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采用相关分析和通径分析的方法,研究了扁玉螺的表型形态性状对体重和软体部重的影响。随机抽取2龄扁玉螺100只,分别测定其壳宽、壳高、壳顶至胼胝高、体高、厣长、厣宽、体重、软体部重共8项性状参数,并分别计算了各性状间的相关系数,以及以表型性状为自变量对体重和软体部重作因变量的通径系数和决定系数。结果表明,各表型性状与体重、软体部重之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。壳宽对体重和软体部重的直接效应均为最大,对二者的决定程度也最高,是影响体重和软体部重的最主要因素;而厣宽、壳顶至胼胝高和体高的直接作用较小,它们主要通过壳宽的间接作用影响体重和软体部重。因此,对壳宽的直接选择可有效地增加体重和软体部重,对壳顶至胼胝高、厣宽和体高的选择也有助于增加扁玉螺的重量。 相似文献
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I~IOXCymatium Pleare is a speCies of carnivorous m~astrDgh. It is a key predator on cultured bivalves and causes mass mortality and great econondcal lOSS in ffenan and some otherwarmer waters of China (Xie, 1995; Zhou and Pan, 1999). In predatory speCies, thestructure and function of its digestive system are directly related to its predatory behavior, sothat studies on the digestive system of C. pleare will help to understand its predation and toadopt p~r control methods. AlthoUgh there… 相似文献
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为调查斯氏并殖吸虫拟钉螺宿主,现场采集螺标本,进行形态分类和生态考察及螺体寄生虫检查.发现拟钉螺属(Tricula)一新种,命名为建欧拟钉螺(Tricula jianouensis sp.nov.),螺壳高3.125 mm,壳宽1.600 mm,体螺层高1.125 mm,壳口长径1.275 mm,壳口宽径0.925 mm.螺口外缘翘起呈铲状;轴缘与外缘形成较窄夹角,内唇嵴明显高出,与体螺层间有一沟状隙.齿舌每一横列有7枚齿,齿式:2-1-2/2-2·3-1-3·11(14)·14(15).该螺充当斯氏并殖吸虫第一中间宿主,斯氏并殖吸虫尾蚴感染率为0.11%. 相似文献
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应用显微与超微技术研究了大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)初孵仔鱼至60日龄幼鱼免疫器官——头肾、胸腺与脾脏的发育.结果表明,免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺.3日龄仔鱼出现头肾原基,原始造血干细胞最早被发现于头肾,很快分化成不同类型的细胞.4日龄仔鱼出现脾脏原基和胸腺原基.脾脏靠近内脏,含大量窦状隙,有丰富的毛细血管、血细胞与血小板.胸腺是最迟出现的淋巴器官,但发育较快.胸腺位于鳃腔背上角,主要由胸腺细胞(淋巴细胞)和上皮细胞组成,分为外区和内区,二者虽没有明显界限,但容易区分.免疫器官出现小淋巴细胞顺序是胸腺、头肾和脾脏;淋巴组织的发育相对滞后.在大黄鱼仔鱼早期发育阶段,非特异性免疫系统起着重要作用. 相似文献
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在海产贝类中对某些“近似种”间的鉴定工作困难颇多,主要是:(一)某些近似种客观上虽然是自然界中真实的种,但因研究不够,尚未找出彼此间主要的区別点；(二)也有一些是把多型种(polytypic specic)中某些分类特征上有变异的地区种群(local population)错误地描述为种。本文探讨了我国沿岸分布广而习见的花冠小月螺Lunella coronat(Gmelin),根据其形态特征变异的规律,认为它是一个多型种。
总的看来,过去多数学者,在鉴定标本时,没有充分了解和反映出各地区种群间在形态特征方面的变异,因此在划分T. coronatus,T. granulatus和T. cortesis这三“种”时遇到了困难。
本文利用生物统计学方法研究了花冠小月螺Lunella coronate (Gmelin)的形态特征,一方面说明某些形态特征会随着个体生长年龄的不同表现出一定的相关变异。另一方面也说明随各地区种群分布纬度不同而显示的地理变异。结果证明前人鉴定的L.granulata和L.coreensis乃是L.coronata这一多型种的地理亚种。 相似文献
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A histological and ultrastructural study was performed on the development of the head kidney, thymus, and spleen in Pseudosciaena crocea aging in range from just hatching to the 60th day after hatching (DAH). Head kidney was first present on the 3rd DAH. Primordial haemopoietic stem cells were first observed in the head kidney which rapidly differentiate into different cellular types. Progenitor spleen was present on the 4th DAH, located close to the gut, which soon became rich in blood capillaries, red blood cells and thrombocytes. The thymus was obvious on the 4th DAH, and was located on either side of the upper corner of the opercular cavity, closely under the membrance of the opercuhr cavity. The thymus was the last lymphoid organ to appear but showed a quick development. This organ seemed to originate from haemopoietic stem cells migrating from the head region of the kidney. The thymus consisted of outer thymocytic and inner epithelioid zones. There was no obvious demarcation between them, but both zones were visible. Small lymphocytes appeared, or lymphoid organs become lymphoid, in the sequence thymus, head kidney and spleen. Only a small number of lymphocytes appeared in the later stages. Non-specific systems may play an important role in the immunocompetence mechanisms of P. crocea during its early development stage. 相似文献
