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1.
莱州湾南岸潍河下游地区咸水入侵灾害成因及特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过对莱州湾南岸咸水入侵较严重地潍河下游地区晚更新世以来沉积特征及现代自然环境条件变化的分析，探讨了沉积相对咸水入侵产生及空间范围特征的环境机理。晚更新世以来的三次海平面升降变化造成了潍河下游地区海陆沉积环境交替，形成了巨厚的海陆交互相沉积层。海进时期，大面积的滨海平原被淹没，在近海平原洼地滞留的海水经过蒸发、浓缩变为卤水，成为咸水入侵的物源；海退后陆源碎屑在滨海地区沉积形成了巨厚的古河道砂层。20世纪70年代末期以来，随着对地下淡水的过度开采，淡咸水水头压力差减小．卤水通过古河道砂层快速南侵。通过对潍河下游地区100余个地质钻孔水化学连续监测资料分析，阐明了咸水入侵的特征，有针对性地提出了咸水入侵的防治措施。 相似文献
2.
基于研究区施工的39个第四系浅层钻孔资料,通过系统采集粒度、孢粉、自然重砂、14C等样品,对研究区晚更新世以来地层结构、沉积类型及沉积相等进行了详细研究。结果表明,黑土湖组沉积早于10154BP,临沂组以1500~3500BP为主要沉积时期。晚更新世—全新世以来气候经历了温凉偏干、温暖湿润、趋于温凉3个阶段。粒度分析表明,于泉组为河床河漫滩沉积;第四纪沉积物主要来源为北侧胶北基岩隆起区,搬运距离短。对研究区第四纪沉积物按成因类型进行沉积相划分与对比,初步建立了沉积模式。 相似文献
3.
对廊坊地区LFK 1钻孔沉积岩心进行了系统的岩性、年龄以及沉积相的分析。研究发现: 该钻孔剖面主要揭露了中更新统以来的沉积地层变化,以湖泊相和三角洲相沉积为主,其中,中更新统杨柳青组为三角洲相沉积,晚更新世以来为湖泊相沉积,进入全新世湖泊面积减小直至消失。[JP2]其中,全新统厚14.2 m,上更新统欧庄组厚179.3 m,中更新统杨柳青组厚56.1 m。廊坊地区晚第四纪沉积环境经历了从三角洲-湖泊-湖泊干涸的演化过程。其演化过程与深海氧同位素所反映的气候变化过程呈正相关。 相似文献
4.
本文以河南省平原区第四纪地层宏观特征和古地磁划分曲地层时代为基础以44个钻孔中的707个孢粉样品分析资料为依据,把我省第三纪末期以来的气候演变分为9个气候期,其中有5个暖期,4个冷期。暖期主要发生在晚第三纪末期、早更新世中期、中更新世早期、晚更新世早期和全新世。冷期发生在早更新世的早期和晚期、中更新世的晚期和晚更新世的晚期。在大的气候期中,同样也有小的气候波动。暖期的植被多以针阔叶混交林—草原型为主;冷期以疏林或针叶林—草原型为主。这些气候期的划分,与重矿物、氧化物和地层宏观特征等资料相吻合。根据孢粉资料,进入第四纪以来,冷期时段愈来愈短,冷的程度愈来愈弱,但干燥程度逐渐增强,尤其是晚更新世晚期是第四纪最干燥时期。前三次冷期,在西都山区发生了冰川,形成了冰川地形;平原区形成了冰川,冰水堆积物。 相似文献
5.
