共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
分析了石鲈科4属10种鱼类S7核糖体蛋白基因内含子1部分序列特征,采用MP法和NJ法构建系统发育树.结果表明,在分子系统树上,10种石鲈科(Haemulidae)鱼类共组成两大类群,其中髭鲷属(Hapalogenys)鱼类和胡椒鲷属(Plectorhynchus)鱼类聚成一类群,石鲈属(Pomadasys)鱼类和仿石鲈属(Haemulon)鱼类聚成一类群,两类群再聚成一支,10种石鲈科鱼类构成单一分支类群.髭鲷属鱼类跟胡椒鲷属鱼类的亲缘关系较近.基于遗传距离分析表明,相对于石鲈属,髭鲷属鱼类跟仿石鲈属鱼类的遗传距离较小.因此,研究结果支持髭鲷属的分类地位是介于胡椒鲷属和仿石鲈属之间,未能从石鲈科中独立出来形成髭鲷科(Hapalogeniidae). 相似文献
2.
5种石鲈科鱼类细胞色素b基因序列及分子系统分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
测定了石鲈科的花尾胡椒鲷Plectorhynchus cinctus、少棘胡椒鲷Diagramma pictum、斜带髭鲷Hapaloge-nys nitens、大斑石鲈Pomadasys maculates和点石鲈Pomadasys kaakan5种鱼类的线粒体细胞色素b基因的部分序列402bp,选用鲤Cyprinus carpio作外群,生成代表石鲈科4个属鱼类的数据集,采用邻接法和最大简约法构建了分子系统树,结果显示髭鲷属Hapalogenys和胡椒鲷属Plectorhynchus之间的亲缘关系较近,这2个属与石鲈属Pomadasys亲缘关系相近;少棘胡椒鲷属Diagramma与其它3个属的亲缘关系较远,支持把少棘胡椒鲷从胡椒鲷属归入到少棘胡椒鲷属的分类。 相似文献
3.
本研究采集了分布在西太平洋的石斑鱼亚科10属共40种鱼类，采用PCR扩增及测序技术获得所有样品16S rRNA、COI基因部分序列，利用最大似然法构建系统进化树并分析。结果表明:40种鱼类COI基因为651 bp，编码227个氨基酸，16S rRNA基因同源序列566 bp，序列存在一定的碱基插入与缺失，各物种16S rRNA基因序列变异比COI要少，序列较为保守。构建的系统进化树上，在本研究的石斑鱼亚科10个属中，鳃棘鲈属分类地位最原始，位于进化树基部，6种鳃棘鲈能聚成一个单系；烟鲈属与九棘鲈属关系较近，两者聚为一支，侧牙鲈属的进化地位介于鳃棘鲈属与九棘鲈属之间；石斑鱼属的进化地位最高，位于进化树顶部，形成两个平行分支，但是石斑鱼属种类未能聚成一个单系；驼背鲈属、鸢鮨属、下美鮨属、光腭鲈属及宽额鲈属均未能形成独立分支，而是与石斑鱼属种类聚在一起，显示其与石斑鱼属有很近的亲缘关系，部分可能是石斑鱼属的特化类群。 相似文献
4.
基于核DNA分子标记S7核糖体蛋白基因内含子1部分序列对分布于南海及美洲,非洲,大洋洲等周边海区的石鲈属鱼类11种,结合石鲈亚科其他属如仿石鲈属,异孔石鲈属,八带石鲈属及锯鳃石鲈属等21种鱼类的系统进化关系进行了研究分析。利用最大简约法以及贝叶斯法构建了系统进化树。进化树上,石鲈属的种类并没有形成一个单系,除了大斑石鲈,断斑石鲈等6种石鲈属鱼类聚成一石鲈属的分支外,其他石鲈属种类都位于进化树的不同位置。侧扁石鲈与八带石鲈聚在一起,大棘石鲈与异孔石鲈属聚在一起。红海石鲈与纵带石鲈与仿石鲈属的种类关系较近,佩氏石鲈最先分化出来,位于整个石鲈亚科分支基部。该分类关系与其各自的地理分布情况有着一定的联系。 相似文献
5.
