共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
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利用地震数据较为准确地预测地下介质的裂缝发育信息,是裂缝型储层预测的关键手段,也是非常规页岩油气储层压裂改造的关键参数.方位AVO(AVAZ)在描述HTI介质的裂缝分布及发育方向等方面有重要应用,本文提供一种基于全方位地震数据的方位AVO(AVAZ)反演方法,为裂缝预测提供参考资料.首先利用Ruger近似方程正演计算不同方位角及入射角下的反射系数,继而与方位角度道集中地震反射振幅建立目标函数,然后基于正演方程及目标函数采用最小二乘法进行AVAZ反演.实现了从全方位地震资料中同步反演纵波反射系数、各向同性梯度、各向异性梯度及裂缝发育方向.模型数据和实际地震资料应用表明该方法能够有效的预测HTI介质的裂缝分布及方向. 相似文献
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在裂缝诱导各向异性理论研究中通常使用等效HTI介质来近似多组裂缝所引起的综合效应.由于构造运动的复杂性,多组裂缝普遍存在于地壳与油气储层中.为了研究多组裂缝的地震属性特征,分析常用的等效HTI模型对于多组裂缝近似精度及附加裂缝对介质属性特征的影响,本文利用线性滑移模型进行了多组垂直裂缝的单斜各向异性等效介质理论计算,并利用空间搜索方法求取与其最为接近的HTI介质各向异性弹性参数.重点研究了在两种各向异性介质中纵波速度、快慢横波速度和极化特征及其差异,量化分析附加裂缝对于地震属性如速度、极化方向和走时等的影响,研究对附加裂缝敏感的地震属性.此研究结果和方法为进一步研究多组裂缝的反演及识别方法提供基础,同时对于将高阶对称性各向异性介质中已存在的计算方法应用于低阶对称性时的适用程度、精度分析及相关方法研究具有重要作用. 相似文献
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转换波方位各向异性裂缝检测技术研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HTI裂缝各向异性介质中,转换波随方位角的变化比较复杂,目前还没有解析公式可以表达其变化特征,只能通过物理实验或数值模拟来分析其应用的可能性.数值模拟结果表明,转换波在裂缝各向异性介质中传播时,其R分量和T分量的振幅属性都具有明显的方位各向异性特征,R分量振幅方位各向异性拟合椭圆的长轴方向指示裂缝方位,这与纵波方位各向异性特征相似;根据P波AVAZ方位各向异性分析原理,对转换波R分量振幅方位各向异性曲线进行方位椭圆拟合,寻找椭圆的长轴方向,即裂缝主方位,再由P波AVAZ技术中振幅响应与炮检方向和裂缝走向之间的夹角关系式得到裂缝的发育密度,从而构建转换波方位各向异性AVAZ裂缝检测技术.该技术已用于川西新场气田某区块的裂缝储层预测,取得了较好的应用效果. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2015,(3)
基于岩石物理模型和广义各向异性Zoeppritz方法在频率域计算裂缝型反射体模型反射波方位地震AVO响应。反射体模型为粘弹各向异性、有限厚度的地质体,其地震反射波形序列包含如下动力学信息,即分界面处介质的波阻抗和非弹性差异、反射体内部波的各向异性传播、在传播路径上的频散与衰减,以及来自顶底界面的反射波的调谐与干涉等。计算表明,速度频散和衰减增顶界面反射波大入射角反射时的振幅,而减弱底界面反射振幅。对于固定入射角的方位地震方位地震响应,PP波反射特征表现为随方位角的增加反射波形序列延续时间变长,而PSV和PSH转换类型反射波的方位各向异性变化特征稳定且受储层厚度影响较小,表现为PSV波反射振幅随方位角增加而增加,PSH波在0°和90°方位无反射能量,在45°方位反射振幅最强。 相似文献
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本文通过理论计算、数值模拟与穹窿物理模型三维数据对比分析的方法,对HTI介质中纵波方位各向异性现象进行研究.主要是进行目的层动校正速度以及走时的分析.结果显示,理论数值与实验数值耦合较好,HTI介质会引起动校正速度以及走时随方位角呈现椭圆形的变化;同时发现,观测系统中最大偏移距与目的层深度的比值以及方位角分布对各向异性分析有较大影响. 三维纵波方位各向异性分析对于数据的观测系统设计以及数据质量有较高的要求. 相似文献
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对裂缝-孔隙型储层的勘探与开发而言,流体和裂缝属性参数对地震响应特征的影响至关重要.法向与切向裂缝柔度比通常作为识别充填裂缝流体的指示因子,但其受裂缝结构与流体成分的双重影响,故其对流体与裂缝属性的估算是欠定的.文章从各向异性Gassmann方程出发,利用线性滑移模型,发展了裂缝-孔隙型含气储层孔隙弹性理论方程;结合扰动刚度矩阵和渐进射线理论,建立了裂缝-孔隙型含气储层纵波线性反射系数和流体特征参数(纵波模量)及裂缝特征参数(裂缝弱度)间的直接关系,解耦了流体与裂缝参数对地震反射特征的影响;在裂缝准弱度参数的基础上,提出了新颖的方位各向异性弹性阻抗(EIVOA)参数化方法,结合宽方位地震数据和正则化约束,探讨了裂缝-孔隙型含气储层流体与裂缝参数贝叶斯地震反演方法.模型和实际资料处理表明,该方法能够稳定合理地直接从宽方位地震资料中获取流体与裂缝参数,提供了一种高可靠性的裂缝-孔隙型含气储层流体与裂缝描述方法. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(3)
叠前地震裂缝检测技术是目前裂缝型储层定量描述的主要手段之一,利用地质、测井资料和岩石物理参数,根据岩石物理理论建立裂缝储层的理论地质模型,模拟地震波在已知裂缝模型中传播时各个方位的地震响应,分析某区段由裂缝引起的地震振幅属性的方位AVO(AVAZ)特征,利用该技术流程,编写了一套基于HTI介质的正演模拟软件,在软件开发过程中,研发了基于Qt Concurrent编程模型组件的并行处理技术.通过该项技术的研究与开发可以:1)利用地震属性数据实时分析地下裂缝型储层的地震响应规律;2)解决地震振幅数据方位各向异性特征的不确定性导致的各向异性椭圆解释成果错误问题,确定椭圆的正确方位指示;3)为叠前裂缝检测软件提供正演分析工具,完善并扩充检测流程.在实际生产应用的效果表明,正演的解释结论能够为叠前裂缝检测提供有效的理论依据,增强了反演裂缝方位数据的准确性与可信度. 相似文献
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高角度裂缝介质的反射振幅梯度是随方位变化的,常规AVO分析只能适应层状各向同性介质地下地层含油气性检测,很难适应HTI裂缝各向异性介质地层的油气检测.为此,本文提出了基于叠前全方位角道集方位振幅梯度各向异性变化的HTI裂缝介质油气检测方法,推导出以方位角为变量的方位振幅梯度变化函数,并以之为参变量进一步推导出以入射角为变量的,随方位变化而变化的双向振幅响应强度变化函数,同时推导出方位油气指示因子.通过变量拆分法先固定方位方向,通过该方位角道集振幅随入射角的变化求解该方位振幅梯度,继而求出该方位的油气指示因子;依次类推,可求出其余方位的油气指示因子.如此可求出所有方位的油气指示因子,进而可分析含油气指示敏感性随方位的变化,优选油气指示最敏感的方位作为最终的油气预测结果即可.实际工区应用结果表明,本方法预测结果可靠精度高,可为油气勘探开发提供有效的技术支持. 相似文献
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裂缝问题是火山岩复杂岩性油气藏勘探开发中必须考虑的重要因素之一.火山岩储层裂缝预测的准确性直接影响着油气的产能、钻井工艺和增产改造措施等.本文主要根据等效HTI介质(扩容各向异性介质)的特性,立足地下介质各向异性理论,利用三维地震叠前P波在HTI介质中的属性分布特征来检测裂缝的发育情况.利用三维地震叠前P波裂缝检测技术在松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷深层营城组火山岩中尝试开展了储层裂缝发育预测研究.通过研究建立了火山岩裂缝地震叠前预测方法,并对营城组火山岩裂缝发育情况进行预测,结果表明裂缝主要分布在工区中部构造高部位,发育方向以北北西向为主.最后利用测井资料和钻井产能资料等进行效果分析,证实该技术对于认识火山岩储层裂缝发育具有实际应用价值,说明应用地震资料开展储层裂缝预测具有横向分辨率高、实现井间分布描述和宏观空间分布规律清楚等特点. 相似文献
