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1.
地处南亚季风区的沙鲁里山地区保留有丰富的第四纪冰川作用遗迹。文章通过ESR对冰碛物直接定年,结合冰碛地貌形态及其风化程度差异,结果表明沙鲁里山地区可能经历了4次规模较大的冰川作用。它们的ESR年代大约为19～16kaB.P.,48～43kaB.P.,135kaB.P.和571kaB.P.,分别与深海氧同位素第2、第3、第6、第16阶段对应。自沙鲁里山最早冰川作用(571kaB.P.)以后,该区经历了较大规模的抬升作用。MIS2和MIS4期间西南季风微弱,降水稀少,气温严寒,南亚季风区冰川发育受到一定限制。MIS3早期和晚期夏季风强盛,降水丰富,温度较高,水热平衡状况有利于冰川发育;MIS3中期气温较低,夏季风较强盛,降水较丰富,这种冷湿组合的气候条件有利于冰川发育。南亚季风区,MIS3期间的冰川前进规模不亚于甚至在某些区域超过了末次盛冰期,其主要原因可能是受制于夏季风的降水差异。 相似文献
2.
《Quaternary Research》2014,81(3):464-475
It is highly debated whether glacial advances on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) occurred as a response to temperature cooling, or whether they were forced by an increase in moisture brought by the intensive Indian summer monsoon. We here report a case study investigating this issue. Multiple moraine series in the Yingpu Valley, Queer Shan ranges of the Hengduan Mountains, and eastern QTP, provide an excellent archive for examining the timing and trigger mechanism of glacier fluctuations. Twenty-seven optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples of glacial sediments were collected from this valley. The quartz OSL ages show that the moraine series of Y-1, I, M and O were formed during the Late Holocene, Late Glacial, the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (likely mid-MIS-3). The youngest Y-2 moraines probably formed during the Little Ice Age (LIA). The oldest H moraines formed before MIS-3. We found that glacial advances during the late Quaternary at the Yingpu Valley responded to cold stages or cold events rather than episodes of enhanced summer monsoon and moisture. As a result, glaciers in the monsoonal Hengduan Mountains were mainly triggered by changes in temperature. Millennial time scale temperature oscillations might have caused the multiple glacial advances. 相似文献
3.
西藏东南部末次冰期早阶段冰川作用及其古气候意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西藏东南部的“古乡冰期”和“白玉冰期”是划分中国第四纪冰期的蓝本。其中,白玉冰期即末次冰期,分为早阶段和晚阶段,相对应的冰川沉积广泛分布于本区的波堆藏布谷地。已有的冰川数值年代结果显示,末次冰期晚阶段的冰川作用发生于海洋氧同位素阶段（MIS）2。然而,关于早阶段的冰进记录,目前却未有确切的年代学证据,此次冰川作用究竟发生于MIS 4还是MIS 3,是一个悬而未决的问题。在前人研究及野外地貌调查的基础上,运用光释光测年手段对波堆藏布谷地疑似形成于末次冰期早阶段的冰碛垄进行测年,年代结果介于（56.4±4.2）~（65.9±3.9） ka之间,相当于MIS 4。藏东南地区MIS 4冰期冰川作用年代与青藏高原及其周边山地具有可比性,表明该阶段冰川作用发生的普遍性。通过对比北半球低纬度地区夏季太阳辐射及亚洲季风区古气温与古降水指标记录,认为藏东南地区MIS 4冰期冰川作用可能是对北半球低纬度地区夏季太阳辐射减弱及气温下降的响应,与季风降水无关。 相似文献
4.
