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地基望远镜在成像过程中,由于受大气湍流、望远镜静态像差、跟踪误差、指向误差及视场变化的影响,不同视场区域的PSF (Point Spread Function)具有差异;同时,不同望远镜获取的图像PSF也存在差异.将多个望远镜获取的星象直接叠加至相同的区域后,图像质量受像质最差的望远镜限制,最终观测分辨率和灵敏度均会受到影响.通过图像复原,可以提高图像质量,进而提高叠加效果.根据该思路提出了1种基于PSF分区的迭代图像复原方法:该方法首先通过SOM (Self-organizing Maps)对PSF进行聚类分析,利用同类别PSF的平均PSF进行反卷积,再将反卷积结果按PSF聚类结果分割为不同大小的子图,最后将子图进行拼接.图像复原在提高图像质量的同时,降低了PSF不一致性对图像叠加带来的影响.将几个望远镜在同一时刻获取的图像经反卷积处理之后利用图像配准算法进行矫正并叠加,可获得高信噪比图像.对实际望远镜获取的数据处理后的结果表明:图像在进行复原和叠加过程中,星象目标信噪比不断提升,提高了成像系统对暗星的探测能力. 相似文献
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大气湍流极大限制了地基大口径望远镜观测天文目标图像的空间分辨率.根据最大似然估计原理,提出了用实际光学带宽约束的可有效减小天文观测图像中大气湍流影响的盲反卷积方法,通过共轭梯度优化算法使卷积误差函数趋向最小.建立了望远镜光学系统参数和图像频域带宽的关系,采用变量正性约束、点扩散函数带宽有限约束,提高算法的收敛性.为避免图像处理中有效傅立叶变换频率超出截止频率,要求采集望远镜焦面图像时单个成像单元(如CCD像素单元)应小于四分之一衍射斑直径.算法中未用目标支持域约束,所提出的方法适用于全视场天文图像恢复.用计算机模拟和对实际天文目标双鱼座图像数据的恢复结果验证了所提出方法的有效性. 相似文献
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近地天体望远镜由SI600S (4k×4k) CCD升级为STA1600LN (10k×10k) CCD后,观测视场由4 deg~2增至9 deg~2,可用视场直径由望远镜原设计视场的3.14°增至4.28°,超出原设计36%,同时作为CCD密封窗的场镜增厚8.75 mm;两个因素导致10k CCD成像的轴外像差增大,视场外围的像质变差.依据望远镜原始设计光学参数,借助光学设计软件ZEMAX进行像质改善尝试,最终选择在10k CCD场镜前插入一个由两片球面透镜组成的场改正镜,使10k CCD的轴外像差得到校正.同时还提出了一个进一步拓展近地天体望远镜观测能力的设计方案,将望远镜的可用视场从目前的14.38 deg~2扩展至28.27 deg~2. 相似文献
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本文利用GSC和SAO星表以及2.16m望远镜底片上星象位置的xy测量值,分析了该望远镜卡焦平面上星象位置的误差分布,提出了改正解析表达式.利用SUN工作站计算打印出了适合多目标光纤系统光纤探头定位用的纸质观测机场星图,代替采用照相底片作多纤维观测的视场模板,取得了满意的观测效果提高了工作效率. 相似文献
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一架先进的设计、精心加工的光学望远镜,在工厂或组装车间检查光学质量合格后,在观测地点安装调整后必须要经过检验。因为在安装调整中,如果光学部件(如主镜和副镜)的光轴有横向偏离、倾斜,或者相互间距有偏差,都会使星象质量变坏。以我台将要进口的2.4m反射望远镜为例,讨论了在主副镜的安装调整中若产生误差,给星象质量带来的影响,从而可作为检验和验收望远镜时的参考。 相似文献
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一架先进的设计、精心加工的光学望远镜，在工厂或组装车间检查光学质量合格后，在观测地点安装调整后必须要经过检验。因为在安装调整中，如果光学部件(如主镜和副镜)的光轴有横向偏离、倾斜，或者相互间距有偏差，都会使星象质量变坏。以我台将要进口的2．4m反射望远镜为例，讨论了在主副镜的安装调整中若产生误差，给星象质量带来的影响，从而可作为检验和验收望远镜时的参考。 相似文献
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受地球大气影响, 使用地基光学望远镜观测角距离较小的双星系统或主卫星系统时往往会出现星象不可分辨的情况. 因此, 系统光心位置与系统质心位置可能存在一定的偏差. 准确地测量太阳系天体系统质心位置可以改进其轨道参数, 有助于揭示太阳系的形成与演化. 以矮行星Haumea及其亮卫星Hiíaka的运动为例, 仿真系统光心围绕质心扰动的过程, 探究视宁度(用星象的半高全宽表示)变化对准确测量光心位置的影响. 仿真结果表明, 使用二维高斯定心算法测定的系统光心位置随视宁度变化, 而修正矩定心算法的定心结果不受视宁度的影响. 根据仿真结果, 研究能够有效减少视宁度变化对光心位置准确测量影响的定心算法十分必要; 同时, 新的定心算法还需考虑主星光度变化的影响. 使用云南天文台2.4m望远镜, 1m望远镜以及紫金山天文台姚安观测站0.8m望远镜从2022年2月7日至2022年5月25日观测矮行星Haumea系统, 得到29晚共463幅CCD图像. 新定心算法确定的光心位置与使用二维高斯定心算法的结果相比具有更好的位置拟合效果. 此外, 还发现亮卫星Hiíaka在Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)历表与Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des ''Ephémérides (IMCCE)历表中的位置存在较大偏差. 相似文献
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《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(4):542-558