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We use residual moveouts measured along continuous full azimuth reflection angle gathers, in order to obtain effective horizontal transversely isotropic model parameters. The angle gathers are generated through a special angle domain imaging system, for a wide range of reflection angles and full range of phase velocity azimuths. The estimation of the effective model parameters is performed in two stages. First, the background horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI)/vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) layered model is used, along with the values of reflection angles, for converting the measured residual moveouts (or traveltime errors) into azimuthally dependent normal moveout (NMO) velocities. Then we apply a digital Fourier transform to convert the NMO velocities into azimuthal wavenumber domain, in order to obtain the effective HTI model parameters: vertical time, vertical compression velocity, Thomsen parameter delta and the azimuth of the medium axis of symmetry. The method also provides a reliability criterion of the HTI assumption. The criterion shows whether the medium possesses the HTI type of symmetry, or whether the azimuthal dependence of the residual traveltime indicates to a more complex azimuthal anisotropy. The effective model used in this approach is defined for a 1D structure with a set of HTI, VTI and isotropic layers (with at least one HTI layer). We describe and analyse the reduction of a multi‐layer structure into an equivalent effective HTI model. The equivalent model yields the same NMO velocity and the same offset azimuth on the Earth's surface as the original layered structure, for any azimuth of the phase velocity. The effective model approximates the kinematics of an HTI/VTI layered structure using only a few parameters. Under the hyperbolic approximation, the proposed effective model is exact. 相似文献
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正交各向异性介质P波走时分析及Thomsen参数反演 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
对于包含有垂向裂缝的横向各向同性地层或含有多组正交裂缝的各向同性地层，正交各向异性介质模型是最简单的与实际地层相符的方位各向异性模型.本文对单层水平反射界面正交各向异性模型采用射线追踪法计算了全方位角变化的P波走时，时距曲线表现出强方位各向异性.采用小生境遗传算法，对三条成一定角度的测线的走时信息进行速度和各向异性参数反演.模型算例表明，此方法可以得到高精度的裂缝方位角、P波垂直速度和较高精度的Thomsen各向异性参数. 相似文献
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Gui-Hong Guo Jian-Ping Yan Zhi Zhang José Badal Jian-Wu Cheng Shuang-Hu Shi Ya-Wei Ma 《应用地球物理》2018,15(2):299-310
Elastic wave propagation and attenuation in porous rock layers with oriented sets of fractures, especially in carbonate reservoirs, are anisotropic owing to fracture sealing, fracture size, fracture density, filling fluid, and fracture strike orientation. To address this problem, we adopt the Chapman effective medium model and carry out numerical experiments to assess the variation in P-wave velocity and attenuation, and the shear-wave splitting anisotropy with the frequency and azimuth of the incident wave. The results suggest that velocity, attenuation, and anisotropy vary as function of azimuth and frequency. The azimuths of the minimum attenuation and maximum P-wave velocity are nearly coincident with the average strike of the two sets of open fractures. P-wave velocity is greater in sealed fractures than open fractures, whereas the attenuation of