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1.
《Marine Policy》2005,29(1):25-37
Two major components of the Panamanian economy are its maritime sector and the Canal. The author covered the analysis of the former in a previous paper. For a rigorous study on the future capacity of the Canal, it is required, on the one hand, that an analysis of its management be done and, on the other hand, of its operation, modernisation and future scope. This paper focuses on the Canal management since its creation, reviewing its historical background, legal foundations, as well as its management and toll system currently in place—which is the responsibility of Panama nationals, once the Canal was transferred by the USA. Present management indicates optimum performance and outstanding improvements. It is successfully facing the challenge of maintaining the operating capacity to accommodate future world traffic. Its operation, traffic and modernisation will be the subject of our next paper. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Recent changes in marine policy in Panama are closely related to sustained expansion of the Panamanian economy in the past ten years. Important drivers of economic growth such as the Panama Canal expansion, tourism, and real estate development directly involve marine and coastal areas. Therefore, maintaining the quality of these environments, as well as the sustainability of the human communities that depend on them, calls for the implementation of adequate management and planning policies. In light of a complex history of marine and coastal policy in Panama, current institutional restructuring processes, and a growing recognition of the importance of marine and coastal geographies, the authors aim to document the current status of, and community response to, marine and coastal policy in Panama, analyzed in terms of three important cross-cutting sectors: tourism, fishing, and conservation. To do so, the authors introduce two case studies: one in the Pearl Islands Archipelago and one in Bocas del Toro, each with varying degrees of participation or involvement in each sector, to illustrate the range of adaptations to change occurring in coastal communities. Based on an in-depth policy analysis and the case studies, the authors suggest that there are important administrative and structural gaps in the legislation and institutions that enforce them, as well as a lack of integration across institutions. In particular, the authors highlight the lack of clear marine and coastal property regimes as an obstacle to the implementation of integrative marine policies in Panama. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The Panama Ship Registry has its origins in the year 1917. Nowadays, Panama has the largest vessel registry in the world. The second placed registry in the world ranking is Liberia, which does not have even half the number of Panamanian ships. In this Centennial, the aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the Panamanian Registry, the structure of the Panamanian-flagged fleet and the level of compliance with international standards in relation to maritime safety and working conditions. To undertake the analysis, two different qualitative and quantitative approaches are compared and integrated for the evaluation of the Panama Ship Registry: the degree of ratification and enforcement of the Conventions and Recommendations of the International Maritime Organization and International Labour Organization, and the results of Panamanian flagged vessels in inspections carried out within the major Port State Control Memoranda of Understanding. This paper fills a research gap by discussing an approach to the concept of flag of convenience and flag State, Panama is more an international registry, whose role is becoming less important from the points of view of safety or working conditions. The fleet performance evolution has been very positive as evidenced by the data presented in this article regarding Port State Control. 相似文献