The scientific objective of the Planetary (& Lunar) Rotation Monitor (PRM) telescope is to study the terrestrial planet's (the Moon's) rotation and its interior structure and physics by in-situ observation. In order to verify the brand new principle of observations and the data processing method, the prototype of the telescope is designed and manufactured. The prototype's optical system consists of a commercial telescope and trihedron mirror set placed at the entrance of its light path to realize the capability of observing three fields of view (FOVs) simultaneously. The ground-based validation observation began in 2017, and the images containing the stars from three FOVs were achieved. Star images from different FOVs are initially mixed together, but they can be classified into the three FOVs respectively by calculating the displacement of star images on the CCD plate between two adjacent exposures, to make the observational effect be identical with three independent observations of the three FOVs respectively. After image processing, from the orientation variation of the three FOVs simultaneously in space due to the Earth's rotation, the direction of the rotation axis of the Earth in space can be derived. Its deviation from the theoretical value is about 1 in average, indicating that the working principle and data processing method are effective. The main errors in observations are discussed, including the atmospheric refraction, the thermal deformation of the commercial telescope tube, the low optical resolution caused by the short focal length, the optical aberration in the multi-FOV observation, etc. It is indicated that the spatial resolution of the telescope can be enhanced with a longer focal length, and the observational reliability can be improved by optimizing the thermal deformation control. Improving the optical design in the simultaneous observation of multiple FOVs will also be helpful to the accuracy enhancement. 相似文献
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K. S. Gothe T. P. Prabhu P. R. Vishwanath B. S. Acharya R. Srinivasan V. R. Chitnis P. U. Kamath G. Srinivasulu F. Saleem P. M. M. Kemkar P. K. Mahesh F. Gabriel J. Manoharan N. Dorji T. Dorjai D. Angchuk A. I. D’souza S. K. Duhan B. K. Nagesh S. K. Rao S. K. Sharma B. B. Singh P. V. Sudersanan M. Tashi Thsering S. S. Upadhya G. C. Anupama R. J. Britto R. Cowsik L. Saha A. Shukla 《Experimental Astronomy》2013,35(3):489-506
An array of seven atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes was commissioned at a high altitude site in Hanle in the Ladakh region of the Himalayas. The array called HAGAR has been designed to observe celestial γ-rays of energy >100 GeV. Each telescope is altitude-azimuth mounted and carries seven parabolic mirrors whose optic axes are co-aligned with the telescope axis. The telescopes point and track a celestial source using a PC-based drive control system. Two important issues in positioning of each HAGAR telescope are pointing accuracy of telescope axis and co-alignment of mirrors’ optic axes with the telescope axis. We have adopted a three pronged strategy to address these issues, namely use of pointing models to improve pointing accuracy of the telescopes, RA-DEC scan technique to measure the pointing offsets of the mirrors and mechanical fine-tuning of off-axis mirrors by sighting a distant stationary light source. This paper discusses our efforts in this regard as well as the current status of pointing and monitoring of HAGAR telescopes. 相似文献
13.