本研究基于线粒体DNA分子标记NADH脱氢酶亚基1基因(ND1)部分序列分析了印度-西太平洋海域的胡椒鲷属及少棘胡椒鲷属共16种胡椒鲷鱼类的系统进化关系。采用最大简约法及最大似然法构建了系统进化树。进化树上,16种胡椒鲷鱼类共形成两个形态特征截然不同的类群,其中类群一的种类体表具有各种鲜艳的颜色与多变的斑纹,主要分布在西太平洋地区;类群二的种类颜色灰暗单一,少数体表具有暗色斑点与条纹,大多数分布在印度洋地区。此外,进化树上,少棘胡椒鲷属的种类都位于胡椒鲷属的类群一内部,与斑胡椒鲷,暗点胡椒鲷形成的姐妹种有较近的亲缘关系。基于遗传距离的数据,少棘胡椒鲷属与胡椒鲷属间的平均遗传距离小于胡椒鲷属内部种间的遗传距离,显示出少棘胡椒鲷属与胡椒鲷属有非常近的亲缘关系,支持少棘胡椒鲷归类于胡椒鲷属的观点。 相似文献
6.
《热带海洋学报》2014,(3)
文中探讨了线粒体COⅠ(线粒体细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ)和16S rRNA基因片段的遗传特性及其在鳎科鱼类种类鉴定和系统演化中的适用性。通过测序和下载GenBank中的相关数据,分别获得了鳎科14属24种鱼类的65个个体的COⅠ基因片段以及14属23种鱼类的62个个体的16S rRNA基因片段。从碱基组成来看,除北海牛舌鳎(Buglossidium luteum)的16S rRNA序列中A+T含量为49.8%以外,其余种类的A+T含量均高于50%。COⅠ片段的碱基变异比例(约占45.5%)略高于16S rRNA片段(约占44.3%)。序列变异程度分析表明,COⅠ基因在种内和属内种间的平均K2P遗传距离分别为0.33%和19.91%,而16S rRNA的相应值分别为0.26%和7.19%。前者种内和种间的遗传差异约为60倍(个别最小相差19倍),符合Hebert的相差10倍的物种鉴定标准;后者种内和种间的差异也有28倍(个别最小差值为5倍)。因此,COⅠ和16S rRNA序列均适用于鳎科鱼类的种类鉴定。另外,2种基因片段的遗传距离在不同分类阶元的分布上存在重叠,由于COⅠ序列的遗传距离重叠区域存在于较高的阶元之间(种间、属、科),而16S rRNA序列的重叠区域存在于较低的阶元之间(种内、种间、属)。因此,在应用这2个片段做系统演化研究时,应根据研究的不同系统水平需要选择适当的分子标记。 相似文献
7.
8.
基于线粒体COI基因序列的中国鲷科鱼类系统进化关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用PCR特异性扩增了采集于中国沿海的鲷科5属11种鱼类的线粒体COI基因序列,并结合Gen Bank已有的同源序列,对中国鲷科6属12种鱼类的分子系统进化关系进行研究。结果表明,中国鲷科6属12种鱼类的COI基因序列的平均碱基组成为T 30.4%、C 27.7%、A 23.5%、G 18.4%;属间Kimura双参数平均遗传距离为9.5%—19.7%,种间平均遗传距离为2.2%—21.8%,其中四长棘鲷属、赤鲷属和犁齿鲷属间的遗传距离(8.2%—13.8%)接近于棘鲷属多数种间遗传距离(6.5%—12.2%);分子系统树显示中国鲷科鱼类分为两大类群,类群I包括四长棘鲷属、犁齿鲷属、赤鲷属、牙鲷属等红体色种类,类群Ⅱ含平鲷属、棘鲷属等银灰体色种类,其中棘鲷属的冲绳棘鲷和黄鳍棘鲷先聚为姐妹群,澳洲棘鲷、黑棘鲷、灰鳍棘鲷和台湾棘鲷聚为另一支。本文结合已有研究结果得出:中国鲷科鱼类属间是先按体色、后按牙齿分化的,四长棘鲷属、犁齿鲷属和赤鲷属有相当密切的亲缘关系;中国棘鲷属是一个有共同祖先的单系群,属内存在两个平行进化的分支,两分支的种间关系具有明显的分化。 相似文献
9.
