling of ca. 7.5°C below present in equatorial lowlands from 33,000 to 30,000 yr B.P. A period of warning followed in which novel species assemblages, a blend of montane and lowland floral components, persisted for at least 4000 years. These data of forest community change, from sites lying within the postulated glacial rain forest Napo refugium, provide the strongest paleoecological refutation of the refugial hypothesis yet obtained. The large temperature depression at ca. 30,000 yr B.P. allows the possibility that if maximum cooling at the equator was synchronous with the last glacial maximum (LGM) of the northern hemisphere, freezing temperatures would have been experienced in parts of lowland Amazonia between 25,000 and 18,000 B.P. 相似文献
16.
We investigated a well‐dated marine sediment core from the tropical SE Atlantic covering the last 25 kyr, applying taraxerol and Rhizophora pollen as organic geochemical and palynological proxies for mangrove, respectively. Taraxerol records are positively correlated with Rhizophora pollen records, showing an enhanced supply of mangrove materials into deep‐sea environments during the last deglaciation (Termination I). Sedimentation rates peaked during Meltwater Pulses 1A and 1B, which were associated with the maxima of taraxerol and Rhizophora pollen. This study supports the view that mangrove input was dominantly controlled by erosion of mangrove‐rich shelf sediments during the transgressions. Whether reworked materials were penecontemporaneous or from much older deposits formed during previous sea‐level cycles is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
本文依据地处39°28′08″N,110°09′92″E,海拔1219m的伊金霍洛旗杨家湾古土壤剖面取得的高时间分辨率孢粉分析和炭屑含量统计资料揭示:4500aB.P.之前,鄂尔多斯东部的毛乌素沙地地区曾出现明显的流沙扩展,此后,气候变得比较湿润,流动沙丘逐渐被固定下来;4200～3500aB.P.是本区的气候适宜期,这里曾有针阔叶混交林生长;3500aB.P.以后,气候变得干燥起来,森林从本区消失;2700～2400aB.P.,草原植被中藜科植物增加,气候进一步向干的方面发展,但降水量仍比现在高;2400aB.P.以后,在全新世晚期气候变干和人类活动的共同作用下,全新世中期本区发育的黑垆土遭到严重破坏,流动沙丘再次活跃起来。鄂尔多斯杨家湾古土壤剖面的炭屑浓度变化、考古遗址的发现较好地反映了人类活动强度的变化。 相似文献
18.
孢粉记录的岱海盆地1 500年以来气候变化 总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11
根据岱海盆地99A孔1.84m以上地层较高分辨率的孢粉资料,运用中国北方部分科属花粉-气候响应面定量恢复了岱海盆地1500aB.P.以来的七月平均气温和年均降水量。研究结果表明,岱海盆地的气候变化表现出明显的过渡带特征,1500aB.P.以来,七月平均气温除1500～1300aB.P.时段外,多低于现在;1500～980aB.P.岱海盆地的气候变化为温干-冷湿交替,980～400aB.P.以凉干-冷湿交替为特征,400aB.P.以来变为凉干-温湿的交替。980aB.P.以来,伴人植物草、荨麻花粉增加,表明人类活动加剧。是否是人类活动的加剧导致了400aB.P.以后岱海盆地气候变化格局的改变,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
19.
Early Pleistocene vegetation in upland southeastern Australia included diverse rainforests and sclerophyll forests, which alternated on precessional timescales. The nature and timing of transitions between these biomes, and the role of fire in maintaining or driving transitions between them, are uncertain. Here we present a high‐resolution pollen record from Stony Creek Basin, a small Early Pleistocene palaeolake in southeastern Australia. The pollen record documents a pattern of vegetation change, over ca. 10 ka at ca. 1590–1600 ka, between sclerophyll forests, dominated by Eucalyptus, Callitris (Cupressaceae) or Casuarinaceae, and rainforests dominated by either angiosperms or conifers of the family Podocarpaceae. Transitions between these biomes typically occurred within ca. 1–2 ka. The associated charcoal record suggests that greatest biomass combustion occurred when local vegetation was dominated by Eucalyptus, and the least biomass combustion occurred when local vegetation was dominated by Podocarpaceae. However, local fires burnt in both sclerophyll and angiosperm‐dominated rainforest vegetation, at least once every several centuries. Fire was very rare (less than about one fire per millennium) only when the local vegetation was rainforest dominated by Podocarpaceae. This suggests that fire was an irregular presence in both sclerophyll‐ and angiosperm‐dominated rainforest biomes during the late Neogene, though was largely absent in Podocarpaceae‐dominated rainforests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献