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1.
GIS支持下青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生的地形分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
草地蝗虫发生的地形分析是建立草地蝗虫发生预报模型的基础,以青海湖地区为实验区,在Arc/Info和ArcView地理信息系统的支持下,进行草地蝗虫发生与各地形变量(包括海拔高度、坡度与坡向)的叠置分析,提取草地蝗虫发生的地形信息数据库,然后,分别采用T-检验(对连续变量-海拔高度和坡度)和卡方(Chisquare)检验(对类变量-坡向类型)进行各地形变量对草地蝗虫发生的差异显著性检验,结果表明,海拔高度和坡度对草地蝗虫发生的影响极为显著(显著性水平p=0.000),而坡向地草地蝗虫发生的影响不是特别明显(显著性水平p=0.039)。  相似文献   

2.
柴达木盆地气温、降水突变与周期特征分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用柴达木盆地6个站1954—2003年逐月气温、降水量资料,分析其近50年来气温、降水突变和周期特征。结果表明,盆地年气温与夏、秋、冬季气温增加趋势超过0.01显著性水平临界值,春季气温增加和年较差减小趋势达到0.05显著性水平。降水序列中,只有年降水与夏季降水增加达到0.10显著性水平。盆地各气温序列均有突变发生,年气温在20世纪80年代前期发生极显著暖突变,秋、冬季气温突变较春、夏季显著,冬季气温突变时间较其他季节偏早,在各气温序列中年较差突变时间最早。年降水在1976年发生突变,四季降水中只有春、夏季有突变。周期分析显示,盆地年气温变化的主周期按强弱依次为12 a、7 a和3 a,年降水主周期则依次为9 a和4 a。  相似文献   

3.
基于空间自相关的中国省际人口迁移模式与机制分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
人口迁移具有空间指向性,表现为迁入地和迁出地在地域上呈现一定的空间集聚特征。然而,大部分针对我国人口迁移进行分析和建模的研究忽视了这一空间指向性及其影响。该文利用全国第五次人口普查省际人口迁移数据和相关资料,以空间自相关分析为基础,对1995-2000年我国省际人口迁移的空间模式与动力机制进行了初步分析。首先,运用全局空间自相关统计量(Moran′s I)对人口迁移流中的空间自相关程度进行了测度,发现研究期间我国省际人口迁移的空间指向性明显:从一个区域出发(或抵达一个区域)的人口迁移流均受到周边地区人口迁移的影响。为了进一步研究这种空间指向性对人口迁移规模的影响,分别采用重力模型(仅用距离变量捕捉人口迁移过程中的距离衰减效应)和空间OD模型(采用因变量空间滞后的不同形式对迁移流的空间指向性加以考虑)研究中国省际人口迁移的动力机制,对比两种模型的估计结果发现:1)空间OD模型在参数估计和模型拟合等方面均优于传统的重力模型;在选取相同解释变量的情况下,空间OD模型的残差平方和仅为传统重力模型的47%,模型拟合指标AIC值也大大缩小。2)在对中国人口迁移动力机制的定量分析中,如果不考虑人口迁移流之间的空间自相关(空间指向性)现象,会导致对社会、经济等变量作用和距离衰减效应的过高估计。  相似文献   

4.
为对比同一背景下不同人类干扰程度的荒漠土壤有机质含量的预测模型,以天山北麓阜康市的土壤为研究对象,通过对无人干扰区、人为干扰区全样本和剔除有机质质量分数大于2%的样点的原始光谱反射率进行6种光谱变换,分析不同变换形式与有机质含量的相关性,以相关系数通过P=0.01和0.05水平上显著性检验的敏感波段为自变量,运用多元逐步回归、偏最小二乘回归以及主成分回归法分别建立了无人干扰区、人为干扰区土壤有机质高光谱的预测模型,并选择精度最高的为最优模型。结果表明:(1)无人干扰区与人为干扰区的原始光谱所有波段与有机质含量的相关性都没有通过0.01水平的显著性检验。将有机质质量分数大于2%的样点剔除后,有机质含量与原始光谱反射率的相关系数都大于全样本且有部分波段通过了0.01水平的显著性检验。(2)不论采用何种方法建立的全样本无人干扰区和人为干扰区的预测有机质模型的RPD均小于1.4,不具有预测有机质含量的能力。其中全样本无人干扰区一阶微分、人为干扰区倒数一阶微分多元逐步回归模型是其所有模型中,建模精度最高的,R2分别为0.652、0.512,但是其RPD仅分别是0.662、0.655,表明模型的预测能力很差。(3)剔除有机质质量分数大于2%的样点之后,预测效果最好的是无人干扰区一阶微分多元逐步回归模型,R2达到0.776,RMSE为1.408,RPD为2.136;而人为干扰区的二阶微分模型预测效果最优,R2为0.542,RMSE为2.261,RPD为2.087。  相似文献   

