共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
基于性能的抗震设计,要求工程师设计出具有预期抗震性能的结构,一个关键因素是地震作用的确定,这在很大程度上取决于局部场地条件。通过收集和分析北京、苏州和唐山城区956个钻孔资料,建立地表20 m和30 m深土层走时平均剪切波速VS20和VS30的关系式;现场钻探获取北京城区深105 m的典型钻孔原状土样,试验给出各类土体动剪切模量和阻尼比曲线;建立北京城区170个钻孔的场地反应计算模型,采用Nakamura提出的HVSR法和陈国兴等提出的弱震法估算场地基本周期TS值,结合国内外现行抗震规范的场地分类及一些学者对场地分类的研究成果,提出两种新的场地分类建议方案：基于等效剪切波速VSE和覆盖土层厚度H（地表至剪切波速VS ≥ 500 m/s的基岩深度）的双指标场地分类方案及基于VSE、H和TS的三指标场地分类方案。提出的场地分类方案对我国现行抗震规范场地分类方法的改进有参考价值。 相似文献
2.
Thomas Foulon Ali Saeidi Romain Chesnaux Miroslav Nastev Alain Rouleau 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(1):74-86
The spatial distribution of soil shear-wave velocity and the fundamental period of vibration were selected as input parameters for the determination of potential seismic site effects in the Saguenay region, Canada. The methodology used in this study involved three clear steps. First, a 3D geological model of the surficial deposits was built taking into consideration the type, spatial distribution and thickness of the deposits. Second, representative average Vs values were determined for each of the major soil units. Finally, the average shear-wave velocity from the ground surface to bedrock (Vsav), the shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m (Vs30) and the fundamental site resonance period (T0) were calculated over a regular grid for the study area. The results include the spatial distribution of the fundamental site resonance period, the average shear-wave velocity in the first 30 m of the ground and the spatial distribution of National Building Code of Canada seismic soil classes for the Saguenay region. 相似文献
3.
Shafiee Ali Kamalian Mohsen Jafari Mohammad Kazem Hamzehloo Hossein 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(1):481-505
An important step in effectively reducing seismic risk and the vulnerability of a city located in an earthquake prone area
is to conduct a ground motion microzonation study for the desired return period. The International Institute of Earthquake
Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) initiated a number of seismic microzonation projects for Iran. This paper presents the
steps followed by IIEES in ground motion microzonation. IIEES performs both probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard
analysis. IIEES uses his own fault map for seismotectonic studies and develops modulus and damping curves for the soils in
the study area. The experience of ground motion microzonation shows that in almost all cases, the estimated 475-year peak
ground acceleration (PGA) values are higher than the PGA proposed by the Iranian seismic code. Although ground motion microzonation
in Iran has some shortcomings, IIEES is making new improvement. This includes development in deterministic seismic hazard
analysis, two-dimensional and three-dimensional modelling of basin and topographical effects, using microtremor measurements
to find shear-wave velocity profiles in high-density urban areas and providing maps for spectral acceleration in the study
area. 相似文献
4.
Cyclic sedimentation and lateral facies changes make coal bed correlations inconclusive and difficult. This uncertainty can be further complicated if a coal basin has been structurally deformed.Coal macerals can be studied to indicate the nature and degree of coalification. Their use in coal bed correlation, however, is limited. Most of the trace elements and their ratios that have been studied show significant within-bed lateral and stratigraphic variations, and thus are not effective in correlating coal beds regionally.Geochemically coherent groups of elements, such as rare earth elements (REE) and platinum group elements (PGE), appear to be highly differentiated in coal-forming environments. Geochemical coherent elemental triads appear to be useful for coal bed identification or fingerprinting. The best triad which was demonstrated to be effective in coal bed characterization in western Kentucky, is that of Al, La and Sc. These three elements are highly correlated with one another and they can be determined accurately and simultaneously with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA).The elemental triad AlLaSc is used to identify and fingerprint three key coal beds in western Kentucky: the Springfield (western Kentucky No. 9), the Davis (western Kentucky No. 6), and the Mining City and Dawson Springs are both considered to be the No. 4 coal bed in western Kentucky). Four distinct groupings can be recognized by use of the AlLaSc triad. The Dawson Springs coals have the highest Al/(La + Sc) ratios, followed by the Springfield, the Davis and the Mining City. The Mining City coal bed generally has the highest La/Sc ratio. However, the Dawson Springs is not correlated with the Mining City using the triad analysis, even though they have reportedly similar stratigraphic positions in the western Kentucky coal basin.The AlLaSe triad appears to be effective in discriminating between the Springfield and the Davis coal beds throughout the entire Illinois Basin. Furthermore, the range of concentration variation of the ALLaSc triad suggests individual groupings of the No. 4 coal in western Kentucky. In addition to characterizing these coal beds, the AlLaSc triad may be used to confirm stratigraphic correlations. 相似文献
5.
