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The Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit in the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) is a large tonnage lower-grade deposit with a reserve of about 148 tons of gold. Gold mineralization is characterized by pyrite and pyrrhotite films and thin veins on the schistosity plane of the Proterozoic black shales. The orebodies, strictly controlled by a near EW-trending shear zone, are stratabound within carbonaceous phyllite and andalusite-garnet schist of the Bilute Formation. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data show that the ore-forming fluid was derived from a magmatic source and mixed with meteoric water. Sulfur and carbon isotope data indicate that most of the sulfur and carbon came from the black shale strata. Well-defined biotite Ar-Ar plateau age and inverse isochron age show that the deposit formed at ca. 270Ma, which suggests a probable link between Hercynian magmatism and gold mineralization. Studies on regional geology, ore geology, isotope geochemistry, and ore-forming age substantiate a complex evolutionary history of the deposit. The Proterozoic black shales rich in gold, sulfur, and organic matter, which were deposited in the Proterozoic continental margin rifts, comprised the source bed for gold mineralization. EW-ENE-structures, products of Palaeozoic orogenic process, provided pathways and mineralization space for ore-forming fluids. Hercynian tectono-magmatism and subsequent hydrothermal events remobilized gold and drove the ore-forming fluids to dilatational fracture zones. Related to postcollisional magmatic hydrothermal events, the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit is considered as a special type of orogenic gold deposit formed in the compression–extension transition stage. 相似文献
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V. I. Popova V. A. Muftakhov V. A. Popov I. A. Blinov V. A. Kotlyarov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2016,58(8):681-690
The Slyudyangorsk muscovite deposit in the southern Urals was explored and mined in 1926–1957. By the mid-1950s, 104 veins of quartz–feldspar pegmatites including 21 muscovite-bearing veins have been found. Pegmatites with giant black Y-bearing epidote crystals are crosscut by veins with giant muscovite crystals, which, in turn, are intersected by veins of two-mica–quartz–two-feldspar pegmatites with rare-metal and REE mineralization. Microprobe data on compositions of complex Ti–Ta–Nb oxides [fergusonite-(Y), samarskite-(Y), euxenite-(Y), polycrase-(Y), columbite-(Fe), pyrochlore supergroup] are characterized, as well as of uraninite, ilmenorutile, scheelite, Y-bearing epidote, certain sulfides and rock-forming minerals from the Slyudyanogorsk deposit. The morphology and interrelation of minerals indicate that they are the result of crystal growth in cavities rather than of metasomatic replacement of gneisses, as has been suggested earlier. Thus, it is more promising for rare-metal and REE minerals in the Slyudorudnik area to be found in igneous rocks (granitic muscovite–quartz–feldspar pegmatites with the Nb–Ta–Ti–Y–U–W–Mo mineralization) than in metasomatic rocks. 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of eco-geochemical research on black rock series enriched in metallic elements in Pingli County,Shaanxi Province,which lies at the northern margin of the Yangtze Platform.There is a suite of bone coal-bearing black carbonaceous rocks in the Cambrian Donghe Formation throughout the region.Soils in Pingli contain high metallic elements derived from the bone coal and carbonaceous rocks.Edible plants growing in the soils contain high Se,Cu and Mo.Two case studies are documented.One is a black shale area with bone coal and Se enrichment,and the other is a black shale area with bone coal mine and copper mineralization.Eco-geochemical effects of metallic element-rich black shales on plants are reported in this paper. 相似文献