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In previous papers we have looked at open registries, the Panama maritime sector and Panama Canal operations and management. No maritime study of Panama is complete, however, without a detailed look at the Panama Canal's main port system, which has enjoyed remarkable growth since the privatization of the terminal ports of Cristóbal and Balboa in 1995. This paper looks at the evolution and development of the Canal's port system; its stewardship, initially by the American authorities governing the Canal and, post-transition, by the Panamanians, and includes a study of the driving forces that led to privatization. We will conclude by looking at the results of the successful reform of the system, currently considered a primary model for other Latin American countries. 相似文献
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南四湖治理的中心任务是降低洪水位,在尽快续建两项主要工程—扩大韩庄运河和扩大湖腰—的前提下,湖内清障是保证洪水畅泄、降低水位、缩短滞洪时间,减少洪灾损失的重要措施。本文着重对以往湖内清苇实施困难、效果不佳的原因进行了分析,为了提高今后治湖工程的综合经济效益,对开展清障工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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China Ocean Engineering - Turkey has announced its plan to construct a new waterway, Canal Istanbul, parallel to the Bosphorus. In this study, the influence of Canal Istanbul on salinity... 相似文献
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Scales of recruitment variability in warming waters: Comparing native and introduced oysters in Hood Canal,Washington, USA 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effect of climate change on natural oyster recruitment has the potential to disrupt many of the ecosystem services oysters provide. Due to the temperature‐sensitivity of reproduction, oyster recruitment may shift as water temperatures rise. A biological imprint of climate change was revealed in a multi‐decadal time series of recruitment of non‐native Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the main stem of Hood Canal, Washington, USA, extracted from historic fishery documents. Water in July and August warmed significantly from 1945 to 1995 (0.028 ± 0.004°C per year [±SE]) and accounted for an increase in Pacific oyster recruitment (7% per year, 0.028 ± 0.006 spat per year on log scale [±SE]); recruitment also strongly tracked inter‐annual variability in summer water temperature. Methods used to collect historical data were repeated in 2013–2015 when recruitment of both Pacific oysters and native Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida) were recorded in main stem and lower Hood Canal. Both historic and modern data show large variation within and between years for temperature as well as recruitment. The modern data add information regarding spatial variation, in that recruitment patterns in the two regions of Hood Canal were decoupled. As temperatures continue to increase, non‐native Pacific oysters are likely to be favored over Olympia oysters, which recruit earlier at lower temperatures and presently contribute less than half of total oyster recruits. Future recruitment, however, may be limited by environmental factors other than temperature, a point indicated particularly in Hood Canal where many subtidal species already respond strongly to gradients in dissolved oxygen. 相似文献
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2017年我国"蛟龙"号载人潜水器完成了为期5年的试验性应用,期间累计下潜100余次,形成和建立了科学完善的应用保障体系和专业的应用人才队伍。以"蛟龙"号试验性应用中运行与保障的实践经验为基础,针对其中设备与备品备件管理、运行作业管理、拆检总装管理、数据资料查询与利用等方面的重要需求,设计开发了一套"蛟龙"号载人潜水器运行与保障信息管理系统,通过信息化平台实现设备资源、作业成果以及经验积累传承之间的高效衔接与复用,最大限度地降低装备运行成本、提高作业效率、保障海上作业安全。文章提出的载人潜水器运维体系能够为我国其他行业或部门的载人潜水器、远程缆控机器人(ROV)、水下自治机器人(AUV)等重大海洋装备的运行与保障提供有益参考借鉴。 相似文献
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为研究莱州湾水交换对胶莱运河修建工程的响应,以及为海洋污染治理问题提供参考,以莱州湾为重点模拟区域建立了二维平面潮流和对流扩散模型,利用渤海、黄海、莱州湾地形及海洋环境资料,结合2018年莱州湾海水水质监测结果,初步分析了胶莱运河的修建对莱州湾海洋环境现状的影响。模拟结果表明,胶莱运河建成后年径流总量约为7.2×109 m3,净流方向由胶州湾流向莱州湾;工程后整个莱州湾水交换能力略有增强,东部强于西部,半交换周期缩短14 d;黄海海水经由胶州湾进入胶莱运河输送至莱州湾,冲淡莱州湾内非优良水体,从一定程度上缓解了莱州湾东部河口入海处小范围海域海水水质现状。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》1999,23(2):177-190
This paper has two aims. First, New Zealand’s quota management system is analysed using a simple analytical economic model. Second, the paper describes how the system has evolved in response to pressures since implementation. The quota management system has provided a remarkably robust platform for addressing fisheries management problems during its first ten years of operation. It also provided the government with an instrument for settling Maori fishing claims. In 1996, the unsubsidised New Zealand fishing industry exported most of its harvest to highly competitive international markets. The paper concludes with a discussion of contemporary challenges. 相似文献