The effect of heterogeneity of soils on a seismic design procedure based on residual displacement according to safety factors is examined. Although soils are heterogeneous in nature, at present the seismic designs of embankments implement the assumption that soils are homogeneous. In this study, a seismic reliability analysis using a Monte Carlo simulation and considering the heterogeneity of soil strength was applied to the Newmark sliding block method. The data of the analysis in this study were based on in-situ soil test results of actual airport embankments. This paper indicates a rational and practical approach to modifying the actual heterogeneous soil conditions into homogeneous design parameters for the Newmark sliding block method in homogeneous ground conditions. 相似文献
6.
Stephen F. Greb Cortland F. Eble Donald R. Chesnut Jr. 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,50(1-4)
More than 130 Mt of Pennsylvanian coal is produced annually from two coal fields in Kentucky. The Western Kentucky Coal Field occurs in part of the Illinois Basin, an intercratonic basin, and the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field occurs in the Central Appalachian Basin, a foreland basin. The basins are only separated by 140 km, but mined western Kentucky coal beds exhibit significantly higher sulfur values than eastern Kentucky coals. Higher-sulfur coal beds in western Kentucky have generally been inferred to be caused by more marine influences than for eastern Kentucky coals.Comparison of strata in the two coal fields shows that more strata and more coal beds accumulated in the Eastern than Western Kentucky Coal Field in the Early and Middle Pennsylvanian, inferred to represent greater generation of tectonic accommodation in the foreland basin. Eastern Kentucky coal beds exhibit a greater tendency toward splitting and occurring in zones than time-equivalent western Kentucky coal beds, which is also inferred to represent foreland accommodation influences, overprinted by autogenic sedimentation effects. Western Kentucky coal beds exhibit higher sulfur values than their eastern counterparts, but western Kentucky coals occurring in Langsettian through Bolsovian strata can be low in sulfur content. Eastern Kentucky coal beds may increase in sulfur content beneath marine zones, but generally are still lower in sulfur than mined Western Kentucky coal beds, indicating that controls other than purely marine influences must have influenced coal quality.The bulk of production in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field is from Duckmantian and Bolsovian coal beds, whereas production in the Western Kentucky Coal Field is from Westphalian D coals. Langsettian through Bolsovian paleoclimates in eastern Kentucky were favorable for peat doming, so numerous low-sulfur coals accumulated. These coals tend to occur in zones and are prone to lateral splitting because of foreland tectonic and sedimentation influences. In contrast, Westphalian D coal beds of western Kentucky accumulated during low differential tectonic accommodation, and therefore tend to be widespread and uniform in characteristics, but exhibit higher sulfur values because they accumulated in seasonally drier paleoclimates that were unfavorable for peat doming. Hence, basin analyses indicate that many differences between the mined coals of Kentucky's two coal fields are related to temporal changes in paleoclimate and tectonic accommodation, rather than solely being a function of marine influences. 相似文献
7.
C.E. Bexfield J.H. McBride A.J.M. Pugin D. Ravat S. Biswas W.J. Nelson T.H. Larson S.L. Sargent M.A. Fillerup B.E. Tingey L. Wald M.L. Northcott J.V. South M.S. Okure M.R. Chandler 《Tectonophysics》2006,420(1-2):5
Shallow high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have traditionally been restricted to either compressional (P) or horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves in order to produce 2-D images of subsurface structure. The northernmost Mississippi embayment and coincident New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) provide an ideal laboratory to study the experimental use of integrating P- and SH-wave seismic profiles, integrated, where practicable, with micro-gravity data. In this area, the relation between “deeper” deformation of Paleozoic bedrock associated with the formation of the Reelfoot rift and NMSZ seismicity and “shallower” deformation of overlying sediments has remained elusive, but could be revealed using integrated P- and SH-wave reflection. Surface expressions of deformation are almost non-existent in this region, which makes seismic reflection surveying the only means of detecting structures that are possibly pertinent to seismic hazard assessment. Since P- and SH-waves respond differently to the rock and fluid properties and travel at dissimilar speeds, the resulting seismic profiles provide complementary views of the subsurface based on different levels of resolution and imaging capability. P-wave profiles acquired in southwestern Illinois and western Kentucky (USA) detect faulting of deep, Paleozoic bedrock and Cretaceous reflectors while coincident SH-wave surveys show that this deformation propagates higher into overlying Tertiary and Quaternary strata. Forward modeling of micro-gravity data acquired along one of the seismic profiles further supports an interpretation of faulting of bedrock and Cretaceous strata. The integration of the two seismic and the micro-gravity methods therefore increases the scope for investigating the relation between the older and younger deformation in an area of critical seismic hazard. 相似文献
8.