5.
黄河中游多沙粗沙区水沙变化趋势及其主控因素的贡献率   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
随着气候变化和人类活动影响加剧,黄河中游多沙粗沙区的水沙变化剧烈,因此研究影响黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量的驱动因素对预测未来水沙变化具有重要意义。本文选取Mann-Kendall趋势检验法,Pettitt突变点检验法,位置、尺度、形状的广义可加模型以及累积量斜率变化率比较法对黄河中游多沙粗沙区15个水文站控制流域1956-2010年的年降水量、年径流量以及年输沙量变化特征及其贡献率进行分析,确定影响黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量变化的主要原因。结果表明:① Mann-Kendall趋势检验在5%的显著性水平下,表明降水量虽呈减少趋势但并不显著,径流量和输沙量则有显著的减少趋势;② Pettitt突变点检验得出所研究区域径流量和输沙量的突变年份在1972年、1985年以及1996年左右;③ GAMLSS模型分析结果同样表明降水的均值不随时间发生变化,但降水的方差有减小的趋势;④ 通过累积量斜率变化率比较法得出,人类活动对窟野河流域径流输沙的影响大于无定河流域。通过分析黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量变化的原因,可为黄河中游多沙粗沙区水资源合理分配提供一定的理论支持。  相似文献   

6.
以木孜塔格峰地区为研究区,从不同坡度、坡向的样方内测量雪深和采集光谱,通过分析归一化差分雪盖指数(Normalized Difference Snow Index,NDSI)、反照率、HJ-1卫星的红外波段反射率与雪深的相关关系,建立了适用于HJ-1星的积雪深度反演模型,估算出2012年4月14日-25日木孜塔格峰地区的雪深时空变化,并结合实测数据进行验证。结果表明:反照率反演模型的复相关系数为0.992;通过NDSI阈值区分混合雪盖像元和积雪像元,雪深估测精度可达92.78%。冰川区的反照率、NDSI与海拔的相关系数分别为0.626和0.733,且高海拔带反照率值明显高于低海拔带的反照率值。受西风带降雪的影响,非冰川区的北坡雪深值较大;西坡、南坡次之;东坡最小,且雪深最大值出现在坡度约等于10°处。雪深估测的相对误差随着样地的坡度增大而增加,坡度为15°时相对误差较大。  相似文献   

7.
The spatially explicit reconstruction of historical land-cover datasets plays an important role in studying the climatic and ecological effects of land-use and land-cover change(LUCC). Using potential natural vegetation(PNV) and satellite-based land use data, we determined the possible maximum distribution extent of forest cover in the absence of human disturbance. Subsequently, topography and climate factors were selected to assess the suitability of land for cultivation. Finally, a historical forest area allocation model was devised on the basis of the suitability of land for cultivation. As a case study, we used the historical forest area allocation model to reconstruct forest cover for 1780 and 1940 in Northeast China with a 10-km resolution. To validate the model, we compared satellite-based forest cover data with our reconstruction for 2000. A one-sample t-test of absolute bias showed that the two-tailed significance was 0.12, larger than the significant level 0.05, suggesting that the model has strong ability to capture the spatial distribution of forests. In addition, we calculated the relative difference of our reconstruction at the county scale for 1780 in Northeast China. The number of counties whose relative difference ranged from-30% to 30% is 99, accounting for 74.44% of all counties. These findings demonstrated that the provincial forest area could be transformed into forest cover maps well using the model.  相似文献   