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黑色岩系的形成反映了环境的突变事件,构成了许多重要矿床的赋矿岩系.辽宁青城子地区许多岩组中均有石墨含量较高的岩层,可以认为这些石墨较高的岩石组合为黑色岩系.青城子地区含矿岩系中产有多处大中型金、银、铅、锌矿床,为一重要的金、银多金属矿化集中区.青城子地区的矿床形成与古元古代发生的多期火山喷发活动有关.与成矿关系密切的岩石为浊积岩成因.水下火山活动所释放的高含量的CO2有利于黑色岩系的形成,生物作用、变质作用对矿床的形成均起了重要的作用.在青城子地区还应当重视开展产在黑色岩系中其他矿种的找矿勘查工作. 相似文献
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黔东南地区震旦系—二叠系海相优质烃源层的时空分布 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
黔东南典型古油气藏的精细解剖对黔中隆起周缘乃至南方海相油气勘探研究具有重要意义。研究表明,在早寒武世初期、晚泥盆世早期和二叠纪,本地区均发育优质烃源岩,其中以下寒武统盆地相、斜坡相的黑色页岩发育最好,有机质丰度高(TOC普遍大于2%),类型好(偏腐殖型),厚度大,是麻江古油藏及凯里残余油气藏的主力烃源岩;早二叠世盆地相和澙湖相中发育的优质烃源岩与本层位中的沥青具亲缘关系,显示自生自储的特点。二叠纪烃源岩对黔中隆起及其周缘地区油气成藏具有重要作用。本地区缺乏扬子地区广泛发育的上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组底部那套优质烃源岩。 相似文献
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在页岩气的区域地质调查阶段,主要通过有机质含量（TOC）与类型、有机质热演化程度、含气页岩厚度、矿物组分类型与含量以及储集层特征等基本地质条件参数,对页岩气有利区进行评价,而以上页岩气基本地质因素均受沉积相的控制。以详细的沉积相研究为基础,通过岩相古地理编图,可以明确富有机质页岩的展布特征,所以岩相古地理控制了页岩气的发育特征。通过利用主要基本地质条件参数,对川南及邻区志留系龙马溪组黑色岩系页岩气有利区进行初步评价,认为川南及邻区志留系龙马溪组,只要已进入中成岩阶段的浅海陆棚相黑色岩系,就能形成页岩气储层。在前人研究的基础上,进一步实例论证并提出沉积相或岩相古地理研究应为页岩气地质调查和选区评价的关键和基础。 相似文献
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云南省德泽地区筇竹寺组黑色岩系位于扬子陆块南缘下寒武统黑色页岩分布带的西端, 不同于该带中段湘黔地区的牛蹄塘组, 它发育有两个多金属富集层位, 其中, 石岩头段黑色碳质粉砂岩底部富集V、U、Ag和Pd, 玉案山段黑色页岩底部富集Mo、Ni、Pt和Pd.筇竹寺组黑色岩系整体上富集V-Ni-Mo-U-Ag-Pt-Pd, 而牛蹄塘组黑色岩系则富Ni-Zn-Co-Pt-Pd-Ag-Pb, 但它们都经历了相似的缺氧环境, 且具有相同的PGE和Ni、Mo富集机制, 是一种重要的非传统矿产资源类型. 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Graphite and graphite-like materials widely are present at black shale and magmatic ores. The nature of these carbon materials (CM) is multifarious. In what cause connects a mineralization with carbon. The great numbers of parameters, namely, the temperature, the pressure, the shear stress, the catalytic species, the host-rock lithology, the time and etc., have an influence on the graphitization process. Accumulations of gold and platinum group elements in black graphite shale and extraction of these metals from rocks depend in considerable degree from structural properties of CM. Raman spectroscopy has wide applied for various carbon modifications, including nano-structuring materials. The first and second-order Raman spectrum have been correlated with changes in the structure of graphite. There is a linear relationship between temperature and Raman R2 and R1 parameters (derived from the area and intensity of the defect band (D) relative to the ordered graphite band (G), respectively). The purpose of the present study is to characterize the rocks and CM from carbon-rich rocks of gold-ore deposits of the black-shale formation and magmatic ores using micro-Raman spectroscopy technique (Horiba Jobin Ivon LabRam spectrometer). Exciting was performed with 325 nm line of He-Cd laser. The graphite and graphite-like samples from many ore deposits of Russia and Kazahstan are investigations. R1 and R2 ratio indicate variable degree of organisation CM in the samples. The results show different spectral variations of CM with metamorphic grade: the well-ordered graphite from magmatic rocks, more - ordered and the disordered less graphitized CM from black-shale ores. For the first time in the world practice the Raman spectroscopy technique has been applied to determine the temperature of graphitizing for CM at gold-ore deposits of the black-shale formation. The temperatures obtained on carboniferous substance for the gold deposits range from 405°С to 280°С. Temperature of CM formation from Pt-low sulphide ores of the Talnakh deposit ranges from 4700C to 6500C. It has been shown that the carbon-rich phases from black-shale and magmatic rocks have various degrees of graphitization and different carbon forms. 相似文献
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我国中上扬子地区下古生界黑色页岩是震旦系、二叠系大中型气田的重要烃源岩,同时其自身也具有形成页岩气藏的巨大潜力。初步研究表明,中上扬子地区下古生界有利页岩气层主要发育在下震旦统陡山沱组、下寒武统筇竹寺组、上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组,这些层位的黑色页岩厚度、有机碳含量、以及Ro值等各项参数均符合形成页岩气藏的特征,是今后页岩气勘探的潜力地层。 相似文献
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The relationship of events of igneous plume activity to the periods of low-carbonaceous clay shale deposition has been considered in the Riphean stratotype (western slope of the Southern Urals). The relation between plume events, warm climate periods, and active black shale deposition assumed in the Early Precambrian is poorly defined in the Late Precambrian. 相似文献