Albarello D. Francescone M. Lunedei E. Paolucci E. Papasidero M. P. Peruzzi G. Pieruccini P. 《Natural Hazards》2016,86(2):401-416
We present a field procedure that has been extensively used in Italy to characterize local seismic response at accelerometric sites and to retrieve ground motion at reference soil conditions by deconvolution analysis. To allow a generalized application to large areas where borehole data are generally lacking or inadequate for the seismic characterization for soils down to the reference seismic bedrock, cost-effectiveness of the considered procedures is a main issue. Thus, major efforts have been devoted to optimize available information and exploit fast and cheap surface geophysical prospecting. In particular, geological/geomorphological survey and passive seismic prospecting (both in single- and multi-station configurations) were jointly considered to reconstruct seismo-stratigraphical site conditions. This information was then used to feed numerical modeling aiming at computing the local seismic response and performing a deconvolution analysis to reconstruct ground motion at reference soil conditions. Major attention was devoted to evaluate and manage uncertainty involved in the procedure and to quantify its effect on final outcomes. An application of this procedure to a set of sites included in the Italian Accelerometric Network is presented.
相似文献9.
D. Albarello M. Francescone E. Lunedei E. Paolucci M. P. Papasidero G. Peruzzi P. Pieruccini 《Natural Hazards》2017,86(2):401-416
We present a field procedure that has been extensively used in Italy to characterize local seismic response at accelerometric sites and to retrieve ground motion at reference soil conditions by deconvolution analysis. To allow a generalized application to large areas where borehole data are generally lacking or inadequate for the seismic characterization for soils down to the reference seismic bedrock, cost-effectiveness of the considered procedures is a main issue. Thus, major efforts have been devoted to optimize available information and exploit fast and cheap surface geophysical prospecting. In particular, geological/geomorphological survey and passive seismic prospecting (both in single- and multi-station configurations) were jointly considered to reconstruct seismo-stratigraphical site conditions. This information was then used to feed numerical modeling aiming at computing the local seismic response and performing a deconvolution analysis to reconstruct ground motion at reference soil conditions. Major attention was devoted to evaluate and manage uncertainty involved in the procedure and to quantify its effect on final outcomes. An application of this procedure to a set of sites included in the Italian Accelerometric Network is presented. 相似文献
10.
Recent destructive earthquakes have clearly shown that near-surface geological conditions play a major role in the level of
ground shaking in urban areas. In Canada, Montreal is ranked second for seismic risk after Vancouver considering its population
and regional seismic hazard. The city is largely built on recent unconsolidated marine and river deposits and most of its
infrastructure is old and deteriorated. A seismic risk project that includes a combined methodology for site effects zoning
in large cities, using microtremor measurements (H/V method) coupled with 1D numerical modelling (SHAKE91), has been initiated. The experimental approach gives good estimates
of the fundamental frequency of soft deposits, while the numerical approach provides good estimates of the soil response in
terms of amplification factor related to frequency. Main mechanical properties of soft soils were compiled from various data
available, and a sample of input rock motions from real and synthetic earthquakes was used to compute soil response. The influence
of marine clays on soil response is significant and is well correlated with thickness of these deposits. PGA amplification
factors range from 2 to 4 at frequencies from 2 to 7 Hz, with some occasional larger values. The results demonstrate that
the methodology used for our study is both fast and efficient to determine the influence of soft soils in urban environments.
Such studies are essential for the effective deployment of seismic instrumentation, land-use planning and seismic mitigation. 相似文献
11.
