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1.
用地震活动性参数（地震频度Ｎ，地震能量Ｅ和地震ｂ值）的二维空间等值线计算机扫描技术，系统地追踪了１９８３年菏泽５．９级地震前后三项地震活动性参数的空间动态演化情况。结果表明，菏泽５．９级地震前１－４年，河北平原断陷南部地区特别是其东界聊考断裂带地震活动异常增强，地震频度增高，地震能量释放加速而地震ｂ值降低；地震活动增强区的长度约２００余公里，未来主震发生于地震活动增强区的边缘；震后约一年左右震中周 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,(3)
The Helan Mountains and Yinchuan Basin(HM-YB) are located at the northern end of the North-South tectonic belt,and form an intraplate tectonic deformation zone in the western margin of the North China Craton(NCC).The HM-YB has a complicated history of formation and evolution,and is tectonically active at the present day.It has played a dominant role in the complex geological structure and modern earthquake activities of the region.A 135-km-long deep seismic reflection profile across the HM-YB was acquired in early 2014,which provides detailed information of the lithospheric structure and faulting characteristics from near-surface to various depths in the region.The results show that the Moho gradually deepens from east to west in the depth range of 40-48 km along the profile.Significant differences are present in the crustal structure of different tectonic units,including in the distribution of seismic velocities,depths of intra-crustal discontinuities and undulation pattern of the Moho.The deep seismic reflection profile further reveals distinct structural characteristics on the opposite sides of the Helan Mountains.To the east,The Yellow River fault,the eastern piedmont fault of the Helan Mountains,as well as multiple buried faults within the Yinchuan Basin are all normal faults and still active since the Quaternary.These faults have controlled the Cenozoic sedimentation of the basin,and display a "negative-flower" structure in the profile.To the west,the Bayanhaote fault and the western piedmont fault of the Helan Mountains are east-dipping thrust faults,which caused folding,thrusting,and structural deformation in the Mesozoic stratum of the Helan Mountains uplift zone.A deep-penetrating fault is identified in the western side of the Yinchuan Basin.It has a steep inclination cutting through the middle-lower crust and the Moho,and may be connected to the two groups of faults in the upper crust.This set of deep and shallow fault system consists of both strike-slip,thrust,and normal faults formed over different eras,and provides the key tectonic conditions for the basin-mountains coupling,crustal deformation and crust-mantle interactions in the region.The other important phenomenon revealed from the results of deep seismic reflection profiling is the presence of a strong upper mantle reflection(UMR) at a depth of 82-92 km beneath the HM-YB,indicating the existence of a rapid velocity variation or a velocity discontinuity in that depth range.This is possibly a sign of vertical structural inhomogeneity in the upper mantle of the region.The seismic results presented here provide new clues and observational bases for further study of the deep structure,structural differences among various blocks and the tectonic relationship between deep and shallow processes in the western NCC. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(6)
The Dongsha submarine canyon is a large canyon belonging to a group of canyons on the northeastern South China Sea margin. Investigation of the Dongsha canyon is important for understanding the origin of this canyon group as well as the transport mechanism of sediments on the margin, and the evolution of the Taixinan foreland basin and the associated Taiwan orogenic belt. In this study, the morphology, sedimentary characteristics, and origin of the Dongsha canyon were investigated by integrating high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection profiles and high-precision multibeam bathymetric data. This is a slope-confined canyon that originates in the upper slope east of the Dongsha Islands, extends downslope in the SEE direction, and finally merges with the South Taiwan Shoal canyon at a water depth of 3000 m. The total length and average width of the canyon are around 190 and 10 km, respectively. Eleven seismic sequence boundaries within the canyon fills were identified and interpreted as incision surfaces of the canyon. In the canyon fills, four types of seismic facies were defined: parallel onlap fill, chaotic