先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S)卫星姿控分系统的主要任务是实现高精度、高稳定度对日指向控制. ASO-S卫星的科学载荷中,白光望远镜(White-light Solar Telescope, WST)前端配置了太阳导行镜(Guide Telescope, GT)稳像系统,利用正交分布光电二极管组成的边缘探测器测量导行镜光轴与太阳中心的偏差角.提出了一种将GT测量值引入姿态控制闭环的控制方法:利用星敏陀螺定姿算法获得卫星-太阳方向姿态偏差, GT测量值确定非卫星-太阳方向姿态偏差;以4斜装反作用轮组为执行机构,进行三轴零动量稳定姿态控制.通过数学仿真验证,基于GT测量值的姿态控制器在非卫星-太阳方向的绝对指向精度优于2′′、相对姿态稳定度优于1′′/60 s,满足ASO-S卫星高精度高稳定度的对日指向要求. 相似文献
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针对太赫兹波段天文点源目标较少, 指向测量相对困难的特点, 研究了利用与太赫兹天线共轴的小型光学望远镜来辅助太赫兹望远镜指向测量以及建立指向误差修正模型的方法. 依托紫金山天文台1.2 m斜轴式太赫兹天线开展了光学辅助指向测量的实验研究, 利用一台安装在天线背架上的100mm口径折射式光学望远镜获得了优于2$''$的指向测量精度. 此外, 通过对斜轴天线的结构分析以及大气折射和本地恒星时(Local Sidereal Time, LST)偏差等误差来源的分析, 建立了包含23个误差项的斜轴式光学指向修正模型, 实现了约3$''$的拟合精度. 最后, 借助高精度数字摄影测量对光电轴一致性进行了标定, 并针对其对指向模型精度的影响进行了讨论. 研究成果将为南极5 m太赫兹望远镜(The 5m Dome A Terahertz Explorer, DATE5)及其他太赫兹望远镜提供指向测量和指向修正模型方面的技术参考. 相似文献
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描述了采用光学望远镜辅助天马13m射电望远镜进行指向测量以及建立指向误差修正模型的方法. 对于小口径望远镜, 指向校准目标源比较少, 用射电法建立指向模型难以覆盖全天区. 利用上海天文台天马13m射 电望远镜进行光学望远镜辅助射电望远镜指向测量研究, 在13m天线背架上安装一套光学指向系统, 获得了优 于3''的重复测量误差. 此外, 通过对影响天线指向因素的分析, 建立了包含8个误差项的指向误差修正模型以及 光轴和电轴偏差模型. 将指向模型代入天线伺服控制系统, 对校准目标射电源进行十字扫描, 得到指向样本残差约 为5''. 该研究可以为实现高精度指向建模提供一种参考方法. 相似文献
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利用全球卫星激光测距服务系统(ILRS,International Laser Ranging Service)标准点资料对Ajisai卫星进行精密定轨,残差均方根(RMS)优于3 cm,得到该星的精密轨道.进而对长春站40 cm空间碎片光电望远镜获得的Ajisai卫星的天文定位资料进行精度分析,外符合精度约3″左右.单独利用天文定位数据进行轨道改进,内符合精度优于3″.改进轨道的x、y、z坐标3分量在观测数据覆盖范围内的精度在100 m之内.同样地对Jason-1卫星作数据分析,结果和Ajisai卫星精度相当.分析各个弧段的精度变化,发现定标星个数减少,会导致天文定位精度下降.据此提出可以把最少定标星比例作为评定数据质量的参考指标之一. 相似文献
17.