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Geology of the Devonian black shales of the Appalachian Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John B. Roen 《Organic Geochemistry》1984,5(4):241-254
Black shales of Devonian age in the Appalachian Basin are a unique rock sequence. The high content of organic matter, which imparts the characteristic lithology, has for years attracted considerable interest in the shales as a possible source of energy. The recent energy shortage prompted the U.S. Department of Energy through the Eastern Gas Shales Project of the Morgantown Energy Technology Center to underwrite a research program to determine the geologic, geochemical, and structural characteristics of the Devonian black shales in order to enhance the recovery of gas from the shales. Geologic studies by Federal and State agencies and academic institutions produced a regional stratigraphic network that correlates the 15 ft black shale sequence in Tennessee with 3000 ft of interbedded black and gray shales in central New York. These studies correlate the classic Devonian black shale sequence in New York with the Ohio Shale of Ohio and Kentucky and the Chattanooga Shale of Tennessee and southwestern Virginia. Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic markers in conjunction with gamma-ray logs facilitated long-range correlations within the Appalachian Basin. Basinwide correlations, including the subsurface rocks, provided a basis for determining the areal distribution and thickness of the important black shale units. The organic carbon content of the dark shales generally increases from east to west across the basin and is sufficient to qualify as a hydrocarbon source rock. Significant structural features that involve the black shale and their hydrocarbon potential are the Rome trough, Kentucky River and Irvine-Paint Creek fault zone, and regional decollements and ramp zones. 相似文献
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On the basis of a representative collection of ultramafic rocks and chromite ores and a series of technological samples from the largest (Central and Western) deposits in the Rai-Iz massif of the Polar Urals and the Almaz-Zhemchuzhina and Poiskovy deposits in the Kempirsai massif of the southern Urals, the distribution and speciation of platinum-group elements (PGE) in various type sections of mafic-ultramafic massifs of the Main ophiolite belt of the Urals have been studied. Spectral-chemical and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out to estimate PGE in 700 samples of ultramafic rocks and chromite ores; 400 analyses of minerals from rocks, ores, and concentrates and 100 analyses of PGE minerals (PGM) in chromite ores and concentrates were performed using an electron microprobe. Near-chondritic and nonchondritic PGE patterns in chromitebearing sections have been identified. PGE mineralization has been established to occur in chromite ore from all parts of the mafic-ultramafic massifs in the Main ophiolite belt of the Urals. The PGE deposits and occurrences discovered therein are attributed to four types (Kraka, Kempirsai, Nurali-Upper Neiva, and Shandasha), which are different in mode of geological occurrence, geochemical specialization, and placer-forming capability. Fluid-bearing minerals of the pargasite-edenite series have been identified for the first time in the matrix of chromite ore of the Kempirsai massif (the Almaz-Zhemchuzhina deposit) and Voikar-Syn’ya massif (the Kershor deposit). The PGE grade in various types of chromite ore ranges from 0.1–0.2 to 1–2 g/t or higher. According to technological sampling, the average PGE grade in the largest deposits of the southeastern ore field of the Kempirsai massif is 0.5–0.7 g/t. Due to the occurrence of most PGE as PGM 10–100 mm in size and the proved feasibility of their recovery into nickel alloys, chromites of the Kempirsai massif can be considered a complex ore with elevated and locally high Os, Ir, and Ru contents. The Nurali-Upper Neiva type of ore is characterized by small-sized primary deposits, which nevertheless are the main source of large Os-Ir placers in the Miass and Nev’yansk districts of the southern and central Urals, respectively. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地下寒武统底部高熟海相烃源岩中有机质的赋存状态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来的研究证明,中新生代未熟—低熟海相富有机质泥质烃源岩中有机质是通过溶解在水中的分子规模的碳有机质以化学吸附的形式被吸附到矿物表面上和蒙脱石结构层内。然而,对于高熟海相泥质烃源岩中有机质的赋存状态却少有报道。通过对塔里木盆地下寒统底部高熟海相泥质烃源岩的有机碳含量、矿物表面积、扫描电镜和透射电镜的综合分析,得到了其有机质以细小的颗粒状保存于沉积物颗粒之间的结论。同时,通过高熟海相烃源岩与现代未熟海相烃源岩有机质赋存状态的对比,提出了值得进一步研究的有关科学问题。 相似文献