fill, mounded divergent facies, and migrated wavy facies. The parallel onlap fill facies is interpreted as alternating coarser turbidites or other gravity-flow deposits and fine hemipelagic sediments filling the canyon valley. The chaotic fill facies is presumed to be debrites and/or basal lag deposits filling the thalwegs. The mounded divergent and migrated wavy seismic facies can be explained as canyon levees consisting mainly of overspilled fine turbidites and sediment waves on the levees or on the canyon-mouth submarine fans. Age correlation between the sequence boundaries and the ODP Site 1144 data suggests that the Dongsha canyon was initiated at approximately 0.9 Ma in the middle Pleistocene. Mapping of the canyon indicates that the canyon originated at the upstream portion of the middle reach of the modern canyon, and has been continuously expanding both upstream and downstream by retrogressive erosion, incision, and deposition of turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes. The ages of the sequence boundaries representing major canyon incision events are in good agreement with those of global sea-level lowstands, indicating that sea-level changes may have played an important role in the canyon's development. The Dongsha canyon developed in a region with an active tectonic background characterized by the Taiwan uplifting and the development of the Taixinan foreland basin. However, no evidence suggests that the canyon formation is directly associated with local or regional faulting and magmatic activities. Turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes(including submarine slides and slumps) may have had an important influence on the formation and evolution of the canyon. 相似文献
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Extracting coseismic deformation of the 1997 Mani earthquake with differential interferometric SAR 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction The development and application of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) have a close relationship with the sensors development of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The conception of SAR is proposed comparatively to the real aperture radar antenna. It is well known that the longer the antenna is, the higher the observation resolution will be. Just limited by the length of the antenna, the resolution of real aperture radar is generally very low and cannot meet the r… 相似文献
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太行山南缘盘谷寺断裂新构造运动特征对分析太行山地区构造地貌演化，乃至研判我国东部新构造活动形势具有重要意义。基于Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像数据和ASTER GDEM数据，对盘谷寺断裂线性构造进行初步解释，分析冲沟发育、坡向坡度等构造地貌特征，通过构建遥感影像与高程数据相叠加的三维地貌模型，进一步优化断裂构造地貌视觉效果。研究结果表明，盘谷寺断裂为1条平面呈舒缓波状、近东西走向的南倾正断层。在断裂下盘，由西向东依次发育了密集的平行状侵蚀沟、断层三角面和低矮的侵蚀残丘等多种构造地貌类型，反映了断裂不同部位垂向运动的差异性。构造运动导致断层两盘地表坡向和坡度的明显变化，综合剖面分析结果，认为断裂在新构造期活动强度由西向东逐渐减弱。 相似文献
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综合活动构造与重要活动断裂带的历史及现今强震震源区或破裂分布等资料,南北地震带北段存在长期缺少MSge;7.0地震的破裂空段．为了考察这些空段的地震危险性,首先采用Burgers体黏弹介质模型,计算周围有记载以来的历史强震在空段引起的库仑应力动态演化;其次结合背景地震发生率,采用Dieterich模型分析历史强震对空段地震活动的影响,讨论了空段所在区域的地震发生概率．结果显示,南北地震带北段强震破裂空段的地震危险性程度自高到低依次是:东昆仑活动断裂带东段的若尔盖——九寨沟段、六盘山断裂带中南段空段、香山——天景山段裂中南段同心空段、天祝——大靖空段、西秦岭北缘断裂带中西段、西秦岭北缘断裂带东段．该结果可为南北地震带北段的地震危险性估计提供参考． 相似文献
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3-D geologic architecture of Xiong’an New Area: Constraints from seismic reflection data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dengfa He Shuaiqiang Shan Yuying Zhang Renqi Lu Ruifeng Zhang Yongqian Cui 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(8):1007-1022
Studying the geologic architecture of the Xiong’an New Area will provide important basis for the evaluation of crustal stability, urban planning and infrastructural projects in this region, and it is also of great significance in exploring the occurrence of oil and gas, geothermal, hot dry rock and other resources. The stratigraphic system of the study area is established by using latest high quality seismic reflection and deep borehole data. Characteristics of the major faults developed in the study area are finely depicted with the method of structural analysis. Tectonic evolution of Xiong’an and adjacent areas is reconstructed by using balanced geological cross-section technique. The tectonic activity of the study area is discussed on the basis