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1.
CMIP6不同分辨率全球气候模式对中国降水模拟能力评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于参与CMIP6高分辨率模式比较计划(HighResMIP)9个模式组的18个全球气候模式模拟数据,通过与CN05.1观测资料的对比,评估了不同分辨率气候模式对中国区域1961—2014年降水特征的模拟能力。结果表明:低、高分辨率模式均能模拟出中国区域多年平均降水的总体空间分布特征,以及降水冬弱夏强的季节变化特征,但对降水的模拟都存在系统性偏多的误差;与低分辨率模式结果相比,高分辨率模式对降水空间分布的模拟有明显改善,在青藏高原、华北、华南地区降水模拟的系统性偏差明显减小;与低分辨率模式结果相比,高分辨率模式对年循环变化的模拟效果也更好,多年平均1月及9—12月逐月降水以及年降水的模拟误差均有所减小。对于年际、年代际的前两个主导空间模态,低、高分辨率模式大多无法模拟年代际的第一模态,但对于年际前两个模态以及年代际第二模态,分辨率提高可使半数左右模式组的模拟能力有所改善。  相似文献   

2.
我国气候对植被分布和净初级生产力影响的数值模拟   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
基于0.5°×0.5°经纬网格分辨率的一个全球植被动态模式,利用全国676个雨量站点1961~2000年日资料在0.5°×0.5°网格上插值得到的降水和气温资料作为模式气候强迫,模拟研究了中国区域近40年来的植被动态变化,估算了当前中国区域陆地植被净初级生产力,并分析气候与植被净初级生产力的相关性。结果表明:模拟的植被分布时空格局与实际观测的对应关系良好,模拟与观测的叶面积指数总体上比较一致;植被初级生产力空间分布及总量(约为4.64×1015g.a-1(C))的模拟比较理想。对模拟结果分析显示降水是影响净初级生产力的主要气候因子,而在干旱、半干旱地区温度与植被净初级生产力存在显著负相关关系。研究表明该模式能够比较合理地模拟气候对植被年际动态和生产力变化的影响,对于进一步深入研究气候与植被相互作用是有意义的。  相似文献   

3.
利用东亚地区1961~2005年高分辨率(0.5°×0.5°)降水格点数据和参加CMIP5的42个全球气候模式数值模拟结果,通过对简单降水强度指数(降水距平百分率)的计算,对比分析了观测和多模式集合的中国地区干旱面积、干旱频率的时空分布以及干旱分布型的变化,评估了全球气候模式的模拟能力。结果表明:多个全球气候模式的集合结果对中国区域的干旱变化特征有一定的模拟能力,能较好地模拟出中国年平均干旱指数的时间变化趋势,但模拟的干旱强度偏弱;多模式集合模拟的严重干旱面积与观测值的变化趋势基本一致,与观测相比,模拟的长江以南干旱强度偏强,西北干旱强度偏弱;通过EOF的分析表明,多模式集合可以较好地模拟出西北与长江以南呈反位相及我国东部地区的“旱-涝-旱”或“涝-旱-涝”的分布型。  相似文献   

4.
土壤湿度影响中国夏季气候的数值试验   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
利用"全球土壤湿度计划第2阶段"提供的土壤湿度资料强迫区域气候模式RegCM3,通过数值试验讨论了土壤湿度对东亚夏季气候模拟效果的影响。结果表明,合理考虑土壤湿度的作用,能够提高区域气候模式对中国夏季降水和2 m气温的空间分布型及逐日变化的模拟效果;模拟结果与观测的相关分析显示,降水和2 m气温的年际变化都得到了有效改进,这种改进在气温上尤为明显。不过上述改进具有区域依赖性。数值试验结果表明,气温对土壤湿度的敏感性强于降水,这也从一个侧面说明提高降水模拟效果的难度。总体而言,合理的土壤湿度能够提高区域气候模式对中国夏季气候的模拟能力。因此,合理描述土壤湿度的变化,是提高中国夏季气候预报技巧的潜在途径之一。  相似文献   