energy and anisotropy is stronger in open fractures than sealed fractures. For fractures of different sizes, the maximum velocity together with the minimum attenuation correspond to the average orientation of the fracture sets. Small fractures affect the wave propagation less. Azimuth-dependent anisotropy is low and varies more than the other attributes. Fracture density strongly affects the P-wave velocity, attenuation, and shear-wave anisotropy. The attenuation is more sensitive to the variation of fracture size than that of velocity and anisotropy. In the seismic frequency band, the effect of oil and gas saturation on attenuation is very different from that for brine saturation and varies weakly over azimuth. It is demonstrated that for two sets of fractures with the same density, the fast shear-wave polarization angle is almost linearly related with the orientation of one of the fracture sets. 相似文献
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Weak‐anisotropy approximation for P‐wave reflection coefficient at the boundary between two tilted transversely isotropic media 
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下载免费PDF全文 Existing and commonly used in industry nowadays, closed‐form approximations for a P‐wave reflection coefficient in transversely isotropic media are restricted to cases of a vertical and a horizontal transverse isotropy. However, field observations confirm the widespread presence of rock beds and fracture sets tilted with respect to a reflection boundary. These situations can be described by means of the transverse isotropy with an arbitrary orientation of the symmetry axis, known as tilted transversely isotropic media. In order to study the influence of the anisotropy parameters and the orientation of the symmetry axis on P‐wave reflection amplitudes, a linearised 3D P‐wave reflection coefficient at a planar weak‐contrast interface separating two weakly anisotropic tilted tranversely isotropic half‐spaces is derived. The approximation is a function of the incidence phase angle, the anisotropy parameters, and symmetry axes tilt and azimuth angles in both media above and below the interface. The expression takes the form of the well‐known amplitude‐versus‐offset “Shuey‐type” equation and confirms that the influence of the tilt and the azimuth of the symmetry axis on the P‐wave reflection coefficient even for a weakly anisotropic medium is strong and cannot be neglected. There are no assumptions made on the symmetry‐axis orientation angles in both half‐spaces above and below the interface. The proposed approximation can be used for inversion for the model parameters, including the orientation of the symmetry axes. Obtained amplitude‐versus‐offset attributes converge to well‐known approximations for vertical and horizontal transverse isotropic media derived by Rüger in corresponding limits. Comparison with numerical solution demonstrates good accuracy. 相似文献
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With the multi-wave, multi-component seismic wave exploration, one can apply the anisotropy of fracture media to analyze the attributes of the fracture media, including the fracture azimuth. In the meantime, the techniques of full-polarimetric electromagnetic wave, including full-polarimetric borehole radar, can also be used to analyze the attributes of the fracture. However, the analysis precision of both the multi-component elastic wave exploration and full-polarimetric electromagnetic wave exploration is prone to the influence of noise and other factors. So