基于16S rRNA 部分序列探讨部分鳚亚目鱼类的分子系统进化关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过PCR扩增获得了3科5属6种中国黄渤海海域的鳚亚目(Blennioidei)鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因序列片段约669bp碱基,结合来自 GenBank的5种鳚亚目其他科鱼类的相应基因片段,并以眼斑雪冰鱼(Chionodraco rastrospinosus)为外群,生成供系统发育分析的序列矩阵,利用MEGA 4.0软件分析序列的碱基组成、差异百分比、转换/颠换值等,应用最大简约法(MP)和邻接法(NJ)构建系统发育树.结果显示:在鳚亚目鱼类的16S rRNA 片段生成的序列矩阵中发现有碱基的插入缺失现象,共有207 bp变异位点,转换/颠换值为0.8,碱基平均差异为3.36;支持绵鳚(Enchelyopus elongates)归于鳚亚目绵鳚科(Zoarcidae),鳚(Azuma emmnion)归于鳚亚目线鳚科(Stichaeidae);方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和云鳚(Enedrias nebulosus)种间遗传距离只有0.01,亲缘关系最近. 相似文献
10.
斜带髭鲷人工催产技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
斜带髭鲷（ＨａｐａｌｏｇｅｎｙｓｎｉｔｅｎｓＲｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ） ,隶属于石鲈科髭鲷属 ,系浅海中下层鱼类。由于其生长速度快、肉质细嫩 ,且市场销路好、价格高 ,近几年深受福建、广东等地广大网箱养殖户的青睐。１９９５年以来 ,一些单位和不少的个体育苗场相继开展了人工繁殖、育苗的研究及开发工作。但有关报道很少 ,在亲鱼培育、催产及人工育苗方面的技术尚不成熟 ,作者于１９９８～２０００年进行了亲鱼的培育及人工促熟催产实验 ,并取得较好的结果。现将研究结果报告如下 ,以期为斜带髭鲷大规模的人工育苗提供有关的基础数据和… 相似文献
11.
生物序列的比对是计算生物学中的1个基本问题.最近有些生物学家给出了RNA二级结构序列的一些3-D和4-D图形表示方法,它们能给出RNA序列的比较直观的表述.文中提出RNA二级结构序列的1种新的图形表示方法.首先依据RNA中碱基分类,将RNA二级结构序列分为8个子序列,并分别对8个子序列建立特征曲线,得到相应的数字指标,构造特征向量,用以进行比对.最后用该方法对9个不同病毒的同一段RNA二级结构序列进行比对以验证其可靠性. 相似文献
12.
方形网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia quadrangula)可作为研究水生动物生物学的良好模式动物。为探索细菌介导表达的双链RNA(dsRNA)对方形网纹溞进行RNA干扰(RNAi)技术是否可行,本研究构建了方形网纹溞肌动蛋白(actin)基因的干扰载体Actin-L4440,并将其转入大肠杆菌HT115。此宿主菌经异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后能表达actin基因部分片段的dsRNA。将此宿主菌投喂方形网纹溞,能抑制其体内actin基因的表达,并导致方形网纹溞死亡率明显提高。本研究成功构建了方形网纹溞的RNAi模型,为以后的研究提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
13.
RNA干扰,是1种由双链RNA引发的转录后基因沉默现象.作为1种有力的反向遗传学研究工具,RNA干扰被广泛用于阻断各种基因的表达.建立在RNA干扰技术基础上的基因治疗,被认为是治疗病毒性疾病的有效手段.在水产科学领域,RNA干扰在对虾病毒病控制上的应用近几年受到广泛的关注.病毒性疾病已经在世界范围内给对虾养殖业造成了严重的经济损失,目前还没有有效的控制手段.利用RNA干扰技术控制对虾病毒的侵染,是一个很有前途的方法.本文综述RNA干扰技术在对虾病毒病防治中的最新进展,并对RNA干扰技术控制病毒侵染的可能性进行探讨. 相似文献
14.