5.
CLM4.0模式对中国区域土壤湿度的数值模拟及评估研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
本文利用普林斯顿大学全球大气强迫场资料,驱动公用陆面过程模式(Community Land Model version 4.0,CLM4.0)模拟了中国区域1961~2010年土壤湿度的时空变化。将模拟结果与观测结果、美国国家环境预报中心再分析数据(National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis,NCEP)和高级微波扫描辐射计(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS,AMSR-E)反演的土壤湿度进行了对比分析,结果表明CLM4.0模拟结果可以反映出中国区域观测土壤湿度的空间分布和时空变化特征,但东北、江淮和河套三个地区模拟值相对于观测值在各层次均系统性偏大。模拟与NCEP再分析土壤湿度的空间分布基本一致,与AMSR-E的反演值在35°N以北的分布也基本一致;从1961~2010年土壤湿度模拟结果分析得出,各层土壤湿度空间分布从西北向东南增加。低值区主要分布在新疆、青海、甘肃和内蒙古西部地区。东北平原、江淮地区和长江流域为高值区。土壤湿度数值总体上从浅层向深层增加。不同深度土壤湿度变化趋势基本相同。除新疆西部和东北部分地区外,土壤湿度在35°N以北以减少趋势为主,30°N以南的长江流域、华南及西南地区以增加为主。在全球气候变暖的背景下,CLM4.0模拟的夏季土壤湿度在不同程度上响应了降水的变化。中国典型干旱区和半干旱区土壤湿度减小,湿润区增加。其中湿润区土壤湿度对降水的响应最为显著,其次是半干旱区和干旱区。  相似文献   

6.
利用CLM3.0及普林斯顿大学的全球大气外强迫场资料,对中国地区1948—2001年的土壤湿度进行了off-line模拟,进一步评估了CLM3.0对中国地区土壤湿度的模拟能力。结果表明:模式基本能揭示土壤湿度的空间分布型,即华北干、东北和东南湿二湿一干的分布特征,但模拟值较观测值普遍偏高;就年际变化而言,在5个分区中,云贵地区模拟的年际变化与观测的相关性最好,东北区域次之,模拟的东部中纬度区域的年际变化较差,全区范围内7月的模拟好于4月;模式对于土壤湿度倾向有一定程度的模拟能力,基本能模拟出4月东北东部区域的干化趋势,但模式模拟的变化幅度较观测值偏小很多,其中以黄淮江淮地区模拟的趋势最差。  相似文献   

7.
本文利用1981~2016年的CRUNCEP资料(0.5°×0.5°)作为大气驱动数据,驱动CLM4.5(Community Land Model version 4.5)模式模拟了青藏高原地区1981~2016 年的土壤湿度时空变化。将模拟数据与台站观测资料、再分析资料(ERA-Interim和GLDAS-CLM)和微波遥感FY-3B/MWRI土壤湿度资料对比验证,表明了CLM4.5模拟资料可以合理再现青藏高原地区土壤湿度的空间分布和长期变化趋势。而且基于多种卫星遥感资料建立的较高分辨率(0.1°×0.1°)的青藏高原地表数据更加细致地刻画了土壤湿度的空间变化。对比结果表明:CLM4.5模拟土壤湿度与各个台站观测的时空变化一致,各层土壤湿度的模拟和观测均显著相关,且对浅层的模拟优于深层,但模拟结果比台站观测系统性偏大。模拟与再分析资料和微波遥感资料土壤湿度的空间分布具有一致性,均表现为从青藏高原的西北部向东南部逐渐增加的分布特点,三江源湿地和高原东南部为土壤湿度的高值区,柴达木盆地和新疆塔里木盆地的沙漠地区为低值区,土壤湿度由浅层向深层增加。土壤湿度的长期变化趋势基本表现为“变干—变湿”相间的带状分布,不同层次的土壤湿度变化趋势基本一致。模拟资料也合理地再现了夏季土壤湿度逐月的变化:高原西南地区的土壤湿度明显大范围增加,北部的柴达木盆地的干旱范围也明显的向北收缩,高原南部外围土壤湿度也明显增加,CLM4.5模拟土壤湿度比再分析资料和微波遥感资料更加细致地描述了夏季逐月土壤湿度空间分布及其变化特征。  相似文献   

8.
李梁  杨泽粟  何杭 《干旱气象》2022,(5):791-803
中国北方气候过渡区作为陆-气耦合“热点”区域,水热条件空间梯度大,当前研究较少关注水分和热力因子对蒸散-降水耦合度时空变化的影响,尤其对水热协同影响考虑不足。基于多源融合蒸散、降水、气温和卫星遥感土壤湿度数据,分析中国北方地区蒸散-降水耦合度时空变化特征分别与水、热单因子及两者协同作用的关系。结果表明,中国北方地区蒸散-降水耦合度由西北区域的强正耦合逐渐过渡为东南角和东北角的负耦合。蒸散-降水耦合度随平均土壤湿度降低逐渐增大,随气温变率增大而增强。考虑水热协同作用时,平均土壤湿度和平均气温协同较土壤湿度和气温变率协同对蒸散-降水耦合度空间分布影响更大,起主导作用。时间变化上,耦合度呈春、夏、秋、冬季依次减弱的年内变化,且具有明显的年际波动特征。土壤湿度变率和平均气温是主导中国北方地区蒸散-降水耦合度年内变化的主要因素,平均土壤湿度和土壤湿度变率对蒸散-降水耦合度年际变化的影响突出。考虑协同作用时,平均土壤湿度和气温的年内循环共同决定了蒸散-降水耦合度年内变化,对蒸散-降水耦合度年际变化的影响仅在耦合度最大的半干旱地区显著。研究结果可加深认识陆-气耦合度对陆面状态时空变化的响应特征,为提...  相似文献   

