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1.
Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) is a new technology for groundwater pollution remediation. Contaminants are converted into harmless by products in situ as the polluted water passes through a reactive wall. Experimental results demonstrate how reactive media can be used to remove contaminants from polluted water by laying the reactive wall across the flow direction of the water. The most comprehensively studied and applied reactive barrier type uses granulated Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) particles. In this process elemental iron provides a reducing environment which makes reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds feasible or changes redox sensitive metals, so that they are immobilized by a precipitation reaction. A reactive wall column which is made up of ZVI, sand and zeolite has shown the highest contaminant removal capacity compared to the other two which have different components. The potentials of ZVI, zeolite and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) to remove contaminants are due to their different physico-chemical proper-ties which make them to "sorb"metal contaminants. The results of this experiment show that PRB technology is an efficient method for the treatment of leachate-contaminated groundwater. 相似文献
2.
文章认为有机污染质已对地下水污染构成威胁,研究有机污染质在地下水系统中的迁移转化机制,建立有效的预测模型,具有十分重要的意义。有机污染质与地下水形成不溶混流体,对其运移进行评价的理论、方法及测试技术都不同于通常对易溶混污染质的评价。这项工作在我国刚刚起步,研究程度较低。文章讨论了有机污染质—地下水体系的一般物理、化学特征和运移控制方程,指出吸附作用是使有机污染质运移滞缓的重要原因,介绍了目前国外研究有机污染质吸附作用的几种试验及结果。 相似文献
3.
ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｏｎｂｙｎａｔｕｒａｌａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｉｏｎ (ＲＮＡ)ｉｓｔｈｅｐｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｒｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｎｇｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｔａｍｉ ｎａｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｆｕｅｌｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓ ,ｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ,ｔｏｌｕｅｎｅ ,ｅｔｈｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ,ａｎｄｘｙｌｅｎｅ (ＢＴＥＸ)ｅｔｃ .(Ｊｅｆ ｆｒｅｙ ,2 0 0 1) .ＢｕｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｃｅｒｔａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｕｎｄｅｒｗｈｉｃｈＲＮＡｉｓｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ… 相似文献
4.
IntroductionDuring the past two decades much of the em-phasis in groundwater investigation and managementin industrialized countries has sllifted from problemsof groundwater supply to consideration of groundwa-ter quality. This new step is a direct reacti… 相似文献
5.
This paper gives in some ways a broad look at the Bioremediation Technology in the treatment of polluted groundwater. Environmentalists and Hydrologeologists around the world, especially in the developed countries welcomed this revolutionizing technique at a moment when other methods were becoming rather expensive and sources of secondary and more challenging pollution problems across sole fresh groundwater. Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater is based on the use of bacteria which breakdown organic matters to more stable forms, which will not create nuisance or give off foul odors. The Applicability of this technology at a specific site lies in the understanding of the site's hydrogeologic, physiochemical backgrounds and the knowledge of the properties of the designated bacteria colonies, which would likely stabilize the contaminants. These are key points, which determine the success of the all process. Only, by complying with all those measures, Bioremediation can meet all the expectations. 相似文献
6.
Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by organic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of biofilms in ground water remediation technology can be detrimental to the effectiveness of a ground water remediation project. Several alternatives are available to a remedial design engineer, such as Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and in -situ bioremediation, Hydrogen Releasing Compounds (HRCs) barrier, Oxygen Releasing Compounds (ORCs) barrier etc. which are efficient and cost- effective technologies. Excessive biomass formation renders a barrier ineffective in degrading the contaminants, Efforts are made to develop kinetics models which accurately determine bio - fouling and bio - filn formation and to control excessive biomass formation. 相似文献
7.
地下水是重要的水资源,地下水的有机污染已引起了包括中国在内的许多国家的重视。该文通过对山东省滨州市浅层地下水污染调查,在获取大量第一手资料的基础上对滨州市浅层地下水持久性有机污染特征进行了分析,对浅层地下水中有机污染物的来源、污染途径、分布规律等进行了研究。研究结果表明,滨州地区浅层地下水已遭受有机物污染,有机物检出项目较多,共有20种,主要为卤代烃类和单环芳烃类,但总体浓度均较低,仅有3种有机指标超标,主要分布在工业园区、化工厂及皮革城附近。滨州地区有机污染物的来源主要为工业厂家"三废"的不合理排放和处置,导致流经污染源附近的地表水体受到不同程度的有机污染,而这些受污染水体又通过不同方式如污灌等进入不同地段的土壤,以垂向入渗形式进入并污染到浅层地下水。典型地段和污染源附近,有机指标检出率和超标率明显高于其他区域。 相似文献
8.