他念他翁山中段地处青藏高原东南部和云贵高原过渡地带,海拔4 200 m以上保存着确切的第四纪冰川遗迹.对其进行深入研究,不仅可以重建横断山脉冰川作用的演化历史,还能够为青藏高原的隆升机制提供重要依据.采用野外地貌调查与电子自旋共振测年（ESR）相结合的方法,查明他念他翁山第四纪冰川发育的地貌特点,并初步对研究区的冰期系列进行划分.结果显示,他念他翁山中段古冰川类型主要为山麓冰川、山谷冰川和冰斗冰川.晚第四纪以来至少经历了4次冰川作用,分别为倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6）,年代为（192±51）~（207±45）ka;末次冰期中期（MIS 3）,年代为（55±8）~（54±9）ka;末次冰盛期（MIS 2）,年代为（25±1）~（38±6）ka,以及全新世新冰期/小冰期（MIS 1）. 相似文献
5.
Late Quaternary glaciation in the Tianshan and implications for palaeoclimatic change: a review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
XIANGKE XU AXEL KLEIDON LEE MILLER SHIQIN WANG LIQIANG WANG GUOCHENG DONG 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2010,39(2):215-232
Xu, X., Kleidon, A., Miller, L., Wang, S., Wang, L. & Dong, G. 2009: Late Quaternary glaciation in the Tianshan and implications for palaeoclimatic change: a review. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00118.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. The Tianshan mountain range has been extensively and repeatedly glaciated during the late Quaternary. Multiple moraines in this region record the extent and timing of late Quaternary glacier fluctuations. The moraines and their ages are described in three sub‐regions: eastern, central and western Tianshan. Notable glacial advances occurred during marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 6, 4, 3, 2, the Neoglacial and the Little Ice Age (LIA) in these sub‐regions. Glaciers in western Tianshan advanced significantly also during MIS 5, but not in eastern and central Tianshan. The local last glacial maximum (llgm) of the three sub‐regions pre‐dated the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and occurred during MIS 4 in eastern and central Tianshan, but during MIS 3 in western Tianshan. The spatial and temporal distribution of the glaciers suggests that precipitation (as snow at high altitude) is the main factor controlling glacial advance in the Tianshan. The late Quaternary climate in the Tianshan has been generally cold–dry during glacial times and warm–humid during interglacial times. Between neighbouring glacial times, the climate has had a more arid tendency in eastern and central Tianshan. These palaeoclimatic conditions inferred from glacial landforms indicate important relationships between the mid‐latitude westerly, the Siberian High and the Asian monsoon. 相似文献
6.
Henrik Rother Georg Stauch David Loibl Frank Lehmkuhl Stewart P. H. T. Freeman 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(3):503-524
The Burhan Budai Shan in NE Tibet represents a key location for examining the variable influence of the mid‐latitude westerly and monsoonal circulations on late Quaternary glaciations in this sector of the Tibetan Plateau. Our study investigates the glacial history of mountains near Lake Donggi Cona (35°17′N, 98°33′E) using field mapping in combination with 10Be surface exposure dating and numerical reconstructions of former glacial equilibrium line altitudes (palaeo‐ELA). A set of 23 new exposure ages, collected from moraines in four glacial valleys, ranges from 45 to 190 ka, indicating ice expansion during the early and middle part of the last glacial cycle, and during the penultimate and possibly an earlier Mid‐Pleistocene glaciation. Ice advances reaching 12–15 km in length occurred at around 190–180 ka (≥MIS 6), between 140–100 ka (late MIS 6/MIS 5), and 90–65 ka (late MIS 5/early MIS 4), with a maximum ELA depression of 400–500 m below the estimated modern snowline. Exposure ages from the valley headwaters further indicate a small glaciation between c. 60–50 ka (late MIS 4/early MIS 3), which was essentially restricted to the cirque areas. Significantly, we find no evidence for any subsequent glaciation in the area during MIS 2 or the Holocene period. These results indicate a diminishing trend of glaciation in the region since at least MIS 4, and corroborate the case of a ‘missing LGM’ in the more interior parts of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The emerging pattern suggests that the most favourable conditions for glaciation during the Late Pleistocene correspond to periods of relatively moderate cooling combined with an intermediate or rising East Asian monsoon strength. 相似文献
7.