第四纪地质对开发利用第四纪资源和城市地质安全具有重要意义。基于在北京市通州区南部永乐店镇实施的第四系钻孔TB02,通过系统的岩芯观察和编录、测井资料分析、AMS 14C测年和古地磁测年等手段,结合粒度参数指标特征,对钻孔TB02进行年代地层划分,并对沉积特征进行了探讨。结果表明：北京平原区东南缘第四系底界埋深为276.21 m,中更新统底界埋深为97.75 m,上更新统底界埋深为39.32 m,全新统底界埋深为6.40 m;钻孔TB02沉积物以细粒物质为主,具有较好的分选性,呈现远源沉积的特征;沉积水动力环境在2 588、1 539及781 ka发生了3次比较明显的变化。第四纪以来,北京平原区东南缘环境演化规律表现为：早更新世早期,沉积水体快速加深,以湖相沉积为主,沉积环境稳定且水动力较弱;早更新世晚期,主要发育河流沉积,陆源碎屑供给较充足,沉积水动力较强;中更新世以来,为泛滥平原沉积,水动力减弱,以沉积细粒物质为主,沉积地貌逐渐定型,形成了广阔的平原区。 相似文献
6.
川中地区寒武系洗象池群由于缺乏生物化石,岩性、电性变化小,利用传统的岩心和测井等资料很难精确地划分层序。自然伽马能谱测井Th、U、K曲线的突变点能指示层序界面和最大海泛面,其Th/U和Th/K曲线不仅能够反映沉积时的氧化还原环境,还可以反映沉积水体的变化,将沉积旋回记录下来。再通过小波变换技术进行多尺度分解,得到不同级数的小波曲线。以GT2井为主要研究对象,对Th/U曲线进行多波基分解,对比发现Dmeyer小波为最优选。结合碳同位素正漂移事件,对小波变换后得到的小波曲线Th/U-d8分析,总结出2种层序划分地质模型,并将洗象池群划分为4个三级层序、8个体系域,每个三级层序由海侵体系域和高位体系域构成。同时选取了分辨率更高的小波曲线Th/U-d7和Th/U-d6曲线对四级和五级层序进行精细划分,共划分11个四级层序和25个五级层序,分别以三级层序和四级层序刻画了沉积期的相对海平面变化。该研究有助于对川中洗象池群进行精细的层序划分,推进其沉积演化与储层发育特征研究。 相似文献
7.
以内蒙古中部必鲁图厚度250cm的浅井湖泊剖面为研究对象,根据取得的6个光释光法测年数据,建立晚更新世晚期56.8ka以来的年代序列,对湖泊沉积特征、粒度组成、Rb与Sr含量(质量分数)之比、氧化物含量及其比值等地球化学特征进行分析,并通过综合研究各指标的气候环境指示意义,重建该地区晚更新世晚期以来的气候环境演变过程。结果表明:该地区晚更新世晚期以来气候环境变化可以分为5个阶段。第1阶段,56.8～49.5ka,沉积物有机质较丰富,化学风化作用较强,以温干偏湿气候为主;第2阶段,49.5～41.3ka,化学风化较弱,水热条件较差,气候冷干偏湿;第3阶段,41.3～20.8ka,气候转为暖湿,化学风化作用最强,为升温高降水期,末次冰期间冰段,间有小的冷湿、温干波动;第4阶段,20.8～8.2ka,各项地球化学指标均发生突变,砂楔发育,气候恶化,持续干冷,期间存在末次冰期最盛期;第5阶段,8.2～0ka,气候以温干为主,晚期气候向凉干转变趋势明显。 相似文献
8.
依据工程地质调查、土工试验、~(14)C测年及古生物鉴定,从莱州湾滨海地区的早全新世高黏粒软土中识别出3种古地理沉积环境。分析发现,软土黏粒含量高、呈暗色调,属埋藏型。颗粒级配、压缩模量等物理力学指标差异则指示了同期异相沉积软土的工程地质特征。采取Q型聚类分析,将莱州湾早全新世高黏粒软土划分为下三角洲相沉积软土、潮平相沉积软土、湖沼相沉积软土。通过统计分析,掌握了滨海区软土工程地质特性,为合理选取土工试验参数提供沉积学依据,为合理利用天然地基提供参考。 相似文献
9.