8.
The spatially explicit reconstruction of historical land-cover datasets plays an important role in studying the climatic and ecological effects of land-use and land-cover change(LUCC). Using potential natural vegetation(PNV) and satellite-based land use data, we determined the possible maximum distribution extent of forest cover in the absence of human disturbance. Subsequently, topography and climate factors were selected to assess the suitability of land for cultivation. Finally, a historical forest area allocation model was devised on the basis of the suitability of land for cultivation. As a case study, we used the historical forest area allocation model to reconstruct forest cover for 1780 and 1940 in Northeast China with a 10-km resolution. To validate the model, we compared satellite-based forest cover data with our reconstruction for 2000. A one-sample t-test of absolute bias showed that the two-tailed significance was 0.12, larger than the significant level 0.05, suggesting that the model has strong ability to capture the spatial distribution of forests. In addition, we calculated the relative difference of our reconstruction at the county scale for 1780 in Northeast China. The number of counties whose relative difference ranged from-30% to 30% is 99, accounting for 74.44% of all counties. These findings demonstrated that the provincial forest area could be transformed into forest cover maps well using the model.  相似文献   

9.
尹立杰  张捷  韩国圣  钟士恩  李倩 《地理研究》2012,31(10):1916-1926
社区居民是影响旅游目的地发展的核心要素。随着社区居民越来越被整合到乡村旅游的整体发展之中, 研究目的地居民的旅游影响感知将具有重要意义。地方感反映了人与地方的特殊情感联系, 对于深入理解居民旅游影响感知提供了全新的研究视角。本文以地方感作为理论切入点, 以发展期望作为中介变量, 构建了“地方感-发展期望-影响感知”理论模型, 并以安徽省天堂寨作为实证案例。结果表明, 地方感较强的居民对乡村旅游发展赋予更高的期望, 对旅游影响感知的能力更强。发展期望在地方感对居民旅游影响感知的影响机制中具有积极的中介作用。社区旅游发展的总体程度是影响居民感知和态度的重要因素。本研究为处于旅游生命周期发展阶段的旅游目的地的规划发展提供指导性建议。  相似文献   

10.
战略性新兴产业是国家经济发展中的重要支撑,探究东北地区相关产业发展水平时空演变特征与影响因素对促进区域经济及产业创新发展具有重要意义。论文借助天眼查软件获取辽宁、吉林、黑龙江3省2009、2014、2019年3个时间节点的A股、新三板上市企业数据,利用马尔科夫链、空间自相关等方法分析其战略性新兴产业发展水平的时空演变特征,进而利用地理探测器模型对其影响因素进行深入分析与探究。研究发现:① 东北地区战略性新兴产业发展水平不断提升,增长速度放缓;东北地区各类战略性新兴产业发展水平均实现等级跨越式发展,达到高水平的产业则平稳发展。② 东北地区战略性新兴产业发展水平中部“极区”、南部“S型极带”现象加强,集聚特征减弱,省域空间分异逐渐增强;各类产业发展水平空间重心南移,扩散与集聚效应并存。③ 各影响因素发挥作用不同,多种因素共同作用影响东北地区战略性新兴产业的发展水平格局演变。  相似文献   

11.
以西鄂尔多斯地区5种荒漠优势灌丛(沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mogolicus)、四合木(Tetraena mongolica)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)、红砂(Reaumuria songarica)、半日花(Helianthemum songaricum))为研究对象,采用平均标准灌丛全部收获法测定灌丛各营养器官(枝条、叶片、根系)生物量,并分别以丛高(H)和冠幅(C)的复合因子(CH)及基径(D)和丛高(H)的复合因子(D2H)为自变量建立单株灌丛生物量预测模型。通过决定系数(R2)、估计值的标准误差(SEE)和F检验显著水平筛选出各灌丛种最佳生物量预测模型。结果表明:(1)5种荒漠灌丛单株总生物量干鲜比差异性显著(P<0.05),各营养器官间差异性也达到显著水平(P<0.05);灌丛根冠比种间差异显著(P<0.05),红砂(1.05)> 霸王(1.01)> 半日花(0.92)> 沙冬青(0.90)> 四合木(0.49);(2)根系和枝条是荒漠灌丛生物量的主要贡献者,其生物量占灌丛总生物量比例之和均在80%以上,根系生物量分配随根系径级的增加而增加;(3)5种荒漠优势灌丛单株灌丛生物量预测模型R2值均在0.85以上,且在0.05水平上显著,生物量模型预测精度较高。  相似文献   

12.
Sand transport by wind plays an important role in environmental problems.Formulating the sand-transport rate model has been of continuing significance,because the majority of the existing models relate sand-transport rate to the wind-shear velocity.However,the wind-shear velocity readapted to blown sand is difficult to determine from the measured wind profiles when sand movement occurs,especially at high wind velocity.Detailed wind tunnel tests were carried out to reformulate the sand-transport rate model,followed by attempts to relate sand-transport rate to parameters of wind velocity,threshold shear-velocity,and grain size.Finally,we validated the model based on the data from field observations.  相似文献   