龙门山古冰川作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
汶川地震中央区域龙门山主山九顶山海拔4 984 m,山脊北坡有三处成排分布不少规模较小的冰斗-冰川谷地形,恢复当时雪线高度在4 100 m高度。根据其形态保存程度、古今雪线高度差等情况判断,应当是2阶段冰川作用遗存。据气温和降水资料,现在九顶山雪线高度在5 000 m,刚好超出九顶山顶部。故而九顶山3 800 m以上目前处于冰缘环境,石冰川、石环、融冻泥流等冰缘现象比较突出。九顶山不存在更老的冰川作用及其地貌遗存,是青藏高原以东5 000 m上下的高山只是在末次冰期时抬升跨越冰期雪线而发育冰川这一新观点的又一证据,也是青藏高原第四纪晚期剧烈抬升的又一证据。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原及毗邻山地利用冰川地貌重建古气候的研究综述 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用冰川地貌定量重建冰期时的古气候特征是探讨冰川驱动机制的关键。利用冰川地貌反演古气候的模型主要有两类：基于物质平衡线高度变化和基于估算古冰川表面物质平衡的气候重建模型,因其原理、所需数据量的不同,适用性存在着差异,应用时需根据冰川区的具体特征选取多种模型重建古气候,提高模拟的精度。青藏高原及毗邻山地已有的基于古冰川的气候重建数据显示：MIS 6以来冰川变化为气温变化驱动,冰川规模还受降水量增多的影响;MIS 3中期冰川的规模较之末次冰盛期（Last Glacial Maximum,LGM）更大,主要是该较冷的亚阶段降水比LGM时期更为丰沛所致。 相似文献
9.
根据冰川地貌和地形特征、岩性、冰川沉积物的风化程度以及OSL测年结果,认为长白山地区发育两期冰川作用,即末次冰盛期和晚冰期,测年结果分别为20.0±2.1ka和11.3±1.2ka。根据平衡线（ELA）处6～8月多年平均气温（T）和年降水量（P）的关系,计算长白山现代理论雪线高度为3380±100m。通过积累区面积比率AAR（accumulation-arearatio）、冰川末端到山顶高度TSAM（the terminal to summit altitudinal）,冰川末端至分水岭平均高度Hofer（the terminal to average elevation of the catchment area）、末端至冰斗后壁比率THAR（toe-to headwall altitude ratios）、冰斗底部高程CF（cirque-floor altitudes method）、侧碛堤最大高度法MELM（maximum elevation of lateral moraines）等方法计算该区末次冰盛期雪线高度为2250～2383m,平均值2320±20m。考虑到末次冰盛期后地壳上升20m,当时雪线的实际高度为2300±20m,冰盛期的雪线降低值为1080±100m。晚冰期北坡和西坡的雪线高度分别为2490m和2440m,平均值2465m,考虑新构造运动后的雪线实际高度2454m,降低值926±100m。长白山新构造运动（LGM上升约20m,晚冰期上升约11m）在末次冰盛期以来对冰川发育的影响不明显。 相似文献
10.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2005,24(12-13):1391-1411
Temporal and spatial changes in glacier cover throughout the Late Quaternary in Tibet and the bordering mountains are poorly defined because of the inaccessibility and vastness of the region, and the lack of numerical dating. To help reconstruct the timing and extent of glaciation throughout Tibet and the bordering mountains, we use geomorphic mapping and 10Be cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) surface dating in study areas in southeastern (Gonga Shan), southern (Karola Pass) and central (Western Nyainqentanggulha Shan and Tanggula Shan) Tibet, and we compare these with recently determined numerical chronologies in other parts of the plateau and its borderlands. Each of the study regions receives its precipitation mainly during the south Asian summer monsoon when it falls as snow at high altitudes. Gonga Shan receives the most precipitation (>2000 mm a−1) while, near the margins of monsoon influence, the Karola Pass receives moderate amounts of precipitation (500–600 mm a−1) and, in the interior of the plateau, little precipitation falls on the western Nyainqentanggulha Shan (∼300 mm a−1) and the Tanggula Shan (400–700 mm a−1). The higher precipitation values for the Tanggula Shan are due to strong orographic effects. In each region, at least three sets of moraines and associated landforms are preserved, providing evidence for multiple glaciations. The 10Be CRN surface exposure dating shows that the formation of moraines in Gonga Shan occurred during the early–mid Holocene, Neoglacial and Little Ice Age, on the Karola Pass during the Lateglacial, Early Holocene and Neoglacial, in the Nyainqentanggulha Shan date during the early part of the last glacial cycle, global Last Glacial Maximum and Lateglacial, and on the Tanggula Shan during the penultimate glacial cycle and the early part of the last glacial cycle. The oldest moraine succession in each