为揭示古气候变化对大同盆地第四纪含水层中砷(As)富集的影响,对盆地中部的第四系沉积物钻孔样品 进行了地球化学分析.结果表明,大同盆地第四系沉积物中的铁矿物、黏土矿物以及有机质均为 As的重要赋存 载体.根据沉积物地球化学特征,可将沉积物由深到浅依次划分为４层,分别对应中更新世暖湿期、中更新世干 冷期、末次间冰期暖湿期及末次冰期的干冷期.暖湿期沉积物中的 As及铁矿物、黏土矿物、有机质含量均明显高 于干冷期,说明暖湿气候更有利于铁矿物、黏土矿物和有机质在沉积物中埋藏堆积,促进了沉积物中 As的富集. 相似文献
10.
燕山地区冀北坳陷中元古界蓟县系杨庄组主要为一套碳酸盐岩沉积。通过对该地区野外仔细观察、测量,结合室内薄
片资料和地球化学分析,认为该区杨庄组沉积相为碳酸盐岩台地相,可进一步划分碳酸盐岩潮坪亚相以及潮上带、潮间带2种微
相。在此基础上,结合层序界面特征,对杨庄组层序进行了探讨,由于研究区在杨庄期处于浅水陆表海沉积环境,层序界面主要以
浅水环境的沉积物及沉积构造作为识别标志。沉积体系域以海侵体系域和高位体系域为主,普遍缺少低位体系域或陆棚边缘体
系域,同时,也不具备形成凝缩层的环境,以最大海泛面沉积物与深海中的凝缩层相对应,最终划分出1个二级层序和3个三级层
序。系统地阐述了每个层序的岩石、构造及体系域等特征。 相似文献
片资料和地球化学分析,认为该区杨庄组沉积相为碳酸盐岩台地相,可进一步划分碳酸盐岩潮坪亚相以及潮上带、潮间带2种微
相。在此基础上,结合层序界面特征,对杨庄组层序进行了探讨,由于研究区在杨庄期处于浅水陆表海沉积环境,层序界面主要以
浅水环境的沉积物及沉积构造作为识别标志。沉积体系域以海侵体系域和高位体系域为主,普遍缺少低位体系域或陆棚边缘体
系域,同时,也不具备形成凝缩层的环境,以最大海泛面沉积物与深海中的凝缩层相对应,最终划分出1个二级层序和3个三级层
序。系统地阐述了每个层序的岩石、构造及体系域等特征。 相似文献
11.
The distributions of thickness of unconsolidated Quaternary sedimentary layers in Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao offshore area were studied by using 1079-km high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and drilling core data, and the factors controlling the Quaternary evolution were discussed. The results show that such thickness distributions resulted from the coactions of geologic structures and marine hydrodynamic conditions since the Holocene. The geologic structures controlled the slope deposit, proluvial and fluvial fillings since the late Pleistocene. Holocene marine hydrodynamics eroded away sediments at the bay mouth, and tides carried these eroded materials to the sides of the bay mouth and released them there, forming channel-ridge-alternating geomorphic features. During transgressive processes, the sea level rose rapidly, and insufficient sediment supply and tidal actions yielded the relict sediments in the east of Qingdao offshore area. 相似文献
12.