far, some researchers have conducted studies on the joint inversion of electromagnetic waves and seismic waves. This paper develops evaluation techniques of fracture azimuth by electromagnetic wave, elastic wave, and joint analysis of coincident elastic reflection and electromagnetic data. Firstly, based on the shear wave splitting of elastic waves, this paper develops a statistical analysis technique which applies Pearson correlation coefficient to count and analyze the azimuth angle of fracture. Secondly, based on the information of electromagnetic polarization rotated by fracture, this paper develops a statistical analysis method of full-polarimetric electromagnetic waves which applies the maximum amplitude ratio between the co-polarization and cross-polarization to analyze the azimuth angle of fracture. Furthermore, based on the analysis result of the elastic wave and full-polarimetric electromagnetic wave, this paper develops a joint analysis technique which adopts the standard deviation. At last, authors in this study conduct joint detection experiments on the coincident fracture medium by using the ultrasonic and full-polarimetric ground penetrating radar. The experimental result indicates that both single geophysical methods are capable of analyzing the fracture azimuth angle, but the joint analysis is more accurate. 相似文献
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Anisotropy in subsurface geological models is primarily caused by two factors: sedimentation in shale/sand layers and fractures. The sedimentation factor is mainly modelled by vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), whereas the fractures are modelled by a horizontal transversely isotropic medium (HTI). In this paper we study hyperbolic and non‐hyperbolic normal reflection moveout for a package of HTI/VTI layers, considering arbitrary azimuthal orientation of the symmetry axis at each HTI layer. We consider a local 1D medium, whose properties change vertically, with flat interfaces between the layers. In this case, the horizontal slowness is preserved; thus, the azimuth of the phase velocity is the same for all layers of the package. In general, however, the azimuth of the ray velocity differs from the azimuth of the phase velocity. The ray azimuth depends on the layer properties and may be different for each layer. In this case, the use of the Dix equation requires projection of the moveout velocity of each layer on the phase plane. We derive an accurate equation for hyperbolic and high‐order terms of the normal moveout, relating the traveltime to the surface offset, or alternatively, to the subsurface reflection angle. We relate the azimuth of the surface offset to its magnitude (or to the reflection angle), considering short and long offsets. We compare the derived approximations with analytical ray tracing. 相似文献
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同类反射波（非转换波）走时偏离双曲,称为非双曲或四次时差,在长排列各向异性地震资料处理中需要校正．本文基于我们导出的水平界面任意空间取向TI (ATI)介质中同类反射波四次时差系数(A4)的精确解析解,数值计算研究P波四次时差系数特征．正演结果表明,ATI条件下A4系数随CMP测线方位变化的特征不仅与TI介质的各向异性参数有关,而且与TI对称轴的空间取向密切相关; TI介质的各向异性参数和TI对称轴的倾角决定了A4变化特征,而且TI对称轴的方位决定了A4随测线方位变化的对称性．此研究结果将对各向异性解释及参数反演有参考意义． 相似文献
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穿透含裂隙、裂缝地壳8s视周期的SV波的理论地震图研究表明,当地壳平均裂隙密度高于0.01即横波各向异性高于1%时,非对称面内不同方位的SKS波均发生分裂;地震图中直接的记录显示是切向T分量上出现SKS波的振动,其振幅随地壳平均裂隙密度的增大而增强,甚至能与径向R分量上的振幅相当.局限于上地壳的强裂缝各向异性同样能引起SKS分裂.长周期SKS波分裂对地壳内裂隙、裂缝的分布缺乏分辨率.直立平行排列裂隙、裂缝使得SKS分裂T分量记录特征具有方位对称性,这来自于HTI介质中快、慢波偏振和到时差随方位变化的对称性;而倾斜裂隙、裂缝使得该方位对称性丧失.对实际观测SKS分裂的偏振解释需要考虑地壳裂隙各向异性,特别是断裂附近的强裂缝各向异性. 相似文献