9.
基于NCAR大气模式CAM3.1模式,设计了有、无土壤湿度年际异常两组试验对中国区域近40a(1961-2000年)气候进行了模拟。从气候态和年际变率的角度,通过分析两组试验的差值场来探讨土壤湿度年际异常对气候模拟的影响,并初步探讨了影响的可能机制。结果表明:模式模拟的温度和降水对土壤湿度的年际异常非常敏感,土壤湿度的年际变化对中国春夏季气候及其年际变率均有显著影响。当不考虑土壤湿度年际异常时,模式模拟的春夏季平均温度、最高温度、最低温度在我国大范围内降低,春夏季降水在东部大部分地区明显减少,西部增加。而模式模拟的春夏季温度、降水年际变率在中国大部分地区减弱。但当考虑土壤湿度的年际变化,则能在一定程度上提高模式对气候年际变率的模拟能力。在进一步分析表明土壤湿度年际异常时,主要通过改变地表能量通量和环流场,对温度、降水产生影响。当不考虑土壤湿度年际异常时,地表净辐射通量减少,地表温度降低,感热通量减少。感热通量差值场的空间变化和温度差值场的空间变化一致,感热通量对温度有一定影响。而潜热通量差值场的空间变化和降水的差值场的空间变化一致,可见降水受地表潜热通量的影响。土壤湿度年际异常引起的环流场的变化也是导致气候变化的原因之一,地表能量和环流场年际变率的改变对春夏季气候年际变率存在一定影响。  相似文献   

10.
利用区域环境集成系统模式(RIEMS2.0)在60 km和30 km两种分辨率下进行中国区域的长期模拟试验(1991~2000年),开展不同分辨率下中国气温平均气候态和年际变率的模拟能力分析研究。结果表明:(1)RIEMS2.0能较好模拟出多数分区多年平均气温的空间分布,与观测空间分布较接近。随着水平分辨率的提高,模式模拟的气温空间分布模拟更精细,使得平均气温的模拟冷偏差减小,模拟结果更趋于实测。对年均温和冬季气温来说,中国及多数分区模拟与观测的偏差减少,且通过显著性检验(P0.01);对夏季气温来说,中国及多数分区的偏差增加,气温的模拟能力没有明显提高。(2)对年际变率来说,随着水平分辨率的提高,大部分区域模拟能力有一定程度的提高。特别是年均温和冬季气温的年际变率,多数地区模拟改进效果较好;而夏季气温年际变率的模拟在中国大部分地区没有明显改善。  相似文献   

11.
不同分辨率CCSM4对东亚和中国气候模拟能力分析   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
田芝平  姜大膀 《大气科学》2013,37(1):171-186
本文利用通用气候系统模式CCSM4在三种水平分辨率下的工业化革命前期气候模拟试验,结合观测和再分析资料,比较了各分辨率下模式对中国温度和降水、东亚海平面气压和850 hPa风场的模拟能力,综合评价了模式分辨率对东亚和中国气候模拟的影响.结果表明,三种分辨率对中国温度均具有很好的模拟能力,除春季外,低分辨率(T31,约3.75°×3.75°)对全年温度的模拟能力均要稍好于中(f19,约1.9°×2.5°)、高(f09,约0.9°×1.25°)分辨率;各分辨率对中国降水的模拟能力远不如温度,除冬季外全年都出现的中部地区虚假降水并未因为模式分辨率提高而得到本质改善;对于东亚海平面气压场,低分辨率在冬季模拟能力相对最好,中等分辨率在夏季相对较好,而高分辨率的模拟能力均表现最差;低分辨率对850 hPa东亚冬季风和夏季风的模拟能力均要好于中、高分辨率,而两种较高分辨率的模拟能力则比较接近.总的来说,低分辨率CCSM4在东亚和中国气候模拟中表现出了较大优势,加之其计算代价小,适合进行需要较长时间积分的气候模拟研究.  相似文献   