Yan Liu Chunyan Ma Daidu Fan Qianli Sun Jing Chen Maotian Li Zhongyuan Chen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(6):1301-1308
The Holocene environmental evolution in coastal area, including deltas and estuaries, is vital to the Neolithic colonization in the eastern China. A 29-m long sediment core XL was obtained from the region between the Taihu Lake and Qiantang Estuary, and multiple analyses on the core sediments have been done to investigate the evolution history of the inner coastal zone of Hangzhou Bay during the Holocene. Six sedimentary facies are identified since the late Pleistocene, including the paleosol at the bottom, overlain by tidal-flat-channel complex(TFC), tidal-distributary-channel(TDC), inner estuarine basin(IEB), subtidal-to-intertidal-flat, and fluvial-plain facies. The TFC and TDC facies are dated to be formed before 8500 cal yr BP, featured by relatively coarse sediments, high magnetic properties and less abundant foraminifera, denoting the tide-influenced setting with large terrestrial inputs. The IEB facies characterized by the most abundant foraminifera fossils and the lowest sediment magnetic properties, is inferred to be deposited during the maximum flooding period between 8500 and 7900 cal yr BP. The branch estuary was then infilled by local sediments with a shallowing-upward subtidal-to-intertidal sequence during 7900–4300 cal yr BP. At last the fluvial plain system developed since no later than 4300 cal yr BP, favouring the rapid development of Neolithic cultures in the region. 相似文献
13.
自释光现象被用于沉积物测年的半个多世纪以来,释光测年技术已被广泛应用于各类海洋沉积物的年代测定,为古环境古气候和构造活动及地形地貌演变等研究提供了高精度年代学约束的同时,释光测年技术的精度和准确性也取得了长足发展。在系统回顾和总结海洋沉积物释光测年的发展历史基础上,详细讨论了释光测年技术在海洋沉积物测年中的研究现状,总结了全球海洋沉积物释光测年研究的特点。海洋沉积物的沉积埋藏过程相对复杂,部分晒退现象普遍存在,饱和含水的沉积环境导致环境剂量精确测定存在一定困难。因此在海洋沉积物年代测定和计算过程中需要根据实际情况对样品的释光性质进行分析,选择合适的等效剂量测试方法,并使用合适的环境剂量校正方法进行年代计算。释光测年方法在晚更新世以来海洋沉积物测年中表现出了独特的优势,释光测年目标矿物在海洋沉积物中普遍存在,并且随着近年来研究的不断深入,测年精度也得到了明显的提高,可以为晚更新世以来的海洋沉积物研究提供高精度的绝对年代地层格架。 相似文献
14.
通过对172 km的高分辨率浅地层剖面与6个钻孔的综合对比,对丁字湾近岸海底沉积物进行细分,自上而下划分为D0,D1,D2,D3共4个反射界面,SU1,SU2,SU3共3个沉积单元,该文总结了每个沉积单元的埋深、分布及特征,按照各个层序形成时的相对海平面位置及其升降变化态势,划分了海侵、低位、高位3个体系域,分别对应滨海相、陆相、滨海相沉积相。查明了丁字湾近岸浅地层结构及沉积特征,为该区的发展规划、海洋工程建设提供地质依据。 相似文献
15.
黄河三角洲高效生态经济区是具有国家战略地位的重要生态经济区,该地区的海岸带地处海陆交接地带,属于陆缘海海岸带,生态环境脆弱,区域海岸带地形地貌系统性阐述甚少。在开展该区域生态地质环境调查的基础上,结合实际调查情况及以往文献的研读,对该地区海岸带地形地貌、岸滩地貌类型及特征进行了系统性归纳总结。整个黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的海岸带地貌分黄河三角洲粉砂淤泥质海岸、莱州湾南岸潍北平原区粉砂淤泥质海岸、莱州砂质海岸3个部分。岸滩类型分为黄河三角洲岸段冲淤平衡潮滩、侵蚀潮滩、淤积潮滩3种及莱州湾岸段侵蚀潮滩及侵蚀砂质海滩2种。 相似文献
16.