远场大地震作用下大尺度深软场地的非线性地震效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于ABAQUS软件自行研制的并行计算显式算法集群平台,针对苏州城区典型地层剖面,建立了大尺度深软场地的二维精细化非线性有限元分析模型,对人工地震波和大地震远场地震动作用下深软场地的非线性地震效应进行了比较研究。研究结果表明：（1）与人工地震波作用时深软场地的地表峰值加速度放大效应相比,大地震远场地震波作用时的放大效应尤为显著,由于土介质的横向不均匀性及其非线性,使不同地表的峰值加速度放大效应存在明显的变异性。（2）深软场地对周期小于0.3 s的高频地震波均具有显著的滤波效应;大地震远场地震波作用时,深软场地对周期0.85～1.65 s的长周期地震波的放大效应非常显著,但对2.5～7.0 s的长周期地震波呈现出明显的滤波效应。（3）地震动峰值加速度PGA值沿土层深度和横向的分布形态呈现出明显的高低起伏现象,在不同成因的土层更迭面附近及土介质横向不均匀性显著的区域,地震波的局部聚焦放大和过滤减小现象尤为明显,且大地震远场地震动作用时,20 m以浅土层的PGA值呈现出非常显著的放大效应。（4）地震波的频谱特性、土层的横向不均匀性对深软场地地表加速度反应谱? 谱的谱形有显著影响;给出了描述加速度反应谱沿土层深度变化特征的三维谱形曲线,可以直观地展示出深软场地中细长地下结构地震反应可能存在类共振现象的土层深度。 相似文献
12.
基于CFD的地震液化研究新进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了近年来关于液化土体流体动力学特征的试验发展状况,以及基于计算流体动力学（简称CFD）的地震液化数值模拟现状,重点介绍了目前比较活跃的可以较高精度模拟液化土体流动状态的三次伪质点数值方法（简称CIP法）。通过对CFD和传统固体力学在地震液化研究中的应用比较,指出了应用CFD的三大优势,即土体大变形问题、液化土体参数分析以及液化土体中结构物的变形应用CFD分析,均可获得较好的结果。进一步提出,在地震液化应用中,未来CFD的发展应该考虑整合液化前的土体性状研究和地震液化中桩-土-结构物的综合分析。 相似文献
13.
地震诱发的地基液化对桩基础的破坏极大,液化地基中桩的破坏机理是岩土地震工程中的一个重要研究课题。目前地基液化时桩土结构系统的地震性态尚没有认识充分,已有的研究内容较多局限于桩身材料的强度破坏方面,难以考虑液化土体侧向流动、基桩屈曲失稳、以及土与结构动力相互作用等复杂因素的影响。本文重点加强以下3个方面的深入探讨和研究:(1)液化地基中桩的屈曲失稳;(2)液化地基中桩基破坏的数值模拟新方法;(3)液化地基中桩-土-结构的动力相互作用分析。 相似文献
14.
1983年5月本所岩土声学特性实验室研制的82-01A型岩石超声横波换能器通过了技术签定,近来又进一步改进研制成功了性能更好的82-01C型岩石超声横波换能器,目前己由本所工厂批量生产供有关单位使用。为使这一成果迅速推广应用,特对该换能器的技术性能和使用方法作一些介绍,以供参考。 相似文献
15.
针对南京长江四桥漫滩沉积土,分别进行了室内试验和多功能地震波孔压静力触探（SCPTU）原位测试,从SCPTU应用于场地复杂地层 的精细划分、长江漫滩沉积黏性土透水性能的评价和预测渗透系数kh 3个方面进行了详细分析,试验结果表明：综合利用 多功能SCPTU测试qt、fs、u2 3个参数可以对具有高度分层性和不均匀性的长江漫滩沉积土进行精确分层,对不同性质土 层界面、同一土层内透水或不透水夹层进行精确探测;利用SCPTU钻进过程中的孔压消散试验功能,可以对复杂的混合土层的透水性能进行评价;基于SCPTU的渗透系数kh预测值均具有一定的离散性,一般比室内试验结果高1～2个数量级,Burns & Mayne方法预测值可以作为工程初设阶段的参考值;SCPTU的应用为基坑工程降水设计提供了一种简便、快捷的新型技术手段。 相似文献
16.