Mustafa Ergin Nizamettin Kazanci Baki Varol
zden Ileri Levent Karadenizli 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):391-403
Petrographic data obtained from 182 surface sediment samples together with the available bathymetric data are used to investigate the effects of the last major sea-level changes on shelf evolution in the southern Sea of Marmara. Grain-size analysis reveals the presence of at least three belts or zones which are rich in coarse-grained (sand and gravel) sediments. These coarse-grained belts which are up to 45 km long, 15 km wide, show up to 20 m of relief and are presently found at 40–80 m (average 60 m) water depths. Based on microscopic examination and residual analysis, the sediments from these belts are interpreted as indicators of high-energy shallow waters where detrital siliciclastics, with some benthic contribution, accumulated. The presence of a 62–65 m deep sill in the Çanakkale Strait and the consideration of sea-level curves would suggest that the Marmara shelves must have been subaerially exposed down to −65 m water depths for about 10,000 yrs (22,000–12,000 yrs B.P.), sufficient time to modify former shelf topographies and form such bottom relief. While difficult to date, we believe that coarse-grained belts found on the southern Marmara shelf must be relict (i.e., former shorelines, beaches) and their formation is largely related to low stands of sea-level during the Late Pleistocene regression and early Holocene transgression. However, the available high-resolution seismic profiling data suggest that the neotectonism in this seismically active Sea of Marmara plays an important role to explain the raise of these older shorelines to their present levels on the sea-floor. 相似文献
15.
Field measurements of fairweather bottom boundary layer processes and sediment suspension on the Louisiana inner continental shelf 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Field measurements of bottom boundary layer and sediment-transport processes were made on the Louisiana inner continental shelf in spring 1992 at a depth of 15.5 m, and in spring and summer 1993 at a depth of 20.5 m. Two different wave–current boundary layer/sediment-transport models were applied to the measured near-bed flows. In addition, the log-profile method was applied to estimate hydraulic roughness and bed stress. Consistent with the results of others, our measurements show that near-bed flows were very weak under non-storm conditions. Bed stresses were typically too low to resuspend bed sediments. However, the advection of high-turbidity layers or plumes past the instrumentation apparently caused a sustained period of high suspended sediment concentration throughout the log layer in spring 1993. In the absence of wave activity or high suspended sediment concentrations, boundary layer profiles showed the bed to have been hydraulically very smooth with cm. However, wave agitation, combined with increased suspended sediment concentration caused hydraulically rough conditions with cm. 相似文献
16.
In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location of subglacial streams along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers. This model can be used to interpret former grounding-line conditions in other glacimarine settings from the facies architecture within morainal bank deposits.The Muir Inlet morainal bank complex was deposited between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D., and historical observations provide a record of terminus positions, glacial retreat rates and sedimentary sources. These data are used to reconstruct the depositional environment and to develop a correlation between sedimentary facies and conditions along the grounding line.Four seismic facies identified on the high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles are used to interpret sedimentary facies within the morainal bank complex. Terminus stability is interpreted from the distribution of sedimentary facies within three distinct submarine geomorphic features, a grounding-line fan, stratified ridges, and a field of push ridges. The grounding-line fan was deposited along a stable terminus and is represented on seismic-reflection profiles by two distinct seismic facies, a proximal and a distal fan facies. The proximal fan facies was deposited at the efflux of subglacial streams and indicates the location of former glacifluvial discharges into the sea. Stratified ridges formed as a result of the influence of a quasi-stable terminus on the distribution of sedimentary facies along the grounding line. A field of push ridges formed along the grounding line of an unstable terminus that completely reworked the grounding-line deposits through glacitectonic deformation.Between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D. (39 years),
m3 of sediment were deposited within the Muir Inlet morainal bank complex at an average annual sediment accumulation rate of
m3/a. This rate represents the annual sediment production capacity of the glacier when the Muir Inlet drainage basin is filled with glacial ice. 相似文献
Full-size image
Full-size image
17.