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The Pacific-type orogeny in the Tohoku Island Arc is discussed using marine geological and geophysical data from both Pacific and Japan Sea along the Tohoku region. The Tohoku Arc is divided into three belts; inner volcanic and sedimentary belt, intermediate uplifted belt and outer sedimentary trench belt. Thick Neogene sediments which are distinguished in several layers by continuous seismic reflection profiling occur on both sides of the intermediate belt. The dominant structural trend of the Neogene layers is approximately parallel to the coast line and to the axis of the Japan Trench and has a extension of approximately 100 km in each unit on the Pacific side. The trench slope break is an uplifted zone of Neogene layers. The structural trend of the upper continental slope and outer shelf is relative uplift of the landward side. Tilted block movement toward the west is the dominant structural trend on the Japan Sea side. Structural trends which can be seen in both the inner and outer belts may suggest horizontal compressional stress of east to west. Orogenesis and tectogenesis in the Tohoku Arc has been active since early Miocene or latest Oligocene. It may be implied that the Japan Trench was not present during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene, as is suggested by the volcanism of the Tohoku Arc. The basic framework of the present structure was formed during late Miocene to early Pliocene in both the inner and outer belts. Structural movements were reactivated during late Pleistocene. 相似文献
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用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察研究健康刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）呼吸树的形态结构,并观察研究濒死刺参呼吸树的异常,结果显示：刺参呼吸树由外向内依次为体腔上皮、肌层、血腔、内皮细胞和中央腔。体腔上皮细胞游离面有长而不规则的微绒毛,细胞上部吞饮小泡丰富,细胞中常见吞噬体。内皮细胞表面有各种形状的细胞突起,细胞顶浆分泌活跃,细胞内质膜小泡丰富。体腔上皮细胞和内皮细胞中丰富的吞饮小泡和质膜小泡提示这两种细胞具有吸收功能。体腔上皮和内皮下连续成层的基膜围戍呼吸树中封闭的血腔。内皮层与内皮基膜构成呼吸树的呼吸膜,由泄殖腔进入呼吸树中央腔的海水和呼吸树血腔中的血液经此气一血屏障进行气体交换,完成呼吸作用。体腔上皮与上皮下基膜构成体腔液一血液屏障,刺参的体腔液与呼吸树血腔中的血液经此屏障进行物质交换。呼吸树还在渗透压调节和代谢产物排泄中起作用。在濒死刺参的呼吸树中,纤毛虫大量积聚在中央腔中并附着在内皮层上,导致呼吸作用不能正常进行,这可能是当养殖水体恶化时造成刺参患病并死亡的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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于１９９１年４月，从长江口采集葛氏长臂虾标本，实验室进行幼体发育研究，结果表明，幼体自孵出后，在水温２４℃、盐度１２、饵料充足的条件下，有规律的每２天蜕皮１次，共经１１次蜕皮，约２２ｄ完成变态，入仔虾期。 相似文献
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Several specimens of Upogebia issaeffi (Balss, 1913) found on Namhae Island off the southern coast of Korea, where they were collected in the intertidal boulder habitat, are described and illustrated. This species has been reported from Vladivostok, Russia to Kagoshima, Japan, but this is the first reported occurrence in Korean waters. The species, closely related to the common Upogebia major that have been reported to be in Korean waters by Kim (1973), are distinguished by the morphology of the dactylus of the first pereiopod. Specifically, in male U. issaeffi, the dactylus has a longitudinal crest bearing a row of fine transverse striae, two longitudinal rows of granules on the outer side, a row of 12–16 granules and another row of 10–13 oblique ridges on the inner side. However, in females, the dactylus lacks a row of transverse striae but bears a row of rounded granules instead on the upper margin on outer side. Oblique ridges are also present on the inner side, but they are much shorter and less conspicuous than in males. 相似文献
