共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Marine Policy》2017
In the past two decades, the seafarer workforce in China has been growing at a much faster pace than that of the Chinese merchant fleet, resulting in an oversupply of seafarers in the domestic market. As one of the major seafarer suppliers in the world, China still faces great challenges to assign Chinese seafarers to the international maritime labour market. Although literature claims that a lack of English communication ability of Chinese seafarers is one of the main barriers for them to compete with seafarers of other nationalities for job opportunities, there is little empirical research to substantiate such claim. To fill this gap, this paper aims to investigate: 1) employers’ views on the current level of Chinese seafarers’ communicative competence; and 2) to what extent their communicative competence correlates with their employability in the international maritime labour market. To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire survey relating to factors affecting the employability of Chinese seafarers on foreign ships was conducted. Interviews were carried out with employers who had been recruiting seafarers in China. The findings show that English communicative competence is among the top determinants for seafarers to be employed on foreign ships. Most employers believe that there has been a declining trend in the communicative competence of Chinese seafarers over the last decade. Employers interviewed agree that a high priority should be placed on the improvement of quality of maritime English teachers. 相似文献
2.
《Marine Policy》2017
Seafarers make a critical contribution to civil society, but seafarers’ health has received comparatively little attention in the maritime world. China has the largest population of seafarers, and Chinese seafarers are working on board merchant ships flying different flags. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 entered into force in China in November 2016, and it has already generated significant impact in terms of policy, legislation and maritime practice. However, while seafarers’ treatment has been improved significantly in many countries, in particular in developed countries, Chinese seafarers are still facing some challenges relating to health issues, such as long working hours, insufficient nutrition, lack of recreation and poor mental health. Based on existing knowledge and scholarship available in the public domain, together with primary data collected in several phases of fieldwork, this paper critically examines a number of major issues relating to maritime health of Chinese seafarers. 相似文献
3.
《Marine Policy》2017
In the maritime sector, seafaring has been predominantly a male industry. The industry had developed its own culture which denied or precluded women's participation. This paper draws on the data and analysis of the Gender, Empowerment and Multi-cultural Crew (GEM) Project, an international study aiming to examine seafarers’ welfare, focusing on gender issues arising from a multi-cultural crew environment in three countries: China, Nigeria and the UK. The main research findings, which relate to China, are reported under the headings of motivation, training, employment opportunities and barriers, and career prospects for women. The paper concludes with a discussion on an important new state policy concerning gender equality in university recruitment and with recommendations to move things forward. 相似文献
4.
The EU is the leading maritime power with approximately 3 million people in total working in its thriving maritime industries. It is the aim of the present paper to examine the status of the EU-registered and -controlled fleet, provide an overview of contemporary forces in the shipping business, which affect employment of EU seafarers, and discuss principal EU initiatives in support of the competitiveness of the EU shipping and employment opportunities for EU nationals in it. Among the issues under consideration will be the role and effect of third party flags, cost considerations, the maritime cluster effect, and regulatory burdens. 相似文献
5.
《Marine Policy》2017
The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 outlines a framework for states to enforce jurisdiction over maritime labour matters, including the Flag State, Port State and Labour Supplying State. However, the Convention does not provide explicit guidance on jurisdiction determination. This article argues that seafarers should have the right to access the jurisdictions of member states, and that future amendment to the Convention should confirm this right. This paper first analyses current theories of maritime labour jurisdiction. Secondly, it conducts a comparative doctrinal analysis regarding adjudicative jurisdiction principles in common law and civil law systems. Thirdly, in three case studies involving concurrence jurisdictions of member states, this article finds that the authority of any single member state is not reliably accessible to seafarers, in particular when the state has no strong link with the seafarers. This article recommends that seafarers’ rights in the Convention to choose one jurisdiction from relevant member states should be confirmed in a future amendment. 相似文献
6.
《Marine Policy》1999,23(2):161-175
Concern has existed for some time that the decline of the British shipping industry is resulting in the UK economy losing its maritime skills base. The effects of this loss could extend beyond the shipping industry because former seafarers are employed in other maritime related businesses besides shipping ashore. A study undertaken during 1995 and 1996 identified the economy’s requirement for people with seafaring experience in land based jobs and assessed the consequences of a shortfall in supply of seafarers to fill such jobs. This paper is mainly concerned with the supply aspects and policy implications of that study. 相似文献
7.