of the development of secondary faults and the distribution of active earthquakes across the region. This study demonstrates that Xiong’an New Area is located at the transfer zone of the central and northern Jizhong Depression. There are three regional unconformities developed in this area, by which four structural layers are sub-divided. Controlled by the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault, the Daxing fault, the Rongcheng fault and the Niudong fault, the structural framework of the study area is characterized by intervening highs with sags. This structural pattern has an important controlling over the reservoir characteristics, hydrocarbon accumulation and the distribution of geothermal resources and hot dry rock within this region. Rifting in this area began in the early Paleogene, exhibiting typical episodic character and became inactive in Neogene. The development feature of secondary faults along with the distribution of active earthquakes indicate that Xiong’an New Area has been in a relatively stable tectonic setting since the Neogene, while the Baxian Sag and other structural units to the east of it have obviously been in a rather active environment. 相似文献
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Tectonic contrast between the conjugate margins of the South China Sea and the implication for the differential extensional model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The extensional model of the South China Sea(SCS)has been widely studied,but remains under debate.Based on the latest high-quality multi-channel seismic data,bathymetric data,and other obtained seismic profiles,the asymmetric characteristics between the conjugate margins of the SCS are revealed and extensional model of the SCS margin is discussed further.Spatial variation of morphology,basement structure,and marginal faults are discovered among the SCS margin profiles.As for the NS-trending variation,the basement of northern margin displays in the shape of step downwards to the sea,while the basement of southern margin is composed of wide rotated and tilted blocks,without any obvious bathymetric change.The variation also exists in the development of marginal faults between the conjugate margins,and detachment fault system is identified on the southern margin.Along the southern margin from east to west,the Eastern and Southwestern Basins developed different structural units.Based on the tectonic contrast of the conjugate margins,differential extensional model is proposed to explain the spatial variation of the SCS structure,which introduces detachment faults controlling the evolution of the SCS.The upper crust above the detachment fault was deformed by simple shear,while the lower crust and upper mantle below the detachment fault was deformed by pure shear.Because of the different lateral transfer between the upper brittle faulting and the lower ductile extensional regions,there developed marginal plateau(Liyue basin)and outer rise(Zhenghe massif)on the lower plate margin of the Eastern Basin and the Southwestern Basin,respectively.The evolution of the present SCS may be influenced by the diachronous close of the paleo-SCS. 相似文献
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近断层竖向地震动P-Δ效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
竖向效应是近断层地震动的主要特点,竖向地震动对工程结构形成的P-Δ效应是造成结构破坏的主要原因。本文以单自由度体系为研究对象,选取汶川地震的近断层强震数据进行研究,分析竖向地震动所产生P-Δ效应的放大作用特征。分析结果表明汶川地震中,相比于中远场区域,近断层区域内竖向地震动作用所产生的P-Δ效应具有明显的放大作用,且近断层内这种放大作用具有普遍性;当自振周期一定时,不同台站获得地震动的放大系数离散性较小,主要分布于均值附近;其分析结果符合地震动的一般规律,分析结果合理。在此基础上建立了以均值为代表值的放大系数谱,可以与抗震设计反应谱结合使用,从而为活断层附近区域内的结构抗震设计问题提供定量化参考依据。 相似文献
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根据青藏块体东北缘地区的跨断层流动水准测量资料,分别从断层形变异常的空间分布特征,不同断裂带上断层形变平均活动速率的分布和断层形变群体性异常在时间上的分布三个方面进行了统计、对比、分析和研究。结果显示,自2002年以来青藏块体东北缘地区的断层形变异常的主体区域逐步由西向东迁移,地震活动也具由西向东迁移的现象;断层平均活动速率也是东部区偏高。但是,断层形变群体异常在时间上的分布显示目前该区域断层形变异常活动的数量和强度均不十分显著,短期内发生强震的可能性不大。