of these regions varies from the early Holocene (Gonga Shan), Lateglacial (Karola Pass), early Last Glacial (western Nyainqentanggulha Shan), and penultimate glacial cycle (Tanggula Shan). We believe that the regional patterns and timing of glaciation reflect temporal and spatial variability in the south Asian monsoon and, in particular, in regional precipitation gradients. In zones of greater aridity, the extent of glaciation has become increasingly restricted throughout the Late Quaternary leading to the preservation of old (≫100 ka) glacial landforms. In contrast, in regions that are very strongly influenced by the monsoon (≫1600 mm a−1), the preservation potential of pre-Lateglacial moraine successions is generally extremely poor. This is possibly because Lateglacial and Holocene glacial advances may have been more extensive than early glaciations and hence may have destroyed any landform or sedimentary evidence of earlier glaciations. Furthermore, the intense denudation, mainly by fluvial and mass movement processes, which characterize these wetter environments, results in rapid erosion and re-sedimentation of glacial and associated landforms, which also contributes to their poor preservation potential. 相似文献
11.
中国西部山岳冰川MIS3b冰进的初步探讨 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
对横断山的沙鲁里山、祁连山东段的冷龙岭、天山西段托木尔峰南麓的阿特奥依纳克河流域等3个地区7个研究点的第四纪冰川作用开展了深入研究,应用ESR测年技术在7个研究点特定的地貌部位共获得12个对应于MIS3(56~36 ka BP)的测年结果,且年龄基本上都对应于MIS3b(54~44 kaBP).结合已有的研究资料,并对MIS3气候特征进行综合分析,研究表明:MIS3强大的季风环流带来的丰富降水与MIS3b冷阶段的组合是川西高原的沙鲁里山与祁连山东段冷龙岭MIS3b冰进的主要原因,而天山西段阿特奥依纳克河流域MIS3b冰进则是不稳定的西风波动带来的丰富降水所致.这3个地区沉积有该次冰进的冰碛物. 相似文献
12.
ANDREW B. G. BUSH 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2004,33(2):155-163
Through the late Quaternary, the global climate system ranged from full glacial to temperate interglacial conditions. On a smaller spatial scale, regional climates of the late Quaternary exhibited fluctuations that were at times asynchronous to these global changes. For example, glacier expansion in the Himalayas during the mid-Holocene appears to be at odds with the notion of increased global temperature. A clear understanding of the dynamical processes governing regional climate is therefore essential to the correct interpretation of proxy climate data. We summarize results from numerical simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene, and focus on the multiple processes that control regional climate of the Himalaya and surrounding areas, with emphasis on monsoon dynamics and variability. It is shown that changes in the south Asian monsoon (caused by fluctuations in Earth's orbital parameters, by tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures, or by exposure of the Sunda shelf) alter the hydrological balance in regions bordering the Tibetan Plateau, a balance for which there are extensive continental proxy records. Numerical results correlate with the expansion/contraction cycles of deserts near the Chinese Loess Plateau. In addition, the LGM monsoon exhibits significant snow accumulation in the eastern Himalaya, whereas the mid-Holocene monsoon exhibits increased accumulation in the northwestern Himalaya. Simulated changes are therefore in accord with field data and demonstrate that numerical simulations can be a useful tool in the interpretation of regional proxy data, particularly when those data are asynchronous to global records. 相似文献
13.