Although crew members form bedrock of the squid industry, they have not benefitted from the transformation and governance reforms because: the harvesting technique necessitates incentivisation of individual effort; they are highly mobile; and the industry is exempted from revised labour legislation. As a result, they have been unable to organise for laying claim on benefits. As they unionise to strengthen their bargaining position, the conundrum is how to maintain incentive practices on which the catching sector is based while asserting their rights. The challenge is re-structuring the sector to improve quality of employment while maintaining individual crew member productivity incentives. 相似文献
8.
《Marine Policy》2002,26(1):35-43
The development of the Flags of Convenience (FOC) system has had serious repercussions for labour as shipowners, in search of cheaper crews, have recruited ‘crews of convenience’ from developing nations. This paper examines the record of FOCs to analyse the effects of globalisation upon the working lives of seafarers. The method used will be to compare the regimes of FOCs, and this will be done by the analysis of a flag state conformance index (FLASCI) created by the authors, which utilises a large number of measures of a state's capacity to maintain and enforce a regulatory regime for the vessels flying its flag. 相似文献
9.
This paper considers the evidence that exists on the global demand and supply of seafarers, and their age profiles. New information on the age profiles of deck and engine officers is presented, drawn from records held by the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency. Detailed age profiles for certain countries are constructed and compared with that of the UK, as well as with estimates published elsewhere. Using the data derived from the MCA, it is shown that there is a significant positive correlation between the age profiles of seafarer supplying countries and their level of economic development, as measured by GDP per capita. This evidence is consistent with the view that the future supply of seafaring officers will increasingly be oriented towards countries at lower levels of development, as the existing pool of highly qualified officers from traditional maritime countries continues to diminish. 相似文献
10.
People with seafaring experience and skills are employed in the maritime sector of the UK economy in land-based jobs as well as in seagoing ones. This paper examines the balance of supply and demand in the land-based jobs market. It then considers the likely effects of a shortfall in the supply of British ships’ officers to fill net vacancies in jobs ashore, including the policy implications of this and the consequences for the economy's maritime skills base if the Government fails to act decisively now to correct market failure. 相似文献
11.
为解决无人船适用海商法存在的问题,促进我国无人船海上运输产业的健康可持续发展,文章从法理的角度阐释国际海事委员会无人船调查问卷中无人船的法律地位、船长和船员的认定以及无人船的碰撞责任,提出无人船适用海商法存在不确定性风险;在海商法领域,无人船的法律地位认定、船长和船员的识别以及船舶碰撞责任的适用仍存在问题,解决上述问题的有效路径是明确无人船的法律地位、将岸基控制人员识别为船员、采用过错责任原则认定无人船的碰撞责任以及合理分配船东与生产者之间的碰撞责任,以合理规避无人船的风险。 相似文献
12.
《Marine Policy》2001,25(3):215-221
Although UK deck and engineer officers numbers and age distribution are now well known, certain other aspects of this group of seafarers are not. This paper presents some new findings concerning their disposition across UK and non-UK companies, and provides a fresh estimate of the proportions of UK officers working at sea. The findings are based on a survey of members of National Union of Marine Aviation Shipping Transport. The evidence provides additional confirmation for the assumption that 90% of all officers are actively engaged at sea, and the numbers working for UK based companies are higher than previously thought. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
13.
《Marine Policy》2017
The increased maritime accidents attributable to communication barriers have raised great concern about international shipping safety. The requirement for effective communication has been contained in the compulsory part of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers in 2010. However, many Chinese seafarers still experience difficulty in communicating with foreign seafarers at sea even though they passed the English exams required for a Certificate of Competency. Literature argues that the outcomes of maritime English education are not satisfactory. However, this claim is too general and has not been substantiated with empirical evidence. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper reveals that English communicative incompetence of Chinese seafarers was attributable to the maritime English examinations system, teaching materials, teaching methods and teachers and students themselves. Recommendations were made to improve maritime cadets’ English communicative competence. 相似文献
15.
潜艇在水下进行重力梯度探测与导航过程中,利用重力梯度仪测量所在位置的重力梯度张量来感知周边海底地形起伏以及规避障碍物,由于潜艇中人员具有一定的质量,人员在理论上会对重力梯度测量值产生影响。为分析人员质量对重力梯度测量的影响,将人体简化为立方体模型,计算人体在潜艇内不同高度处的重力梯度异常分布情况,分析其对重力梯度探测的影响,并将计算得到的结果与质点模型的结果对比分析得到两者的差异。结果表明在距离人体5 m以内的大部分位置上,重力梯度各分量的量级能达到10~(-2)E,在更近的位置上梯度值的量级能达到10E,为防止对重力梯度仪测量结果产生影响,人员需要在距离梯度仪一定的距离外活动,随着精度的提高,限制距离将会增大。本文得出的结论可为以后重力梯度探测工程化应用提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
16.