本文提出的方法及初步结论对该区域日常地震预测及震情跟踪工作有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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The uplifting process of the Bogda Mountain during the Cenozoic and its tectonic implication 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Tianshan Mountains have undergone its initial orogeny, extension adjusting and re-orogeny since the Late Paleozoic. The re-orogeny and uplifting process of the orogeny in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are two of most important events in the geological evolution of Euro-Asian continent, which resulted in the formation of the present range-and-basin pattern in topography of the Tianshan Mountains and its adjacent areas. Thermochronology results by the method of fission-track dating of apatite suggest three obvious uplifting stages of the Bogad Mountain Chain re-orogeny during the Cenozoic, i.e. 5.6-19 Ma, 20-30 Ma, and 42-47 Ma. The strongest uplifting stage of the mountain is the second one at 20 -30 Ma, when the mountain uplifted as a whole, and the beginning of re-orogeny was no less than 65 Ma. Furthermore, our studies also show that the uplifting types of the mountain are variable in the dif-ferent time periods, including uplifting of mountain as a whole and differential uplifting. The apparently diversified uplifting processes of the mountain chain are characterized by the migration (or transfor-mation) of the uplifting direction of the mountain from west to east and from north to south, and the main process of mountain extending is from north to south. 相似文献
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简要介绍了合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术、差分干涉雷达测量技术，并对干涉测量精度进行了简单讨论．以西藏玛尼地区为例，通过三通差分干涉处理，获取了玛尼地震同震形变场.结果表明:形变场长200 km、宽115 km．干涉条纹以北东东向发震断层——玛尔盖茶卡断层为中心分布，且基本与发震断层平行；通过对干涉形变图进行分析，发震断层可分为3段，其中西段长约23 km，中段长约60 km，东段长约26 km，整个发震断层共长110 km；震中附近最大隆起斜距向位移量为162.4 cm，断层西侧最大沉降斜距向位移量为103.6 cm，震中最大地面水平位错为7.96 m． 相似文献
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GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DAQINGSHAN DRAINAGE AREA IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF HETAO BASIN 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Daqingshan Fault located in the northern margin of the Hetao Basin has experienced intensive activity since late Quaternary, which is of great significance to the molding of the present geomorphology. Since basin geomorphological factors can be used to reflect regional geomorphological type and development characteristics, the use of typical geomorphology characteristics indexes may reveal the main factors that control the formation of topography. In recent years, more successful research experience has been accumulated by using hypsometric integral(HI) values and channel steepness index(ksn)to quantitatively obtain geomorphic parameters to reveal regional tectonic uplift information. The rate of bedrock uplifting can be reflected by channel steepness index, the region with steep gradient has high rate of bedrock uplifting, while the region with slower slope has low rate of bedrock uplifting. The tectonic uplift can shape the geomorphic characteristics by changing the elevation fluctuation of mountains in study area, and then affect the hypsometric integral values distribution trend, thus, the HI value can be used to reflect the intensity of regional tectonic activity, with obvious indicating effect.
Knick point can be formed by fault activity, and the information of knick point and its continuous migration to upstream can be recorded along the longitudinal profile of stream. Therefore, it is possible and feasible to obtain the information of tectonic activity from the geomorphic characteristics of Daqinshan area. The research on the quantitative analysis of regional large-scale tectonic activities in the Daqingshan area of the Yellow River in the Hetao Basin is still deficient so far. Taking this area as an example, based on the method of hypsometric integral(HI) and channel steepness index(ksn), we use the DEM data with 30m resolution and GIS spatial analysis technology to extract the networks of drainage system and seven sub-basins. Then, we calculate the hypsometric integral(HI) values of each sub-basin and fit its spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, we obtain the values of channel steepness index and its fitting spatial distribution characteristics based on the improved Chi-plot bedrock analysis method. Combining the extraction results of geomorphic parameters with the characteristics of fault activity, we attempt to explore the characteristics of drainage system development and the response of stream profile and geomorphology to tectonic activities in the Daqingshan section of the Yellow River Basin.