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于１９８５年７月－１９８８年１０月，在香港新界北部，进行螺类生态调查。对采集的标本鉴定表明，有两种瓶螺－光滑瓶螺、大瓶螺，是在香港首次发现。这对香港地区今后采取生物控制措施、防止近年来引入的孟氏血吸虫的中间宿主－藁杆双脐螺的蔓延具有实际意义。 相似文献
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鞘藻属和毛鞘藻属营养细胞分裂方式的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于 1 999年 7月在湖北省仙桃市湿润土壤中采得一种鞘藻 ,经培养和电镜观察 ,发现该株鞘藻营养生长主要依赖位于丝状体最上面的细胞分裂 ,分生出的子细胞在该细胞亚顶端的胞壁破裂点掀开一个帽子 ,此帽子便附着于细胞侧壁上 ,这在鞘藻属中为首次报道 ,与 2 0 0 0年 1 2月在武汉纸坊青龙山水库采得的一种毛鞘藻的基细胞也附着相同的帽子结构。观察结果表明 ,该属基细胞亦具有明显的居间分裂能力。在观察这两属营养细胞居间分裂的同时 ,详细报道了这一种特殊的细胞分裂———顶端分裂 ,详细比较了这两属的营养细胞分裂方式 ,并对其分裂方式的机制进行探讨。结果表明 ,这两属细胞在细胞分裂方式上有极为亲密的亲缘关系 ,但毛鞘藻属更复杂、独特的营养细胞分裂显示它的进化地位比鞘藻属高。 相似文献
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The aim of the present work was to investigate the possible use of the clam Tapes philippinarum—a filter-feeding bivalve living on soft bottoms—in the monitoring of sediment pollution in the Lagoon of Venice (North-East Italy). To this end, two clam populations, exposed to different environmental conditions (a relative clean site and an industrial polluted area), have been monitored for the prevalence of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus sp. as well as for several biological parameters commonly used as determinants of contaminants exposure. First results showed a low prevalence, higher in the clean site, but a very diffuse distribution of the parasite throughout the two populations. Nevertheless, greater digestive cells height and longer lysosomal latency time were observed in clams from the clean area. As for the physiological stress-related parameters, even if clearance rates were always higher in these clams, scope for growth values indicated a more complicated biological response. 相似文献
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采用组织化学、免疫组化和生物化学方法对栉孔扇贝外套膜中的一氧化氮合酶(EC1.14.13.39,NOS)活性进行了研究。组织化学显示结果表明,帆状部上皮细胞呈NOS强阳性,血细胞和神经纤维呈阳性;外套触手内有较多近圆形细胞和大量波浪形神经纤维呈NOS强阳性;边缘膜内有大量神经细胞和神经纤维分别呈NOS强阳性和阳性,外套环走肌束附近和血管内皮周围均有大量近圆形的强阳性细胞分布;中央膜有大量近圆形阳性细胞聚集成团块或分散分布。免疫组化显示表明,血细胞、帆状部和边缘膜上皮细胞呈神经型NOS(nNOS)和内皮型NOS(eNOS)弱阳性,而呈诱导型NOS(iNOS)阳性。生化测定结果表明,总NOS(tNOS)活力和一氧化氮(NO)含量均为中央膜最高,边缘膜次之,外套触手较低,帆状部最低,其中结构型NOS(cNOS)活力也是帆状部的最低,而iNOS活力则是外套触手的最低。栉孔扇贝外套膜可能是其神经系统中NOS的发生中心,NO-NOS体系可在其免疫防御和调节等方面发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
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为解析拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血卵涡鞭虫病的流行病学特征,于2012年4—11月采用跟踪监测和实地调查的方法,结合病原分离鉴定及病蟹的病理学观察,统计分析了浙江省温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的流行情况。结果表明,患病拟穴青蟹的肝胰腺、肌肉、鳃等组织病理显示有大量血卵涡鞭虫侵染,并能用PCR方法快速检出。温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病在每年5—11月均有发生,7—9月为集中发病时间,死亡高峰出现于8—9月之间,年份间(2010—2012)与发病率无相关性,而不同月份对病害的发生有极显著影响(P0.01)。不同发育阶段以脱壳期的发病率相对较高,发病蟹的规格主要以50g以下的幼蟹和250g以上的成蟹为主。拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的发生与水温(r=0.756)和盐度(r=0.631)变化关系较密切,夏、秋季节受梅雨、台风影响而引起水温和盐度的剧烈变化可能是暴发血卵涡鞭虫病的诱发因素。 相似文献