他念他翁山位于横断山脉西部,是海洋性冰川向亚大陆性冰川的过渡区,维持冰川发育的降水补给主要由西南季风带来,该区第四纪冰川进退对西南季风波动有较为直接的反映。正是这一地理位置的特殊性,使得该区第四纪冰川研究具有重要意义。采用野外地貌调查与宇宙成因核素测年技术相结合的方法,试图查明他念他翁山青古隆槽谷全新世期间冰川地貌学特征,并确定其发生的具体时间,探讨其响应机制。结果显示：他念他翁山全新世早中期冰川波动的时限介于（6.13±0.37）~（8.83±0.50） ka,可能是当时西南季风强盛,降水增加的结果。研究可为探究冰川作用与西南季风气候变化及全球气候变化之间的动力学联系提供新依据。 相似文献
14.
山岳冰川发育是否同步于北半球冰期,西风与季风对山岳冰川发育的控制作用是青藏高原及周边山地的冰川年代学研究的关键.近年来就地宇宙成因核素和光释光测年技术的快速发展为山岳冰川发育规律研究提供了大量的数据支持.本文综合分析了近年来在青藏高原和周边山地获得的冰川年代学数据,发现该地区山岳冰川发育与北半球冰期不同步,冰川发育贯穿于整个MIS 3阶段.在MIS 2阶段冰川活动峰期明显滞后于北半球末次冰期冰盛期.但是,山岳冰川对Heinrich Event 1和Younger Dryas两次快速气候波动事件有显著响应.这可能说明了西风作为纽带可以将北大西洋气候变化与青藏高原联系起来,同时,来自南方的季风对高原冰川的发育也有着重要的控制作用.造山带地区的冰川进退与高原抬升、地貌及气候之间是一个复杂的耦合系统. 相似文献
15.
Mollusk record of millennial climate variability in the Loess Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
NAIQIN WU TUNGSHENG LIU XIUPING LIU ZHAOYAN GU 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2002,31(1):20-27
A high-resolution terrestrial mollusk record from the Loess Plateau of China has been studied to characterize climate variability during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The rapid successions in mollusk taxa in the Weinan loess sequence reveal that climate changes occurred at least four times in this period. In the loess region, millennia-scale climate fluctuations existed, as documented in the grain size and weathering intensity records. Our results show such millennia-scale fluctuations reflecting changes in both temperature and precipitation, rather than a simple cold and warm alternation. Changes in temperature and precipitation were not in phase during the LGM. Temperature varied earlier than precipitation, which could have been the effect of winter and summer monsoon interactions. Our data also reveal that the East Asian summer monsoons could reach the southeast part of the Loess Plateau during the whole of the LGM. The intensification of winter monsoons during the LGM led to short duration of summer monsoons annually impacting on the Loess Plateau, but the intrinsic intensity of summer monsoons would not have changed significantly, thus providing the thermo-hydrological conditions for temperate-humidiphilous mollusks to persistently grow and develop in the glacial age. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原东北缘玛雅雪山晚第四纪冰川发育的气候和构造耦合 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
青藏高原东北缘的玛雅雪山(海拔4 447 m)保存着确切的第四纪冰川遗迹. 野外地貌调查与光释光测年方法相结合, 确认玛雅雪山晚第四纪主要经历3次冰川作用: 第Ⅰ组冰碛时代为新冰期; 第Ⅱ组冰碛物年龄为(23.2±1.0)ka, 其上覆泥石流年龄为(2.9±0.3)~(2.3±0.1)ka, 上层土壤年龄为(3.6±0.2)ka, 对应于深海氧同位素2阶段(MIS 2)的末次冰盛期(LGM); 第Ⅲ组冰碛年龄为(42.6±1.9)~(45.7±3.0) ka, 属于末次冰期中冰阶, 对应MIS 3中期. 采用最新综合因子法计算玛雅雪山现代冰川物质平衡线为海拔4 605 m. 依据冰川地貌形态, 计算末次冰期平衡线为海拔3 800 m. 通过庄浪河阶地的拔河高度及各级阶地的年代, 以河流的下切速率代表玛雅雪山的抬升速率, 计算得到末次冰期中期以来玛雅雪山抬升了50~60 m. 利用玛雅雪山周边的达里加山和太白山冰川漂砾的10Be 数据近似代表流域侵蚀速率, 推算出玛雅雪山剥蚀速率大约为29 mm·ka-1, 推断MIS 3以来流域的剥蚀量为1~2 m. 综合末次冰期中期以来的构造抬升量和剥蚀量, 恢复末次冰期中期时的流域高度为海拔4 200 m, 平衡线高度为海拔3 750 m. 研究结果显示: 研究区在MIS 3时, 流域平均高度已经在平衡线之上, 在流域平均高度到主峰之间冰川开始积累, 发育冰川. 结合其他环境指标综合推断, 玛雅雪山晚第四纪冰川的发育是气候和构造耦合的产物. 相似文献
17.