The results show that the values of the hypsometric integral in the Daqingshan drainage area are medium, between 0.5~0.6, and the Strahler curve of each tributary is S-shaped, suggesting that the geomorphological development of the Daqingshan area is in its prime, and the tectonic activity and erosion is strong. Continuous low HI value is found in the tectonic subsidence area on the hanging wall of the Daqingshan Fault. The distribution characteristics of the HI value reveal that the Daqingshan Fault controls the geomorphic difference between basin and mountain. Longitudinal profiles of the river reveal the existence of many knick points. The steepness index of river distributes in high value along the trend of mountain which lies in the tectonic uplift area on the footwall of the Daqingshan Fault. It reflects that the bedrock uplift rate of Daqingshan area is faster. The distribution characteristics of the channel steepness index show that the uplift amplitude of Daqingshan area is strong and the bedrock is rapidly uplifted, which is significantly different from the subsidence amplitude in the depression basin at the south margin of the fault, indicating that the main power source controlling the basin mountain differential movement comes from Daqingshan Fault. Based on the comparison and analysis on tectonic, lithology and climate, there is no obvious corresponding relationship between the difference of rock erosion resistance and the change of geomorphic parameters, and the precipitation has little effect on the geomorphic transformation of Daqingshan area, and its contribution to the geomorphic development is limited. Thus, we think the lithology and rainfall conditions have limited impact on the hypsometric integral, longitudinal profiles of the river and channel steepness index. Lithology maybe has some influences on the channel knick points, while tectonic activity of piedmont faults is the main controlling factor that causes the unbalanced characteristics of the longitudinal profile of the channel and plays a crucial role in the development of the channel knick points. So, tectonic activity of the Daqingshan Fault is the main factor controlling the uplift and geomorphic evolution of the Daqingshan area. 相似文献