13.
中国县域国土空间集约利用计量测度与影响机理   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3  
李广东  方创琳 《地理学报》2014,69(12):1739-1752
土地利用问题日益成为中国经济发展的重要约束力之一。快速城镇化背景下城镇和乡村的快速扩张吞噬了宝贵的土地资源,粗放非集约的利用方式更加剧了土地资源的浪费。从国土空间集约利用的影响机理出发分析中国县域国土空间集约的影响机理对指导集约利用实践以及宏观集约利用政策瞄准和政策矫正都具有特殊意义。综合运用OLS模型、空间面板滞后模型和空间面板自相关模型以GIS和Matlab为技术平台,构建中国县域发展基础数据库 (1992-2010年),定量刻画中国2286个县级单元的空间集约利用度时空变化格局,计量分析社会经济发展、自然环境本底、区位交通地理、宏观战略政策和历史基础5大类变量17项具体因素的影响机理。研究结果表明,空间面板数据模型的整体显著性和可信度检验略高于一般面板数据OLS模型;在固定相关效应后对各因素的影响机制进行了检验,表明工业化、城镇化、经济发展水平、区位、交通和宏观战略政策等因素对县域国土空间集约利用的影响较为明显。自然环境因素弱于社会经济因素。被忽略的历史因素对县域国土空间集约利用具有极显著的影响。未来县域国土空间集约利用应因势利导,强化有利因素,减小不利因素影响。提高工业化和城镇化发展水平和质量。发挥市场的主导作用,完善土地市场和运行机制。优化国土空间集约利用调控政策和管治手段,制定差别化的空间集约利用政策。以资源环境承载力为基础和约束最大限度地提高投入和产出水平。  相似文献   

14.
In the eastern boreal forest of Quebec, Canada, harvesting strategies try to mimic the effects of fire on forest ecosystems, assuming that both disturbances have similar impacts. However impacts of both types of perturbations on lacustrine ecosystems, especially on chironomids (non-biting midges), are still poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to determine if logging and fire resulted in chironomid assemblages significantly different than pre-disturbance states and to see if the harvesting strategy (careful logging around advanced growth (CLAAG) and buffer zones) protect lakes from logging effects in the boreal forest. Three statistical tests were used to study the difference between pre- and post-disturbance assemblages: a principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and a non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) ordination. All statistical analyses suggested that fire did not have any effects on chironomid assemblages. The PCA analysis showed that two logging events in Lac aux Huards created chironomid assemblages slightly outside the pre-disturbance variability. However, ANOSIM showed that these differences were not significant at the 0.5% level of significance. These results suggest that the presence of a buffer zone probably limited the impacts of logging on lakes in this area.  相似文献   

15.
在世界经济不确定性日益增加的背景下,推进优化我国区域工业韧性演变格局和厘清工业韧性影响机制具有重要现实意义。本文以长三角城市群为例,在突变级数模型对工业韧性评价的基础上,利用核密度估计、泰尔熵指数和Tobit空间滞后面板模型,对长三角城市群工业韧性的时空演变特征及其影响因素进行探讨。研究发现:(1)长三角城市群工业韧性提升显著,总体上达到了中高韧性水平。长三角城市群工业韧性的内部差距不断缩小,但仍然存在不同空间尺度的“核心-边缘”分异格局。(2)综合实力较强的中心城市工业韧性具有显著的空间溢出效应。上海、杭州、南京、合肥及宁波等城市周边形成高水平工业韧性的集聚区。(3)工业结构是影响长三角城市群工业韧性的最主要因素。区域金融环境、政府公共服务以及区域外贸依存度均不同程度对工业韧性产生显著影响。  相似文献   