Clay soil with low-bearing capacities can present great problems underlying pavement and light structures due to uncertainty associated with their performance. This paper describes a sonic based testing methodology for quality control of a surface stabilized soil. From an engineering aspect, an increase in water content has a number of disadvantageous consequences: cohesion decreases, the soil swells, the alternating dry-out/shrinkage and wetting/swelling effects destroy the rock or a soil structure. Cement is mixed into the soil to increase both the strength and the usability of local soils in constructions purposes. This is to overcome the problems by strengthening the soil underlying the structure or diminishing the leads transmitted from the foundation to the soil. The compressive strength of the stabilized soil is highly dependent on the type of soil, moisture content, cement content, and compaction work, and can therefore vary significantly in the field. The authors performed the quality control by measuring the sonic and tensile strength velocity in the stabilized soil that has been correlated to compressive strength in native materials. The improvement of the soil materials by the addition of cement could make the material suitable as filling materials, foundation and/or a road base construction. The quality control for the stabilized soils was investigated using sonic measurements and strength gain. The test methods were performed to evaluate the degree of improvement achieved through the measurement of compression and shear-wave velocities of the soil under study. Scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive X-ray analyses were performed on raw and laboratory treated for qualitative understanding the strength minerals formed during stabilization. The sonic test showed a considerable improvement with curing time and percentages of stabilizer. Mineralogical studies indicated the formation of silica and alumina hydrates along with interwoven structure of cement treated clay particles suggesting adequate mixing of the soil and binder owing to the strength of the soil materials. 相似文献
17.
Site amplification investigation in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using H/V ratio of microtremor 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The degree of damage during earthquakes strongly depends on dynamic characteristics of buildings as well as amplification of seismic waves in soils. Among the other approaches, microtremor is, perhaps, the easiest and cheapest way to understand the dynamic characteristics of soil. Non-reference microtremor measurements have been carried out in 45 locations in and around the capital Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Subsoil investigations (Standard Penetration Test and Shear Wave Velocity) have also been executed in those locations. Soil model has been developed for those locations for site response analysis by means of the program SHAKE. Among those 45 locations, predominant frequency of microtremor observation varies from 0.48 to 3.65 Hz. Out of those 45, for 35 locations Transfer function obtained from the program SHAKE have higher frequency compared to microtremor H/V ratio and for one location it has lower predominant frequency. For six locations, frequencies obtained from two methods are identical. For three other locations, there are no similarities between predominant frequency obtained from microtremor and transfer function. The seismic Vulnerability Index (Kg) for 45 sites varies between 0.45 and 31.85. Ten sites have been identified as having moderate vulnerability of soil layers to deform. 相似文献
18.
S. Balassanian S. Nazaretian A. Avanessian A. Arakelian V. Igumnov M. Badalian A. Martirossian V. Ambartsumian A. Tovmassian 《Natural Hazards》1997,15(2-3):231-249
In the present work a new, deterministic, seismic zonation map for the territory of Armenia is presented. It has been compiled on the basis of the newest seismological, geological and geophisical data. Creation of the map included: determination of a seismic hazard area for the territory of Armenia; compilation of a map of active faults; identification of active blocks; identification of seismic source zones; calculation of a seismic effect from the seismic source zones (SSZs). Seismic effect on the Earth's surface from the singled out SSZs is calculated in the form of an intensity of seismic influences expressed in units of MSK-64 scale, and horizontal soil accelerations expressed in fractions of gravity force acceleration (g). The map compiled will allow comparison between the deterministic model with a probabilistic seismic zonation model for the territory of Armenia (in preparation), in order to analyze the western and eastern standards of seismic hazard assessment on the basis of the same complete data base. 相似文献
19.
20.
盾构隧道抗震分析的静力推覆方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用动力时程法对盾构隧道进行抗震分析时,计算时间长,工作量大,土体本构以及阻尼的选择困难,不利于工程设计广泛应用。为了解决这些困难,借鉴地上结构静力推覆分析方法的思想,并结合盾构隧道的地震响应主要由周围土体的地震响应所控制的这一特点,改进了静力推覆方法中的水平加载模式,提出了适用于盾构隧道抗震分析的静力推覆分析方法,并引入了隧道倾斜度的概念来衡量隧道的抗震性能。此法通过对计算模型施加沿地层深度方向分布的倒三角侧向水平位移,来模拟地震对盾构隧道的作用,概念清楚,考虑了隧道与周围土体的相互作用,避免了在动力时程分析中所涉及的土体本构和阻尼的选择、计算模型边界条件等复杂问题,大大降低了盾构隧道抗震分析的难度,同时,可以得到隧道的抗震能力曲线。与动力时程分析的对比结果表明,在弹性阶段,此法的计算结果合理,具有较高的精度,适用于盾构隧道抗震设计。 相似文献