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以大量实际资料介绍了徐州市岩溶水的赋存特征,近年来由于工农业发展,需水量增加,许多地段强烈超采,出现岩溶水水位持续下降、水质恶化和发生岩溶塌陷等环境地质问题。 相似文献
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徐州市的环境地质问题及机理研究 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
岩溶地下水是徐州市城市供水的主要水源,多年来,由于对岩溶水的大量不合理开采,导致一系列环境地质问题。概述徐州市水文地持笔岩溶水的开采状况系统地分析徐州市的环境地质问题及其产生的原因和机理,并提出防治对策。 相似文献
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表层岩溶带的岩溶动力学特征及其环境和资源意义 总被引:61,自引:6,他引:61
表层岩溶带处于四大圈层的交汇带,碳- 水- 钙循环活跃,溶蚀和沉积化学反应都比较迅速,岩溶动力作用强烈而且对环境变化具有敏感性。表层岩溶带快速的岩溶过程以及对环境变化的敏感性,赋存大量短时间尺度的环境变化信息,可提高地质过程在全球环境变化研究的地位; 表层岩溶带碳- 水- 钙循环的活跃和与环境岩溶动力条件的相关性,使得表层岩溶带对环境 C O2 的变化具有调节作用,从而对碳循环的研究具有重要意义;表层岩溶带的发育使南方岩溶区具有浅层岩溶水循环与地下管道水循环耦合的二次岩溶水循环的结构特征,加强了岩溶水的调 相似文献
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上世纪五十年代以来,中国工程院卢耀如院士把毕生的精力奉献在岩溶地质事业上。他对岩溶发育的规律及溶蚀机理进行了较系统的研究,特别是对碳酸盐岩与硫酸盐岩复合岩溶作用机理进行了详细的研究;他潜心研究岩溶地区的水文、工程与环境地质问题,参加了一系列水利水电工程的勘测研究,涉及长江、黄河、珠江、淮河等许多流域,包括三峡、乌江渡、新安江等百多座水利枢纽;他指导有关交通、城镇、矿山等建设的工程地质与环境地质勘测研究;他提出多种水动力条件、三相流的作用机理与混合溶蚀作用等问题;他提出地质—生态环境的新概念,提出喀斯特地区石漠化问题的概念并进行开拓性的研究探索,积极开展岩溶地区的地质灾害防治工作,建立了一套有关岩溶发育与工程效应的理论,为岩溶地区的开发及灾害防治做出了杰出的贡献。 相似文献
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融合生态学和提升岩溶水数值模拟技术的国际前沿研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
岩溶水由于其脆弱性和非均质性被认为是水文地质领域的重点研究方向。2015年6月在英国伯明翰大学举办的岩溶水国际会议吸引了世界上100多位长期从事岩溶水研究的学者参加,会议从岩溶地质、岩溶水模拟、特殊生态系统、岩溶环境以及水文地质技术方法五个方面进行研讨,提出了很多新认识。例如利用岩溶水模拟进行管道位置的预测;发展分布式混合水流模型已经成为岩溶水模拟的主流;开展岩溶含水层地下生物多样性的调查;注重岩溶环境的评价、科普和保护的衔接等。未来岩溶水研究的动向具有以下特征:(1)岩溶水的研究范畴将扩大到生态学领域;(2)岩溶水模拟的精度将得到显著提高;(3)与人类健康有关的岩溶环境得到更多的关注。为此建议中国地质调查项目跟上国际岩溶水研究的形势,提高地质调查成果的科技含量,尽快实现模型化,增强服务社会的功能。 相似文献
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岩溶水由于其脆弱性和非均质性被认为是水文地质领域的重点研究方向。2015年6月在英国伯明翰大学举办的岩溶水国际会议吸引了世界上100多位长期从事岩溶水研究的学者参加,会议从岩溶地质、岩溶水模拟、特殊生态系统、岩溶环境以及水文地质技术方法五个方面进行研讨,提出了很多新认识。例如利用岩溶水模拟进行管道位置的预测;发展分布式混合水流模型已经成为岩溶水模拟的主流;开展岩溶含水层地下生物多样性的调查;注重岩溶环境的评价、科普和保护的衔接等。未来岩溶水研究的动向具有以下特征:(1)岩溶水的研究范畴将扩大到生态学领域;(2)岩溶水模拟的精度将得到显著提高;(3)与人类健康有关的岩溶环境得到更多的关注。为此建议中国地质调查项目跟上国际岩溶水研究的形势,提高地质调查成果的科技含量,尽快实现模型化,增强服务社会的功能。 相似文献
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杭州市西部岩溶山区地面塌陷及地下水资源开发初步研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
刘思秀 《地质灾害与环境保护》2000,11(1):11-16
杭州市西部岩溶山区因开采地下水引发了近20起岩溶地面塌陷(变形)现象,造成人员伤亡和经济损失,成为西湖风景区的主要地质环境问题.由于岩溶水水质优良,可达到Ⅰ级(饮用)水标准,其允许开采资源量512.7×104 m3/a,其中,环西湖山区开采量366.7×104 m3/a.为充分利用优质岩溶水的饮用水功能,既要保护地质环境、防止地面塌陷的发生,又要充分利用岩溶水资源,做到资源开发与环境保护的协调统一.为此,提出合理开发岩溶水资源、防止地面塌陷的对策措施. 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水(地热水)中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于(亚)砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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