The High Plateaus of Utah include seven separate mountain ranges that supported glaciers during the Pleistocene. The Fish Lake Plateau, located on the eastern edge of the High Plateaus, preserves evidence of at least two glacial advances. Four cosmogenic 3He exposure ages of boulders in an older moraine range from 79 to 159 ka with a mean age of 129 ± 39 ka and oldest ages of 152 ± 3 and 159 ± 5 ka. These ages suggest deposition during the type Bull Lake glaciation and Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. Twenty boulder exposure ages from four different younger moraines indicate a local last glacial maximum (LGM) of ~ 21.1 ka, coincident with the type Pinedale glaciation and MIS 2. Reconstructed Pinedale-age glaciers from the Fish Lake Plateau have equilibrium-line altitudes ranging from 2950 to 3190 m. LGM summer temperature depressions for the Fish Lake Plateau range from −10.7 to −8.2°C, assuming no change in precipitation. Comparison of the Fish Lake summer temperature depressions to a regional dataset suggests that the Fish Lake Plateau may have had a slight increase (~ 1.5× modern) in precipitation during the LGM. A series of submerged ridges in Fish Lake were identified during a bathymetric survey and are likely Bull Lake age moraines. 相似文献
18.
A chronostratigraphy based on luminescence data was established at a key loess profile (Duttendorf) in the northern alpine foreland of Austria. The data help to constrain the timing and duration of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the area of one of the largest east Alpine piedmont glaciers, the Salzach palaeoglacier. Climate deterioration and maximum advance of this glacier were coeval with the beginning of the main loess accumulation phase in the glacier forefield at ～29–30 ka. A late LGM‐outwash gravel layer deposited on top of the loess profile marks the end of the LGM glacier activity at ～20 ka. The geomorphological setting around the loess profile provides evidence of a major glacier oscillation during the course of the LGM, a phenomenon qualitatively known from other alpine palaeoglaciers but never interpreted in terms of palaeoclimate. A LGM glacier oscillation similar to that of the Salzach palaeoglacier was reported recently from the south Alpine Tagliamento palaeoglacier, suggesting a common forcing. The onset of loess deposition at Duttendorf and the tentatively contemporal advance of the Salzach palaeoglacier reflect, as do other data, the drastic cooling in Europe as a result of Heinrich event 3. The first glacier maximum is not well constrained in the study area but a correlation with the better dated Tagliamento amphitheatre suggests a possible response to Heinrich 2. The second re‐advance occurred synchronously (within dating uncertainties) in both palaeoglaciers forefields (at ～21 ka) but the forcing mechanism remains unknown. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
FRANK LEHMKUHL LEWIS A. OWEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2005,34(2):87-100