Overview of In—Situ Biodegradation and Enhancement 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Microbial degradation technologies have been developed to restore ground water quality in aquifers polluted by or-ganic contaminants effectively in recent years. However, in course of the degradation, the formation of biofilms in ground wa-ter remediation technology can be detrimental to the effectiveness of a ground water remediation project. Several alternatives are available to a remedial design engineer, such as Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and in -situ bioremediation, Hy-drogen Releasing Compounds (HRCs) barrier, Oxygen Releasing Compounds (ORCs) barrier etc. which are efficient and cost ?effective technologies. Excessive biomass formation renders a barrier ineffective in degrading the contaminants, Efforts are made to develop kinetics models which accurately determine bio - fouling and bio - film formation and to control excessive biomass formation. 相似文献
9.
This research studies the reliability of an activated carbon permeable reactive barrier in removing cadmium from a contaminated shallow aquifer. Laboratory tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption properties of the activated carbon in cadmium-containing aqueous solutions. A 2D numerical model has been used to describe pollutant transport within a groundwater and the pollutant adsorption on the permeable reactive barrier (PRB). In particular, it has been considered the case of a PAB used to protect a lake or downstream from Cd (Ⅱ) contaminated groundwater. Numerical results show that the PAB can achieve a long-term efficiency by preventing lake or downstream pollution for several months. 相似文献
10.
利用新版GRACE时变模型反演珠江流域陆地水储量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以CSR05、GFZ05、JPL05、ITSG-Grace2016、CSR06、GFZ06、JPL06及ITSG-Grace2018等8种GRACE时变重力场模型作为研究对象,通过300 km高斯滤波和Swenson方法等数据处理策略去除时变模型的噪声,反演2005-01~2012-12珠江流域的陆地水储量变化,并利用ITSG-Grace2018模型、GLDAS水文模型、降水数据、实测地下水数据等资料对珠江流域的陆地水储量变化进行综合分析。结果表明：1）3大官方机构发布的2006版GRACE时变模型的解算精度较2005版有显著改善,ITSG-Grace2018模型的精度也较ITSG-Grace2016有一定的改善,且新版在不同时变模型间的差异更小;2）ITSG-Grace2018模型反演的珠江流域陆地水储量整体呈上升趋势,其季节性变化特征与GLDAS水文模型、降水数据及地下水测井监测数据具有较好的一致性。 相似文献
11.
Moiwo J.Paul 《东北亚地学研究》2003,(2)
1IntroductionFlow is the key mechanism by which pollutants are transmitted from one point to another in hydro-geologic systems. Groundwater flow is not indepen-dent of the geological formation within which it occurs. Hydraulic conductivity which is a measure of groundwater flow is strongly related with the am-bient geologic properties such as texture,porosity and topography. These properties do not only con-trol the rate of groundwater flow but also limit the occurrence,hence the dispersion of… 相似文献
12.
Moiwo J.Paul 《世界地质(英文版)》2003,6(2)
Flow, solute transport and pollution remediation through attenuation in unconsolidated porous media were investigated in this study. The variables used in the investigation include soil texture, porosity, topography and hydraulic conductivity. The study revealed that hydraulic conductivity is highly dependent on soil texture, porosity and topography.Hydraulic conductivity was noted to have a controlling influence on groundwater flow and residence time, and the degree of natural attenuation in hydrogeologic systems. Contaminant transport simulated with the MODFLOW Model revealed dominance of advective transport of contaminants in unconsolidated porous media. However, attenuation through sorption (linear isotherm equilibrium controlled) and reaction (first-order irreversible decay) also retarded contaminant plume migration. Thus natural attenuation was found to be highly feasible in clay formations due to low hydraulic conductivity and long groundwater residence times. Though natural attenuation processes including dispersion, diffusion, dilution, mixing, volatilization and biodegradation were not investigated for in this paper, it is shown to be a sound remediation technique of contaminated ground water due to its capacity to destroy or transform contaminants or at least retard their flow. 相似文献
13.