A distinct porcellanite layer from the Southwest Indian Ridge intercalated in Pleistocene diatom ooze was studied using nondestructive physical property measurements and sedimentological data. This bed was sampled by two piston cores at a water depth of 2615 m. The 3–5 cm thick porcellanite layer appears in the cores at a depth of 6.03 m (Core PS2089-2) and 7.73 m (Core PS2089-1) below the seafloor. Due to its characteristic physical properties the porcellanite bed can be detected with core measurements, and its distribution and lateral extent mapped with echosounding. The physical index properties, wet bulk density and electrical resistivity, increase significantly across this bed. Magnetic susceptibility is used to compare the lithological units of both cores and to distinguish whether resistivity anomalies are caused by a higher amount of terrigenous components or by the presence of porcellanite. The porcellanite has the special characteristic to affect a positive anomaly in resistivity but not in susceptibility. Most marine sediments, in contrast, show a positive correlation of magnetic susceptibility versus electrical resistivity; therefore a combination of electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility logs yields a definite detection of the porcellanite bed. Images from the X-ray CT survey indicate that the porcellanite is lithified and brittle and fragmented when the piston corer penetrated the bed. 相似文献
18.
CaCO3 and total organic carbon concentrations, organic matter C/N and carbon isotope ratios, and sediment accumulation rates in late Quaternary sediments from DSDP Site 594 provide information about glacial–interglacial variations in the delivery of organic matter to the Chatham Rise offshore of southeastern New Zealand. Low C/N ratios and nearly constant organic δ13C values of −23‰ indicate that marine production dominates organic matter supply in both glacial and interglacial times during oxygen isotope stages 1 through 6 (0–140 ka) and 17 through 19 (660–790 ka). Increased organic carbon mass accumulation rates in isotope stages 2, 4, 6, and 18 record enhanced marine productivity during glacial maxima. Excursions of organic δ13C values to ca. −29‰ in portions of isotope stage 2 suggest that the local concentration of dissolved CO2 was occasionally elevated during the last glacial maximum, probably as a result of short periods of lowered sea-surface temperature. Dilution of carbonates by clastic continental sediment generally increases at this location during glacial maxima, but enhanced delivery of land-derived organic matter does not accompany the increased accumulation of clastic sediments. 相似文献
19.
The whole core squeezing method was used to simultaneously obtain profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogenous nutrients, and dissolved oxygen in sediments of Koaziro Bay, Japan (coastal water), the East China Sea (marginal sea), and the central Pacific Ocean (open ocean). In the spring of Koaziro Bay, subsurface peaks of interstitial N2O (0.5–3.5 cm depth) were observed, at which concentrations were higher than in the overlying water. This was also true for nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) profiles, suggesting that the transport of oxic overlying water to the depth through faunal burrows induced in situ N2O production depending on nitrification. In the summer of Koaziro Bay, sediment concentrations of N2O, NO3− and NO2− were lower than in the overlying water. In most East China Sea sediments, both N2O and NO3− decreased sharply in the top 0.5–2 cm oxic layer (oxygen: 15–130 μM), which may have indicated N2O and NO3− consumption by denitrification at anoxic microsites. N2O peaks at subsurface depth (0.5–6.5 cm) implied in situ production of N2O and/or its supply from the overlying water through faunal burrows. However, the occurrence of the latter process was not confirmed by the profiles of other constituents. In the central Pacific Ocean, the accumulation of N2O and NO3− in the sediments likely resulted from nitrification. Nitrous oxide fluxes from the sediments, calculated using its gradient at the sediment–water interface and the molecular diffusion coefficient, were −45 to 6.9 nmolN m−2 h−1 in Koaziro Bay in the spring, −29 to −21 nmolN m−2 h−1 in the summer, −46 to 37 nmolN m−2 h−1 in the East China Sea, 0.17 to 0.23 nmolN m−2 h−1 in the equatorial Pacific, and <±0.2 nmolN m−2 h−1 in the subtropical North Pacific, respectively. 相似文献
20.
海链藻目核糖体RNA基因片段的扩增及多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海链藻目(Thalassiosirales)的海链藻属(Thalassiosira)和骨条藻属(Skeletonema)微藻是形成春季赤潮的主要种类。为利用分子生物学方法分析表层海水主要赤潮形成藻的动态变化、快速鉴定赤潮形成藻种,设计了海链藻目特异引物,扩增了胶州湾近岸表层海水海链藻目18S核糖体RNA基因片断。随机测定10个序列,其中4个与海链藻属的Thalassiosi-ra concaviuscula的完全相同,其余的可确定属于海链藻属。表明该引物对能选择性地扩增海链藻目18S核糖体RNA基因片断。 相似文献