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通过对高原地区一次强对流天气过程的天气形势、物理量、雷达回波强度等资料的综合分析得出,高海拔地区雹云演变有初生、发展、成熟、减弱四个阶段,回波由弱、零散、豆点状、无组织的对流单体变为强、组织有序的飑线,回波中心强度达到60dbz以上,回波顶高度超过12.0km,50dbz强回波上界超过8km. 相似文献
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通过对2005年7月16~18日发生在四川省凉山州境内的一次强降水天气过程的天气形势、物理量场、雷达回波特征等资料的综合分析得出,在有利于强降水发生的环流背景下,产生暴雨的雷达回波持续时间较长,超过14个小时,雷达回波有合并加强的现象发生,也有上游地区不断有新生雷达回波并入暴雨区的现象发生,强降水云团的回波强度要大于25dbz,顶高超过10km,但是,强度超过40dbz的强降水回波主体位于零度层以下。 相似文献
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通过对2005年7月16～18日发生在四川省凉山州境内的一次强降水天气过程的天气形势、物理量场、雷达回波特征等资料的综合分析得出,在有利于强降水发生的环流背景下,产生暴雨的雷达回波持续时间较长,超过14个小时,雷达回波有合并加强的现象发生,也有上游地区不断有新生雷达回波并入暴雨区的现象发生,强降水云团的回波强度要大于25dbz,顶高超过10km,但是,强度超过40dbz的强降水回波主体位于零度层以下. 相似文献
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重庆市经过3年春夏季节防雹作业,取得了较好较果。主要是,一要正确识别雹云,尤其是强雹暴。统计分析表明,雷达回波强度N≥50dbz,回波顶高Hm≥10km,强回波区高度H△X≥8km3个综合指标是识别雹云的较好方法。二是要枞据回波强度、顶高,强回波区高度的差异采用不同的作业方式及用弹量。并对3年防雹效果进行了检查,其效果较好。 相似文献
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一次对流性强降雨过程的雷达特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用新一代多普勒雷达探测资料和自动站雨量资料,针对2008年9月22~23日夜间四川省北川附近的强降雨天气过程,基于反射率因子、液态水含量、体扫雨量等资料,对四川盆地内对流性强降雨天气的雷达回波特征进行了深入分析,分析表明,①四川盆地内对流性强降雨天气的强风暴单体具有前倾、低质心、悬垂结构等特征,且引起强降雨的强对流风暴移动缓慢。②低仰角反射率因子强度与雨强有较好对应关系,2.4~6.0度仰角的回波强度越强,降雨强度也就越强,当2.4度仰角的回波强度超过50dbz时,将出现雨强>1mm/分钟的短时强降雨。③四川盆地内产生对流性强降雨的强对流风暴在其生消过程中有一个回波强度质心下移的过程,而当6.0度仰角的回波强度下降迅速时,降雨强度也相应地趋于减弱。④四川盆地内产生对流性强降雨的强对流风暴雷达回波特征有较明显的跃增现象,当低仰角的回波强度增率≥14dbz/体扫,垂直液态水含量增率≥10 kg/m2时,20~30分钟后强降雨产生,可作为短时强降雨预警指标。 相似文献
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用雨滴谱资料校验XDR雷达回波强度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
XDR雷达在成都市人工影响天气的应用过程中，由于雷达回波衰减，经常发现在强降水天气情况下其提供的回波强度dbz与实际情况不同，如炮点出现强降水而雷达在炮点位置的回波很小甚至没有。而利用雨滴谱可计算出近地面气象目标的dbz值，该值可比较客观地反映近地面的降水情况。本文讨论了利用雨谪谱计算近地面气象目标dbz值的方法。以及比较该值与XDR雷达提供的dbz值的差异，并从中找出这些差异的规律，以利用雨谪谱资料校验XDR雷达回波强度。 相似文献
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为了做好江西雷电监测预警和预报服务工作，使用天气图资料、地面气象要素、雷电数据、江西WebGIS雷达拼图、单部雷达产品等资料，采用天气学、统计学和雷达气象学等分析方法，对2021年3月江西两次雷击事件进行分析，结果表明：（1）两次雷击事件是由超级单体和强单体回波系统影响产生。（2）超级单体回波有四个特征：①具有≥60 dBZ回波强度，并存有≥65 dBZ回波核；②强回波面积≥10×10 km2；③强回波梯度≤8 km；④在强回波移动方向的下风方有云砧形成的“前伸”回波结构；强单体回波的回波强度（没有回波核）、强回波面积、强回波梯度和“前伸”回波结构都弱于超级单体回波。（3）超级单体CR回波强度达到65 dBZ，ET回波顶高达到11～12 km，VIL垂直累积液态水含量达到60 kg/m2；垂直反射率因子RCS向移动方向倾斜、55 dBZ强回波顶高达到8 km、65 dBZ强中心悬挂在6 km高度；垂直径向速度VCS在强回波区存在速度对、-5～19 m·s-1 速度达到弱切变的强度。（4）强单体回波CR强度达到60 dBZ，ET顶高达到9～10 km，VIL垂直累积液态水含量达到50～60 kg/m2；强单体回波垂直反射率因子RCS倾斜角度弱于超级单体，55 dBZ强回波顶高达到8 km，60 dBZ强回波高度伸展到6 km，没有65 dBZ强回波中心；垂直径向速度VCS表现为正速度区分成上下两层。研究结果为江西雷电天气的监测预警和预报服务，减轻雷击灾害提供有指导意义的范例。 相似文献
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XDR雷达在成都市人工影响天气的应用过程中,由于雷达回波衰减,经常发现在强降水天气情况下其提供的回波强度dbz与实际情况不同,如炮点出现强降水而雷达在炮点位置的回波很小甚至没有.而利用雨滴谱可计算出近地面气象目标的dbz值,该值可比较客观地反映近地面的降水情况.本文讨论了利用雨谪谱计算近地面气象目标dbz值的方法,以及比较该值与XDR雷达提供的dbz值的差异,并从中找出这些差异的规律,以利用雨谪谱资料校验XDR雷达回波强度. 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献