随着招远市社会经济的发展,人类对环境质量的要求越来越高,人类工程活动对土壤造成的污染问题也逐渐显露,加强土壤环境管理是我国环境保护的一项基础性工作,具有十分重要的意义。为查明界河流域地下水及土壤现状,在界河流域自上游到下游布设监测点位,共取水质分析样品66组和土壤样品19组进行化验,分析了地下水和土壤污染监测数据,总结了招远界河流域的水土污染特征,认为界河上游和中游流域土壤以有机污染为主,下游土壤污染为重金属污染,部分区域叠加有机污染形成复合污染,主要重金属成分为镉、砷、汞。结合环境工程领域的环境修复技术,提出了适宜的水土修复方案,为招远市环境修复提出可行性建议。 相似文献
14.
Alkali Mohammed 《东北亚地学研究》2008,(4)
This research studies the reliability of an activated carbon permeable reactive barrier in removing cadmium from a contaminated shallow aquifer.Laboratory tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption properties of the activated carbon in cadmium-containing aqueous solutions.A 2D numerical model has been used to describe pollutant transport within a groundwater and the pollutant adsorption on the permeable reactive barrier(PRB).In particular,it has been considered the case... 相似文献
15.
Sediment-associated processes, such as sediment erosion, deposition, and pore water diffusion/advection affect sorptive contaminant transport. By considering these processes, we developed an equation to simulate contaminant transport. Erosion and deposition processes are considered as erosion and deposition fluxes of sediment, and adsorption-desorption processes of contaminants by sediment are simulated using the Langmuir Equation. Pore water diffusion is calculated based on the contaminant concentration gradient across the sediment-water interface. Pore water advection is estimated using pore water contained in the sediments of erosion flux. The equation is validated to simulate total phosphorus concentrations in Guanhe estuary in the northern Jiangsu, China. The simulated total phosphorus concentrations show better agreement with field observations compared to estimations that do consider sediment-associated processes. 相似文献
16.
掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显,澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差,沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关,大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性,表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。 相似文献
17.
近几年的环境调查研究表明，山东省淄博市大武地下水水源地上游邻近石化厂区出现严重的地下管道石油污染物持续泄漏的现象。堠皋—柳杭地段地下水环境在成为集中污染区的同时，水化学环境也发生了迥然的变化：地下水中电子接受体溶解氧、ＮＯ－３几乎未检出，ＳＯ４２－呈低值分布。这是因为地下水中存在微生物降解烃污染物的作用所致，其作用机理包括需氧降解、脱硝降解、脱硫降解以及有Ｆｅ３＋参与的降解作用。然而由于该地段需氧降解、脱硝降解难以持续自行进行，导致生物降解污染物的速度降低。进一步研究生物降解速度，以提高地下水中电子接受体的浓度，增强微生物的活性，将有利于治理方案的制订与实施。 相似文献
18.
本文讨论的沈阳地区地下水化学微量组分动态特征及趋势分析,是采用统计分析的方法进行的。统计分析表明,尽管地下水中绝大部分微量组分在各井点中均能检出,但超背景及超标井点的检出率并不高,且主要分布在老城区。大部分微量组分的检出有明显的不均一性,以及重现性差,检出具有较强规律性的有六价铬、镉等少数项,并与地表排污有关。而地下水中微量组分污染的特征是,绝大部分组分呈现出明显的点源污染。作者根据有机污染的指标化学需氧量采用相关分析方法,探讨它与总有机氮和总有机炭的关系,凡有机污染日趋严重的地段,地下水的化学需氧量就愈高。在动态趋势分析上,采用数字模型方法以六价铬为例,进行了单井的预测分析,并在此基础上,提出了控制污染发展的环境管理目标值。 相似文献
19.
杨凌农业高新技术产业示范区南临渭河，三维渗流数值模拟结果表明，拟建于渭河漫滩和一级阶地上的两个地下水水源地的开采将大大地激发渭河水对地下水的补给，使得已受污染的渭河水对拟建水源地的水质造成严重威胁。水质模拟结果表明，在未来开采条件下，热电厂水源地、水上运动中心及渭河近岸地带的地下水最容易受到渭河水污染的影响。 相似文献