H. Touma 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,258(1-2):47-53
The interest in a Rotating Slit-Aperture Telescope (RSAT) among other synthetic aperture telescopes is its capability of being
easily coupled with a spectrograph, in order to give reconstructed images of an astronomical object as a function of the light
wavelength. Each colored image is comparable with the others for fruitful astrophysical applications. The principle of image
reconstruction is well known: it consists of the inversion of the set of projections (Radon transform) given by the telescope
during its rotation around its optical axis. A full coverage of the two dimensional Fourier plane can be obtained by rotating
the SAT. This problem has led to intense developments for medical imaging (tomography). One of the main difficulties in the
reconstruction process in space may come from the jitter of the rotation axis of the RSAT. A set of projections uncorrected
for this jitter produces very fuzzy reconstructed images. An elegant solution to the necessary phasing between successive
projections is proposed which makes use of a small auxilliary telescope, and some numerical simulations are presented.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Lance A. M. Benner Steven J. Ostro Michael C. Nolan Jean‐Luc Margot Jon D. Giorgini R. Scott Hudson Raymond F. Jurgens Martin A. Slade Ellen S. Howell Donald B. Campbell Donald K. Yeomans 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2002,37(6):779-792
Abstract— We report results of delay‐Doppler observations of 1999 JM8 with the Goldstone 8560 MHz (3.5 cm) and Arecibo 2380 MHz (13 cm) radars over 18 days in July‐August 1999. The images place thousands of pixels on the asteroid and achieve range resolutions as fine as 15 m/pixel. The images reveal an asymmetric, irregularly shaped object with a typical overall dimension within 20% of 7 km. If we assume that 1999 JM8's effective diameter is 7 km, then the absolute magnitude, 15.15, and the average Goldstone radar cross section, 2.49 km2, correspond to optical and radar albedos of 0.02 and 0.06, establishing that 1999 JM8 is a dark object at optical and radar wavelengths. The asteroid is in a non‐principal axis spin state that, although not yet well determined, has a dominant periodicity of ?7 days. However, images obtained between July 31 and August 9 show apparent regular rotation of features from day to day, suggesting that the rotation state is not far from principal axis rotation. 1999 JM8 has regions of pronounced topographic relief, prominent facets several kilometers in extent, numerous crater‐like features between ?100 m and 1.5 km in diameter, and features whose structural nature is peculiar. Arecibo images provide the strongest evidence to date for a circular polarization ratio feature on any asteroid. Combined optical and radar observations from April 1990 to December 2000 permit computation of planetary close approach times to within ± 10 days over the interval from 293 to at least 2907, one of the longest spans for any potentially hazardous asteroid. Integration of the orbit into the past and future shows close approaches to Earth, Mars, Ceres, and Vesta, but the probability of the object impacting Earth is zero for at least the next nine centuries. 相似文献
19.
在经过长期运行后大口径射电望远镜俯仰轴会出现微小扭曲, 滚动轴承作为承载俯仰轴的核心部件, 也会因长期承受交变载荷增加疲劳风险, 导致轴承寿命以及望远镜指向精度的下降, 极大影响望远镜的性能. 以俯仰轴承为研究对象, 开展故障辨识方法研究, 可为望远镜天线的高性能运行提供重要支撑. 为实现在有限数据和复杂工作条件下准确地辨识俯仰轴承故障, 提出了一种小样本条件下基于元学习的故障辨识方法(Few-shot Meta-learning Fault Identification, FMFI). 首先将不同工况下的原始信号转换为时频图像数据, 之后按照元学习协议将数据样本随机采样到不同的学习任务中. 在有限样本的条件下, FMFI可以通过训练任务中的样本信息获取通用的先验知识, 在未知的测试任务下实现准确快速的故障辨识. 选取了与望远镜俯仰轴承工况具有相似性的变负载轴承数据集进行实验, 实验结果表明, FMFI方法具有很高的准确性和可靠性, 为大口径射电望远镜俯仰轴承的主动运维和高质量服役提供了有力的技术支持. 相似文献
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地基光学天文望远镜是人类探索与研究宇宙的重要手段, 对已有地基光学台址的光学观测环境进行监测分析, 可以为后期设备针对性改造以及观测者调整观测策略提供参考依据, 对提升地基光学设备的观测效能具有重要的意义. 吉林天文观测基地(简称``基地'')隶属于中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站, 位于吉林省吉林市大绥河镇小绥河村南沟约5 km处(东经126.3\circ, 北纬43.8\circ, 海拔高度313m). 基地大气视宁度均值范围约为1.3$''$--1.4$''$、天顶附近V波段的天光背景亮度为20.64magcdotarcsec-2、年晴夜数最高可达270余天, 具有良好的天文观测条件. 吉林天文观测基地于2016年投入运行, 现有1.2m光电望远镜、迷你光电阵列望远镜、大视场光电望远镜阵列、新型多功能阵列结构光电探测平台等多台(套)光电望远镜设备. 利用上述设备, 主要围绕空间目标探测与识别、精密轨道确定、光电探测新方法以及变源天体的多色测光等开展相关研究工作, 与多家国内高校及科研院所保持着良好的合作关系. 相似文献