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贵州寻找铂族元素矿床的思考 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
贵州省具有形成铂族元素矿床的地质条件，也存在铂族元素矿化的地质与地球化学信息，可能存在的矿床类型包括热液型、煤岩型、黑色页岩型等多种，可能发现矿床的地区除了在西部峨眉山玄武岩分布区之外，峨眉山玄武岩分布区外围的卡林型金矿和Hg、As、Sb等浅成低温热液型矿床分布区也值得重视。在找矿过程中，要充分研究哪些异常是由玄武岩引起的，哪些可能是由矿引起的。在采样时，由于铂族元素分布的极端不均性，天然重砂和人工重砂的配合是必要的。 相似文献
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中非铜钴矿带是全球最大最具经济价值的沉积型层状铜成矿带之一.区域内铜钴矿床形成分布主要受区域地层和构造控制,成矿具有多期特征.含矿地层中发育大量褶皱前浸染状和顺层脉状矿化,指示可能存在成岩之后和造山主构造变形之前的矿化叠加作用.本文通过绿纱铜钴矿床矿化黑色页岩全岩Rb-Sr测年及Sr-Nd同位素研究,获得早期浸染状矿化黑色页岩等时线年龄为742±32Ma(MSWD=0.39),与木瓦夏-恩古巴裂谷作用同期;晚期脉状矿化黑色页岩及与脉体中白云石、黄铜矿单矿物构成的内部等时线年龄分别为680±24Ma(MSWD=0.95)和678±21Ma(MSWD=1.5),为刚果克拉通与卡拉哈里克拉通俯冲造山作用初期.Sr,Nd同位素特征显示,早期浸染状矿化成矿物质来源长英质基底和同期基性火山岩;晚期脉状矿化成矿物质来源基性基底和赋矿围岩,与盆地内循环热卤水成矿有关.大量证据表明,顺层脉状矿化及其伴生切层脉状和角砾岩状矿化具有三维空间上的连通性,为同期矿化作用产物.脉体的形成与区域挤压作用引起的超高压流体水压致裂和侧向流动有关,区域挤压应力的动力来源于俯冲造山作用.700Ma左右,罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解结束及冈瓦纳超大陆聚合开始,引起区域构造体制从伸展向挤压转换,可能是区域大规模叠加成矿作用发生的地球动力学机制. 相似文献
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油页岩作为一种重要的非常规油气资源,如何有效地利用油页岩成矿作用研究中的关键方法和技术实现油页岩的综合识别与评价极其重要。油页岩识别的关键技术主要包括基于岩石学的地质识别、精确的地球化学指标识别、测井技术的垂向高分辨率快速识别和地震技术的三维空间定量刻画。先进的测试技术、创新的理论方法以及高品质地球物理资料的二次开发利用将不断提升油页岩从定性到定量预测识别的精度。油页岩成矿作用研究的关键方法是从古构造条件、古气候条件、古地理条件以及古湖泊环境等地质因素入手,探讨其综合作用下有机质来源、保存条件及成岩作用的变化,由定性向半定量—定量地精细刻画油页岩中有机质聚集过程,从而有效地预测油页岩的展布及其富集规律。由于文中材料以中国陆相含油页岩盆地的研究成果为主,而陆相成因油页岩的识别特征及成因机制可能与海相等成因存在差异,因此,仍需油页岩地质学家不断深入研究与总结。希望此文对页岩油、页岩气及烃源岩研究也具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Total organic carbon content (TOC), trace element and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations were determined in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Nayong area, Guizhou Province, South China, in order to study the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization. The results demonstrate that numerous elements are enriched in the polymetallic ores compared to those of the nearby black shale, particularly Ni, Mo, Zn, TOC and total PGE, which can reach up to 7.03 wt.%, 8.49 wt.%, 11.7 wt.%, 11.5 wt.% and 943 ppb, respectively. The elemental enrichment distribution patterns are similar to those in the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie areas except that the Nayong location is exceptionally enriched in Zn. Whereas positive correlations are observed between the ore elements of the polymetallic ores, no such correlations are observed in the black shale. These positively correlated metallic elements are classified into three groups: Co–Ni–Cu–PGE, Zn–Cd–Pb and Mo–Tl–TOC. The geological and geochemical features of these elements suggest that Proterozoic and Early Palaeozoic mafic and ultramafic rocks, dolomites and/or Pb–Zn deposits of the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation and seawater could be the principal sources for Co–Ni–Cu–PGE, Zn–Cd–Pb, and Mo–Tl–TOC, respectively. Furthermore, the chondrite-normalized patterns of PGEs with Pd/Pt, Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir indicate that PGE enrichment of the polymetallic ores is most likely related to hydrothermal processes associated with the mafic rocks. In contrast, PGE enrichment in the black shale resembles that of the marine oil shale with terrigenous and seawater contributions. Our investigations of TOC, trace elements and PGE geochemistry suggest that multiple sources along with submarine hydrothermal and biological contributions might be responsible for the formation of the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation across southern China. 相似文献