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十屋断陷位于松辽盆地东南隆起区南端,是一个断坳叠置型复合盆地,下部为西断东超单断箕状盆地,地层由西向东部斜坡区逐层超覆.本文通过对700多平方公里三维地震资料的解释成果研究认为,十屋断陷的构造特征呈 “三隆两凹”特征,三隆分别为：中央构造带、秦家屯-艾家构造带和皮家构造带;而其间由两个凹带（十屋深凹区、小宽深凹区）所分割.十屋断陷深层油气主要聚集在这三个构造带上.三个构造带的产生原因与基底断层密切相关.营城组末期和登娄库组末期的构造运动对油气的早期生成和聚集都起到至关重要的作用,在这两期形成的局部构造都是油气聚集的重要场所. 相似文献
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在新丰江库区布设一个范围约50 km×40 km、由50个地震临时台站组成的观测台阵,接收来自不同方位的人工震源产生的莫霍界面反射波;台阵中的20个台站和5个区域固定台还对2009年3月至2010年5月发生在库区的地方震进行了观测.本文联合利用人工地震莫霍面反射波走时和天然地震直达波走时,采用连续模型反演技术重建了库区上地壳P波、S波慢度扰动和Vp/Vs扰动分布图像.研究结果表明:新丰江库区东、西部地区上地壳结构存在明显的差异.库区东部地区构造复杂,多条断裂在该区呈交叉状分布.北西向的石角-新港-白田断裂带在库区段内具有复杂的岩性和构造特征,该断裂带在新港至双塘一线可能延伸至地下8 km左右;近北东向的断裂带切割地壳较深.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区存在上、下贯通的波速比高值区,尤其是大坝以西的深水峡谷区,存在一条顺河走向的陡倾角断层裂隙带,为库水渗透提供了良好通道.库区西部地区为相对稳定构造区,完整坚硬的花岗岩体透水性能较差,受库水渗透影响很小.新丰江水库诱发地震的形成与深部构造环境密切相关.峡谷区及大坝以东附近地区上地壳介质性质呈现明显的横向不均匀性,微震分布在介质物性结构的特定部位,"软"、"硬"交错的介质环境是倾滑正断层型微小震产生的可能原因. 相似文献
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地震事件中,断层破裂面的倾角大小直接影响到地表强地震动的分布状态,尤其在断陷盆地中,强地面运动特征还可能受到盆地结构及盆地内多条围限断层的影响.本文模拟了银川断陷盆地内的活动断层--银川隐伏断层南段发生Mw6.5特征地震时,断层破裂面倾角在30°~85°范围内变化时引起的强地面运动,探讨了断层破裂面倾角变化对盆地内强地面运动分布特征和强度的影响.结果表明:破裂面倾角较缓时,银川盆地内的强地面运动分布区域不仅仅决定于发震断层的产状,同时还受到断层上盘距离最近的芦花台断层的影响,致使强地面运动集中于两条断层所围限的区域;随着发震断层破裂面的倾角逐渐增大,强地面运动以发震断层产状的影响为主,强震集中区向发震断层靠近并分布于发震断层上盘,且沿断层走向方向出现了强度不同的地震动反射区;尤其是发震断层破裂面倾角接近垂直时,受银川盆地"西陡东缓"结构和盆地西边界贺兰山东麓断裂反射作用的影响,竖向地震动反射区强度在远离发震断层的西北方向明显增大,致使芦花台断层附近区域与银川断层南段上盘区域成为地震发生时可能遭受震害最严重的地区.本文探讨结果提醒我们在类似区域的活动断层附近进行建(构)筑规划和地震工程设计时,有必要考虑发震断层破裂面倾角大小和盆地内其它断层构造的共同影响,综合评价潜在地震对盆地内近断层地表及各类建(构)筑物的危害性. 相似文献
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汉中盆地是青藏高原、 秦岭与大巴山—龙门山差异隆升区中间的新生代断陷盆地, 是重要的地质体连结点. 通过新近开展的汉中市活断层探测工作中的地面地质调查、 浅层地震勘探与钻孔联合地质剖面分析等工作认为, 汉中盆地内部存在一条活动断裂, 即梁山南缘断裂. 浅层地震勘探资料显示, 梁山南缘断裂错断多套第四纪以来的地层, 错距自下而上逐渐减小. 钻孔联合地质剖面显示, 梁山南缘断裂错断晚更新世中晚期以来的砾砂及卵石层, 距今58 ka的砾砂层错距约为6 m. 这些现象首次揭示了汉中盆地内部梁山南缘断裂的最新活动时代和活动性质. 相似文献
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海南岛曾发生1605年琼山7.5级大震,现今小震多分布在东北缘的南北向地震条带及九所—陵水断裂中东段,马鞍岭—雷虎岭火山群具有潜在喷发危险.新构造运动包括垂直与水平运动.本文采用2009—2014年多期GNSS观测资料及1970 s、1990 s、2013年精密水准资料揭示现今地壳运动特征及断裂活动性,结果表明水平运动以SEE向为主,与华南地块运动一致;南北向小震条带附近以左旋拉张为主,基线变化表明运动具间歇性.岛北部垂直运动在1970 s表现为以海口—屯昌为界的东升西降,以王五—文教断裂为界的南北两侧分段性差异运动.1970 s—1990 s年环岛水准资料揭示相对秀英港水准基点,点位以上升运动为主,且西南相对东北上升,地壳以继承性运动为主.其中琼北垂直运动与1970 s相反.1990 s—2013年资料揭示点位运动趋势与上一时段相反,主要为文昌—琼海—万宁一带上升和其他测点的相对下沉.由形变及地球物理等研究结果推测东北缘小震由铺前—博鳌断裂活动引起.马袅—铺前断裂以北盘下降为主;九所—陵水断裂东段活动大于西段.地震、形变等资料表明现今火山活动平静. 相似文献