16.
1960-2009年新疆渭干河流域蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据新疆气象局地面观测资料,整理出渭干河流域1960-2009年蒸发皿蒸发量资料,运用线性趋势估计、距平与累积距平、滑动t检验、小波分析、灰色预测等方法,对蒸发皿蒸发量的变化趋势、周期特征、突变特征及未来趋势进行了分析。结果表明:①50年来,渭干河流域蒸发皿蒸发量有升有降,总体上呈波动式减少的趋势,其变化倾向率为-19.72 mm/10a,通过了0.05的显著性检验。累积距平曲线的变化趋势显示,年蒸发皿蒸发量以1987年和2004年为转折点,前期偏多,中期偏少,后期偏多。②年蒸发皿蒸发量在1987年发生了由多到少的突变,在2004年发生了由少到多的突变,突变类型比较复杂,是均值突变和转折突变两种突变类型的组合。③蒸发皿蒸发量在50a的时间序列中存在8a、17a和20a的周期。在8a的时间尺度上,年蒸发皿蒸发量序列经历了7个偏多期和6个偏少期;在17a的时间尺度上,经历了2个偏多期和2个偏少期;在20a的时间尺度上,经历了1个偏少期和2个偏多期。④利用建立的灰色预测GM(1,1)模型对渭干河流域蒸发皿蒸发量进行了预测,发现模型的可靠性高,预测结果准确,年蒸发皿蒸发量在未来3年将出现增加的趋势。  相似文献   

17.
城市群的发展已成为我国的重要空间战略。科学评价与比较城市群内部各城市发展水平的变化趋势,对于促进城市群内各城市之间的协调发展以及城市群的健康发展都具有重要意义。从城市发展水平收敛性的角度入手,提出了城市发展收敛指数的概念,建立了城市发展收敛指数模型,并对吉林省中部城市群的长春、吉林、四平、辽源和松原5个中心城市1990年以来的发展状况进行了定量评价和比较研究。一是验证模型的可靠性,二是对城市群城市发展水平的收敛性进行实证分析,为城市群协调发展提供科学依据。  相似文献   

18.
The discovery of spatial clusters formed by proximal spatial units with similar non-spatial attribute values plays an important role in spatial data analysis. Although several spatial contiguity-constrained clustering methods are currently available, almost all of them discover clusters in a geographical dataset, even though the dataset has no natural clustering structure. Statistically evaluating the significance of the degree of homogeneity within a single spatial cluster is difficult. To overcome this limitation, this study develops a permutation test approach Specifically, the homogeneity of a spatial cluster is measured based on the local variance and cluster member permutation, and two-stage permutation tests are developed to determine the significance of the degree of homogeneity within each spatial cluster. The proposed permutation tests can be integrated into the existing spatial clustering algorithms to detect homogeneous spatial clusters. The proposed tests are compared with four existing tests (i.e., Park’s test, the contiguity-constrained nonparametric analysis of variance (COCOPAN) method, spatial scan statistic, and q-statistic) using two simulated and two meteorological datasets. The comparison shows that the proposed two-stage permutation tests are more effective to identify homogeneous spatial clusters and to determine homogeneous clustering structures in practical applications.  相似文献   

19.
堰塞湖的水文特征过程对于库区洪水宏观调控、预报预警、安全防治等具有重要意义.为了及时掌握萨雷兹堰塞湖水文特征和历史演化过程,本文基于密集时间序列遥感数据,综合调查全面系统地分析了1972-2019年帕米尔高原萨雷兹堰塞湖的水文特征以及时空变化过程;并通过"面积-水位"关系模型重建了1972-2019年萨雷兹堰塞湖的历史...  相似文献   

20.
Land use issue is an important constraining force to limit economic sustainable development of China. Urban and rural rapid expansion depletes valued land resources under the background of rapid urbanization. An extensive use pattern might cause a serious waste of land resources. The study on influencing mechanism of land intensive use(LIU) in China at the county level is a key tool for effective LIU practice and policy-making. This paper uses OLS model, Spatial Panel Lagged model and Spatial Panel Error model to quantitatively analyze the influencing mechanisms of five class factors and 17 variables supported by GIS(Geographic Information System) and MATLAB. And a comprehensive data set was developed including physical geography and socio-economic information of 2286 counties. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal pattern of LIU has discussed by means of GIS. The results show that Spatial Panel Data models are slightly superior to OLS model in terms of significance and confidence level. Regression results of these models indicate that industrialization, urbanization, economic development level, location, transportation and policy have significant impact on LIU of counties. The variables of physical geography are less significant than socio-economic variables. An ignored variable of historical factor, however, became the best significant factor. In the future, the LIU at the county level should take advantage of the new situation by enhancing favorable factors and reducing disadvantageous ones, which can be acquired by improving the entire level and quality of industrialization and urbanization. We argued that an efficient and complete land market and operating system should be built to reflect market-oriented activities at the first place, then, differential LIU regulation policies and measurements should be optimized according to regional differences. In the meantime, we should pay close attention to the carrying capacity of local resources and environments when conducting LIU practices.  相似文献   

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