《Marine Policy》2016
Over the past year, scandals around what has been labelled slave labour in the industrial fisheries sector in Thailand have revealed not only the connections between northern buyers and southern labour practices, but also the relative lack of research on fisheries labour in Asia and the global South. The slavery and trafficking framings pervading these depictions have been very useful for drawing attention to and acting on criminal activities in labour recruitment and abuse, but have limits as a basis for addressing the underlying causes of forced labour in fisheries. Insights from research on regional labour migration as well as the work of civil society organisations in Thailand suggest that broader improvements in labour relations will require changes in migration management, with a focus on addressing vulnerabilities that restrict the abilities of migrant workers to obtain better working conditions. This analysis provides the basis for assessing the potential and limits of recent programmes to improve labour relations on the oceans, including anti-trafficking policies, IUU enforcement, buyer efforts to ensure that supply chains do not involve forced or illegal labour relations, and Thai government actions. 相似文献
17.
《Marine Policy》2001,25(4):293-301
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the duration of voyages undertaken by National Union of Marine Aviation Shipping Transport (NUMAST) deck and engineer officers during 1998–99. It provides a snapshot of the employment profile of the officers, and compares voyage patterns across Organisation Type, Company Nationality, Flag of Registry, and Ship Type.Analysis of the various cross-tabulations of employment duration appears to show that the key driver is ship type, which it is argued, is a proxy for different markets, which have different employment requirements for its seafarers. Further work is needed to determine the factors which help to explain the observed variations in voyage durations.The paper is completed with an analysis of the age profiles of NUMAST officers by Flag of Registry. It is shown that significant variations in age profiles exist, with those working under Open registers being slightly older than those in the UK or UK related registers. 相似文献
18.
《Marine Policy》1999,23(1):71-80
This paper presents the findings of a study into fatalities among seafarers serving on board merchant vessels worldwide. Statistics obtained from official maritime authorities are used to provide a comparison of mortality rates among seafarers in 19 different national fleets, and to estimate the number of seafaring lives lost at sea worldwide. This study has the advantage of distinguishing between five different causes of death at sea: deaths through maritime disasters, occupational accidents, illnesses, crewing personnel missing at sea and suicides, homicides and unexplained causes. The findings are compared with those of previous studies and with published statistical information on casualties worldwide. It is evident that statistics released by respected maritime sources grossly under-report casualties arising from disasters involving merchant vessels, and fail to address mortality through all other causes of death at sea. 相似文献
19.
UK shipping companies increasingly flagged out their ships from the 1970s to the late 1990s. This study used Lloyd's casualty records from 1970 to 2005 to investigate and compare shipping casualties and crew fatalities in UK shipping, UK second registers (Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Hong Kong and the Isle of Man) and six foreign flags (Bahamas, Belize, Cyprus, Malta, St. Vincent and Vanuatu) used frequently by UK shipping companies. The study also assessed how 12 shipping factors may affect ships foundering and crew fatalities. Shipping casualty and crew fatality rates fell over time in UK shipping, in UK second registers and in older flags of conveniences, rather than in newer flags of convenience such as Belize and St. Vincent. Cargo, trade and weather most strongly affected ships foundering and crew fatalities. The findings indicate that shipping casualties and crew fatalities should be monitored in new and rapidly expanding flags of convenience. 相似文献
20.
基于极限分析上限方法的海底斜坡稳定性评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
极限平衡法仍是当前海底斜坡稳定性的主要工程评价方法,但该法只能给出稳定性分析的近似解答。基于极限分析运动学定理,假定海底斜坡发生对数螺线型滑移破坏模式,将滑体有效自重和简化波浪力等以外荷载形式叠加引入到虚功率方程中,与潜在滑动面上由黏聚力产生的内能耗散率相平衡,建立考虑一阶简化波浪效应的海底斜坡上限解法;利用多变量无导数求极值的逐级迭代方法与最优化技术,结合抗剪强度折减思想,求解波浪加载下不同时刻的海底斜坡稳定性与相应的临界破坏机构,并针对典型算例开展有限元数值解的验证。进而联合采用数值法与上限解,探讨波高、波长、水深等波浪参数对海底斜坡稳定性与滑动机制的影响。结果表明,本文提出的上限解与数值解吻合较好,获得的安全系数与破坏模式等符合一般规律,为波浪作用下海底斜坡的稳定性评价提供了新的途径。 相似文献