Strom surges are not only determined by the atmospheric forcing,but also influenced by the coastal geometry and bathymetry.The Bohai Sea,as one of China’s marginal seas,is seriously harmed by storm surges,especially those caused by cold-air outbreaks.As the coastline of the Bohai Sea has changed evidently these years,storm surges may have new characteristics due to the changes in the local geometry.This paper aims to find out these new characteristics by primarily investigating the influence of the changes in the local geometry on storm surges with numerical methods.20 scenarios were constructed based on the track and inten-sity of the cold-air outbreaks to describe the actual situation.By analyzing the model results of the control scenarios,it is found that the main changes of the maximum surge elevation occur in the Bohai Bay and the Laizhou Bay.At the top of the Bohai Bay,the maximum surge elevation is obviously decreased,while in the Laizhou Bay,it is enhanced by the growing Yellow River Delta.This,however,does not suggest that the storm surges in the Laizhou Bay become more serious.A comparison of the risk assessment of storm surges in the Tanggu,Huanghua and Yangjiaogou regions shows that the risk of storm surges in these coastal areas is lightened by the evolvement of the coastal geometry.Particularly near Yangjiaogou,though the maximum surge elevation becomes higher to subject more areas to risk,the risk is still reduced by the evolvement of the Yellow River Delta. 相似文献
17.
SEAWATER INTRUSION TYPES AND REGIONAL DIVISIONS IN THE SOUTHERN COAST OF LAIZHOU BAY 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The southern coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, is one of the areas in China most seriously impacted by seawater intrusion. Based on the sources of intruding waterbedies, seawater intrusion can be divided into two types: intrusion of saline water derived from modern seawater, and intrusion of subsurface brine and saline water derived from paleo-seawater in shallow Quaternary sediments. There are some distinct differences in their formation, mechanism and damage. The subsurface brine intrusion is a special type, which can cause very serious disaster. The coastal landform and the Quaternary hydrogeological environment are predominant factors in the classification of seawater intrusion types. Various coastal environments in different coastal sections result in three types of intrusion: seawater intrusion, saline groundwater intrusion, and mixed seawater and saline water intrusion, in the southern coast of Laizhou Bay, which can be divided into four areas: the sea-water intrusion area in the northern Laizhou City coast, the mixed seawater and saline groundwater intrusion area in the Baisha River-Jiaolai River mouth plain area, the mixed seawater and saline groundwater intrusion area in the Weihe River mouth plain area northern Changyi county coast, and the saline ground-water intrusion area in the northern Shouguang plains. 相似文献
18.
末次冰期后,在全新世大暖期及区域沉降的影响下,渤海湾沿岸普遍发育海侵现象,位于莱州湾南岸的潍北平原区在经历全新世最大海泛面后,海水退却过程中留下了数条古海岸线,形成了多处贝壳堤、牡蛎礁等海岸带遗迹。研究区内新发现常家村、后柳家2处牡蛎礁,其14C年龄分别为（5130±30）a B.P.和（6030±30） a B.P.;通过对区内全新世海陆交互相沉积关系及海相地层分布规律的研究,结合已有测年数据与近现代遥感影像数据,对潍北平原区全新世以来的海陆变迁进行了总结,恢复了自6000 a B.P.至公元1989年间的6条海岸线。 相似文献
19.
Seismic stratigraphic analysis of 150 km of high-resolution seismic profiles (GEO-PULSE and 3.5 kHz) obtained along the muddy coast off Taishan, Guangdong provided valuable information on the offshore Quaternary stratigraphy, tectonics, sedimentary evolution, and environmental and engineering geology of this area. The following late Quaternary stratigraphic sequences were mapped. (1) Pleistocene alluvial silty sand and shallow marine clay; (2) coarse fluvial channel sand; (3) nearshore and bay clayey sediments. The incision of fluvial channels occurred in two stages: dttring the Late Pleistocene and at the beginning of the Holocene. The Pleistocene fluvial channels have been filled by coarses and overlain by more than 10 m of late Pleistocene clay and 20 - 30 m of Holocene clay. The coastal area is dissected by two major fault systems: the first group strikes ENE-WSW and controls the evolution of the adjacent Quaternary basin, while the second one trends NNE-SSW. These fault systems must be taken into account in any coastal engineering considerations. In addition, both granitic and metamorphic basements were recognized. 相似文献