Abundant glacial geologic evidence present throughout Tibet and the bordering mountains shows that glaciers have oscillated many times throughout the late Quaternary. Yet the timing and extent of glacial advances is still highly debated. Recent studies, however, suggest that glaciation was most extensive prior to the last glacial cycle. Furthermore, these studies show that in many regions of Tibet and the Himalaya glaciation was generally more extensive during the earlier part of the last glacial cycle and was limited in extent during the global Last Glacial Maximum (marine oxygen isotope stage 2). Holocene glacial advances were also limited in extent, with glaciers advancing just a few kilometers from their present ice margins. In the monsoon-influenced regions, glaciation appears to be strongly controlled by changes in insolation that govern the geographical extent of the monsoon and consequently precipitation distribution. Monsoonal precipitation distribution strongly influences glacier mass balances, allowing glaciers in high altitude regions to advance during times of increased precipitation, which are associated with insolation maxima during glacial times. Furthermore, there are strong topographic controls on glaciation, particular in regions where there are rainshadow effects. It is likely that glaciers, influenced by the different climatic systems, behaved differently at different times. However, more detailed geomorphic and geochronological studies are needed to fully explore regional variations. Changes in glacial ice volume in Tibet and the bordering mountains were relatively small after the global LGM as compared to the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. It is therefore unlikely that meltwater draining from Tibet and the bordering mountains during the Lateglacial and early Holocene would have been sufficient to affect oceanic circulation. However, changes in surface albedo may have influenced the dynamics of monsoonal systems and this may have important implications for global climate change. Drainage development, including lake level changes on the Tibetan plateau and adjacent regions has been strongly controlled by climatic oscillations on centennial, decadal and especially millennial timescales. Since the Little Ice Age, and particularly during this century, glaciers have been progressively retreating. This pattern is likely to continue throughout the 21st century, exacerbated by human-induced global warming. 相似文献
20.
冰蚀湖中的沉积物不仅记录了湖泊演化及气候变化的历史,还间接地反映冰川发育过程。年保玉则山(果洛山)下的希门错是在冰川强烈退缩后形成的一个典型冰蚀湖。从地域分布上讲,该区冰川发育遗迹分为4个部分,即上希门错以上、上希门错和希门错之间、希门错出口附近和希门错以北6～10km处。前人依据冰碛物的暴露年龄和上覆黄土的热释光年代将上述4组冰碛物划分为4次冰进,包括形成于MIS3阶段的尼格曲冰期、形成于末次盛冰期的希门错冰期、以上希门错和希门错之间的冰碛物作为标志的末次冰消期和形成于全新世的新冰期。通过对采自希门错长达12.8m的岩芯研究发现,希门错自约38kaB.P.以来有连续的湖泊沉积,这一地质证据说明在湖泊存在的这段时间内,冰川规模都没有超过现在湖泊所在位置。希门错冰期的形成时代应该至少老于湖泊沉积物底界的年龄,即大于38kaB.P.,而并非末次冰盛期的产物;尼格曲冰期的形成时代则应该更老。文章还初步分析了湖泊沉积物与冰碛物测年结果代表的不同意义和差别及其造成不一致的原因,认为冰碛物的暴露年代和热释光年代均可能代表了冰川退缩后的年代,而不能代表冰川的形成和发育年龄,冰川存在的时间要比通过冰碛物所测的年代更老。进一步深入研究青藏高原典型冰蚀湖的形成时代、演化过程不仅有利于对湖泊气候环境记录的全面认识,也将为冰川形成与演化历史、特别是冰川形成年代和其他测年资料的科学解释提供可靠的依据。 相似文献