12.
H. Douville  F. Chauvin 《Climate Dynamics》2000,16(10-11):719-736
In the framework of the Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP), the ISBA land-surface scheme of the ARPEGE atmospheric general circulation model has been forced with meteorological observations and analyses in order to produce a two-year (1987–1988) soil moisture climatology at a 1°×1° horizontal resolution. This climatology is model dependent, but it is the climatology that the ARPEGE model would produce if its precipitation and radiative fluxes were perfectly simulated. In the present study, ensembles of seasonal simulations (March to September) have been performed for 1987 and 1988, in which the total soil water content simulated by ARPEGE is relaxed towards the GSWP climatology. The results indicate that the relaxation has a positive impact on both the model's climatology and the simulated interannual variability, thereby confirming the utility of the GSWP soil moisture data for prescribing initial or boundary conditions in comprehensive climate and numerical weather prediction models. They also demonstrate the relevance of soil moisture for achieving realistic simulations of the Northern Hemisphere summer climate. In order to get closer to the framework of seasonal predictions, additional experiments have been performed in which GSWP is only used for initialising soil moisture at the beginning of the summer season (the relaxation towards GSWP is removed on 1st June). The results show a limited improvement of the interannual variability, compared to the simulations initialised from the ARPEGE climatology. However, some regional patterns of the precipitation differences between 1987 and 1988 are better captured, suggesting that seasonal predictions can benefit from a better initialisation of soil moisture.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical disturbances in a GCM   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
We have analyzed the tropical disturbances in a 11-layer atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) on a 2.5° × 3.75° horizontal grid coupled to a 50 m-mixed layer ocean. Due to the coarse resolution, the GCM is unable to resolve adequately tropical cyclones. The tropical disturbances simulated by the GCM are much weaker and have a much larger horizontal extent. However, they still display much of the essential physics of tropical cyclones, including low-level convergence of mass and moisture, upper tropospheric outflow and a warm core. For most ocean basins the spatial and temporal distribution of the simulated tropical disturbances compares well with the observed tropical cyclones. On doubling the CO2 concentration, the number of simulated tropical disturbances increases by about 50%. There is a relative increase in the number of more intense tropical disturbances, whose maximum windspeed increases by about 20%. This agrees with the theoretical estimate of Emanuel. However, because the low-resolution of the GCM severely restricts their maximum possible intensity, simulated changes in tropical disturbance intensity should be interpreted cautiously.  相似文献   

14.
Modeling the tropical Pacific Ocean using a regional coupled climate model   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
A high-resolution tropical Pacific general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a global atmospheric GCM is described in this paper. The atmosphere component is the 5°×4°global general circulation model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) with 9 levels in the vertical direction. The ocean component with a horizontal resolution of 0.5°, is based on a low-resolution model (2°×1°in longitude-latitude).Simulations of the ocean component are first compared with its previous version. Results show that the enhanced ocean horizontal resolution allows an improved ocean state to be simulated; this involves (1) an apparent decrease in errors in the tropical Pacific cold tongue region, which exists in many ocean models,(2) more realistic large-scale flows, and (3) an improved ability to simulate the interannual variability and a reduced root mean square error (RMSE) in a long time integration. In coupling these component models, a monthly "linear-regression" method is employed to correct the model's exchanged flux between the sea and the atmosphere. A 100-year integration conducted with the coupled GCM (CGCM) shows the effectiveness of such a method in reducing climate drift. Results from years 70 to 100 are described.The model produces a reasonably realistic annual cycle of equatorial SST. The large SSTA is confined to the eastern equatorial Pacific with little propagation. Irregular warm and cold events alternate with a broad spectrum of periods between 24 and 50 months, which is very realistic. But the simulated variability is weaker than the observed and is also asymmetric in the sense of the amplitude of the warm and cold events.  相似文献   

