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2001年10月27日云南永胜发生6．0级地震，笔者先后参加了地震现场灾害损失评估和震后野外科学考察。考察表明，这次地震发生在程海断裂金沙江段上，断裂以左旋走滑活动为主。程海断裂分为8段，各段的垂直差异运动不均匀，金沙江段中更新世以来的垂直位错速率为0．4mm/a，远远低于程海断裂的垂直位错平均速率(2．0mm／a)，从而使金沙江段成为断裂左旋走滑活动的构造障碍段。永胜6．0级地震之前，金沙江段处于程海断裂带上强震活动的“空段”内。程海断裂控制下的次级块体——滇西北块体与滇中块体的边界沿程海断裂作相向运动。在此运动过程中，程海断裂有全线贯通无阻的趋势，构造障碍段和强震活动的围空段有利于构造应力集中、积累，从而孕育和发生了永胜6．0级地震。苏家庄—山岗辅段垂直位错速率仅为0．3mm/a，同时也处于强震活动的围空段内，在程海断裂的贯通过程中成为新的构造障碍段，极有可能成为未来M≥6．0地震的危险地段。 相似文献
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程海断裂尾端侧向迁移与地震的相关性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以永胜、金官盆地和巍山、弥渡、祥云、云南驿等盆地分别作为程海断裂北端和南端结构,不难发现,随着时间的推移,断裂的活动部位不是固定不变的。侧向迁移是端部断裂活动转化的一种形式,断裂的不断更新使程海断裂端部地震活动增强。侧向迁移总是向着区域某一条地震带方向发展。 相似文献
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利用宾川主动源项目16个地震台站2011年9月～2014年1月期间记录的5.8级以上远震波形资料, 提取各台站下方的P波接收函数, 并据此计算、 分析宾川地区地壳厚度变化情况和泊松比分布特征。 高空间分辨率的结果显示: 宾川地区平均地壳厚为45.3 km, 地壳厚度呈“北深南浅”、 “西浅东深”的特征。 地壳厚度最深的是小银甸, 47.9 km, 最浅的是排营台, 42.1 km, 两者相差5.8 km。 程海断裂附近Moho面较深, 红河断裂附近Moho面较浅; 程海断裂附近地壳厚度变化较明显, 红河断裂附近变化较缓。 从泊松比的分布情况来看, 研究区内泊松比分布是不均匀的, 自南向北存在较大差异, 呈“北低南高”的特征。 红河断裂附近, 泊松比属于中高(0.26≤σ≤0.29), 程海断裂附近, 泊松比较低(σ≤0.26)。 泊松比分布特征和地壳厚度相反, 表明宾川地区的增厚方式主要由上地壳增厚所致。 相似文献
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2012年6月24日宁蒗5．7级地震发生前,地震活动性存在中期异常,地下流体存在中短临异常。地震活动性方面存在滇西地区5级以上地震东西迁移规律性活动、滇西地区4级以上地震成条带分布和程海断裂发生4级窗口地震等中期震兆异常。水氡、固体二氧化碳、水温和流量存在中短临前兆异常。地下流体前兆中期、短期和短临阶段都出现同步性异常。 相似文献
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利用2010—2017年跨断层近场形变观测资料,采用最小二乘法求解川滇菱形块体西侧主要活动断裂近场区域的应变参数,分析各断裂带上最大剪应变、应变率、面应变、面应变率的近场结果。结果显示:①程海断裂剪切活动北段强于南段,张压活动在2013年前后出现转折变化,具有分段特征,北段由压性转为趋势张性、南段由张压不明显转为压性变化;②红河断裂剪切活动中段最强、北段次之、南段最弱,面应变结果显示北、中段长期处于压性活动状态,南段目前张压活动不明显;③曲江断裂表现为弱剪切压性累积增强的活动特征;④石屏—建水断裂显示出弱剪切压性活动特征。综上分析认为研究区断裂活动特征表现为压性增强且剪切活动强或长期处于压性状态下的弱剪切活动的断裂存在应变积累,因此程海断裂南段、红河断裂北段、曲江、石屏—建水断裂地震危险性值得关注。 相似文献
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对华南地区有代表性的几条宽角地震剖面进行了研究,利用初动到时资料拟合剖面地带地壳上部详细的速度分布,结合其他地球物理资料与地质资料对地壳基底和沉积盖层的构造进行了综合解释. 结果表明,浙-闽-粤东部地区在地壳基底上分布一系列中生代火山岩断陷盆地,火山岩盖层厚度变化为1000-4000m. 浙西-皖南以及湘-赣地区地壳基底起伏较大,盖层主要为古生界,并发育许多受基底形态与边界断裂控制的小型中生代白垩纪盆地. 华南西部的楚雄盆地为一构造复杂的深坳陷,其中侏罗-白垩系的厚度超过10km,并被分割为东部斜坡和西部坳陷两个单元,而西部坳陷又被一中央隆起分割为东、西两个更次级的凹陷. 区内一些主要的断裂构造在速度等值线图上均有明显的反映,如东部的江绍断裂、莲花山断裂和吴川-四会断裂以及西部的程海断裂和绿汁江断裂都是重要的构造分界,此外众多的基底断裂多是盆地与隆起的边界. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献
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Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC. 相似文献