15.
Evaluation of a WRF dynamical downscaling simulation over California   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
This paper presents results from a 40 year Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) based dynamical downscaling experiment performed at 12 km horizontal grid spacing, centered on the state of California, and forced by a 1° × 1.25° finite-volume current-climate Community Climate System Model ver. 3 (CCSM3) simulation. In-depth comparisons between modeled and observed regional-average precipitation, 2 m temperature, and snowpack are performed. The regional model reproduces the spatial distribution of precipitation quite well, but substantially overestimates rainfall along windward slopes. This is due to strong overprediction of precipitation intensity; precipitation frequency is actually underpredicted by the model. Moisture fluxes impinging on the coast seem to be well-represented over California, implying that precipitation bias is caused by processes internal to WRF. Positive-definite moisture advection and use of the Grell cumulus parameterization result in some decrease in precipitation bias, but other sources are needed to explain the full bias magnitude. Surface temperature is well simulated in all seasons except summer, when overly-dry soil moisture results in a several degree warm bias in both CCSM3 and WRF. Additionally, coastal temperatures appear to be too warm due to a coastal sea surface temperature bias inherited from CCSM3. Modeled snowfall/snowmelt agrees quite well with observations, but snow water equivalent is found to be much too low due to monthly reinitialization of all regional model fields from CCSM3 values.  相似文献   

16.
基于6个CMIP6模式的日降水量数据,采用降尺度方法将其统一分辨率到0.25°×0.25°,选取5个极端降水指数从降水气候态、极端性、季节性三个角度对新疆区域1961—2014年历史期降水模拟效果评估。结果表明,降尺度CMIP6模式能较好再现新疆区域降水的空间分布特征,最大年均降水量误差小于30 mm,夏季降水模拟效果最佳相关系数均高于0.8。模式在春秋季对降水的模拟效果差异较小,标准差比值均在1.00 ~ 1.25之间,ACCESS-CM2模拟效果最佳。模式集合均值能模拟出观测降水增多趋势,但低估了降水的年际变率,模拟结果提示新疆80年代的降水转折可能与人类活动有关。在降水极端性和季节性方面,降尺度数据对新疆的极端降水和季节性降水均有较好的模拟性能,降尺度数据对季节性降水的模拟能力(与观测均值误差小于0.001)比原始分辨率的数据(与观测误差大于0.005)效果更好。  相似文献   

17.
陈海山  周晶 《大气科学》2013,37(1):1-13
利用NCARCAM3.1大气环流模式,设计了有、无土壤湿度年际异常的两组数值试验,探讨了土壤湿度年际异常对极端气候事件模拟的可能影响。结果表明,模式模拟的极端气候事件对土壤湿度异常十分敏感,土壤湿度异常对极端气候指标的多年平均空间分布、年际变率以及年际变化均具有重要影响。当不考虑土壤湿度的年际异常时:(1)模拟的暖夜日数、暖昼日数和热浪持续指数的发生频次在全国范围内均明显减少,而霜冻日数则明显增加。极端降水指标的响应表现出明显的空间差异,极端降水频次在江淮流域明显减小,而极端降水强度则表现为东北减弱、长江流域增强;中雨日数和持续湿期在我国大部分地区减少。(2)极端气温指标的年际变率在我国大部分地区呈减小趋势;而极端降水事件的变化则较为复杂,极端降水频次和极端降水强度的年际变率在长江以南有所增强,而北方地区则有所减弱。中雨日数和持续湿期的年际变率在我国呈现出较为一致的减少趋势。(3)模式对暖夜日数、霜冻日数的年际变化的模拟能力明显下降,并对4个极端降水指标的年际变化的模拟能力在全国多数区域均有不同程度的下降。  相似文献   

18.
Deming Zhao 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(7-8):1767-1787
Regional climate models (RCMs) can provide much more precise information on surface characteristics and mesoscale circulation than general circulation models. This potential for obtaining more detailed model results has motivated to a significant focus on RCMs development in East Asia. The Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System, version 2.0 (RIEMS2.0) has been developed from an earlier RCM, RIEMS1.0, at the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for East Asia and Nanjing University. To test the ability of RIEMS2.0 to simulate long-term climate and climate changes in East Asia and to provide a basis for further development and applications, we compare simulated precipitation from 1979 to 2008 (simulation duration from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 2008) to observed meteorological data. The results show that RIEMS2.0 reproduces the spatial distribution of precipitation in East Asia but that the simulation overestimates precipitation. The simulated 30-year precipitation average is 26 % greater than the observed precipitation. Simulated upper and root soil water correlate well with remote sensing derived soil moisture. Annual and interannual variation in the average precipitation and their anomalies are both well reproduced by the model. A further analysis of three subregions representing different latitude ranges shows that there is good correlation and consistency between the simulated results and the observed data. Annual variation, interannual variation of average precipitation, and the anomalies in the three sub-regions are also well captured by the model. The model’s performance on atmospheric circulation and moisture transport simulations is discussed to explore the bias between the simulation and observations. In summary, RIEMS2.0 shows stability and does well in both simulating long-term climate and climate changes in East Asia and in describing subregional characteristics.  相似文献   

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