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内河航运是交通运输业重要的组成部分，具有独特的优越性。京杭运河距今已有近2500年的历史，是世界上开凿最早、最长的人工运河。鲁西南地区具有丰富的煤炭、石膏等矿产资源，长江以南京杭运河南段苏浙沪水网地区，是我国重要的工业生产基地．迫切需要从北方调入大量煤炭，在津浦线运力早已饱含的情况下，京杭运河济宁至徐州段续建工程更显得十分必要。该工程包括：航道、船闸、公路桥、节制闸、港口、船厂、航修站、微波通信等项目。工程总投资14．96亿元，完工后可净增港口吞吐能力1550万t，三级航道的年货物通过能力将达4000万t．京杭运河山东段工程的续建和崛起必将为齐鲁经济和强国富民做出更大贡献。 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(9-10):717-726
The enactment of the Law on the Management of Sea Use introduced a new and important legal system for strengthening integrated coastal management in China. This paper presents the situation pertaining to coastal management in China prior to its enactment and an analysis of the major components of the Law. It then discusses the ways and means employed to implement the Law at national and local levels since its promulgation, as well as its impacts and implications. The paper ends with a number of recommendations for further legislative enhancement. 相似文献
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Shankar Aswani Patrick Christie Nyawira A. MuthigaRobin Mahon Jurgenne H. PrimaveraLori A. Cramer Edward B. BarbierElise F. Granek Chris J. KennedyEric Wolanski Sally Hacker 《Marine Policy》2012,36(1):1-10
This paper discusses some of the challenges and opportunities that can arise when implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM) in tropical nations. EBM creates a new series of challenges, problems, and opportunities that must be considered in light of existing governance and management frameworks in a local context. The paper presents five case studies from different parts of the tropical world, including Oceania, insular and continental Southeast Asia, East Africa, and the Caribbean, which illustrate that the implementation of EBM in watershed and marine ecosystems offers a new series of challenges and opportunities for its inclusion with existing forms of environmental governance and management. The paper suggests that EBM is best thought of as an expansion of customary management (CM) and integrated coastal management (ICM), rather than a paradigm shift, and that it has certain benefits that are worth integrating into existing systems when possible. The paper concludes that the cultural and institutional context of CM as well as the experience, technical skills, and legal basis that serve ICM programs are logical platforms from which to build EBM programs. Some guidelines for creating hybrid management regimes are suggested. In sum, declining marine species and ecosystems require urgent action, necessitating utilization of existing paradigms such as ICM and CM as a foundation for building EBM. 相似文献
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大型底栖动物是河流生态系统中重要的生态类群,研究其群落组成及分布特征能为河流生态系统管理提供理论支撑。2018年6月(夏季)和11月(秋季),在崇明岛内河设置16个固定站点,开展了拖网和地笼相结合的大型底栖动物调查,分析研究了崇明岛内河大型底栖动物群落的组成与分布特征及影响因子。调查期间共采集到大型底栖动物14种,分属5目8科,主要为节肢动物。其中,淡水型10种,河口半咸水型3种,降海洄游型1种。从空间分布来看,北横引河记录12种,南横引河记录6种,竖河记录11种;不同河道大型底栖动物群落组成均以淡水型种类为主,主要优势物种为日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)和秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus);北横引河大型底栖动物群落的物种数、多度及生物量均高于南横引河;而竖河介于两者之间。夏季大型底栖动物群落的物种数、多度和生物量均高于秋季,季节变化是崇明岛内河大型底栖动物群落组成变化的重要特征之一。综合来看,崇明岛内河大型底栖动物群落组成特征兼具内陆河流和河口区特点,它与崇明岛区位特征、河流水文及生境条件、水质特征及区域人类活动等多种因素有关。 相似文献
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胜利埕岛油田单井拉油平台的设计浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胜利埕岛油田自1993年正式产油以来,已经建成简易式的单井拉油平台10多座,无论是设计、建造和施工还是运行管理都积累了许多成功的经验,根据多年来从事的浅海简易式拉油平台设计经验,结合目前埕岛油田该种类型平台的现况,从设计构思的角度着重阐述了平台结构形式的确定、平台方位的选择、平面布置、系统配套以及安全、环保、救生等系统的设置,以期为今后该种类型平台的设计提供一个较完整的思路。 相似文献
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港口航道图测量工作量的计算是测绘计划编排和任务管理的基础性工作,一直以来完全采用手工方式操作完成,具有计算工作量大、精度不高、容易出错等缺点。探讨了基于GIS技术的港口航道图测量工作量自动计算系统的主要研究内容,采用GIS技术中的成熟空间操作算法,系统实现了图幅各类多边形的全自动提取、自动裁剪、自动拼接、自动扩展,最终实现工作量的自动计算,从而取代繁琐的人工操作,最大限度实现工作量计算的自动化,改进测绘生产管理效率。 相似文献
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京杭运河续建工程韩庄枢纽船闸基坑开挖施工 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
韩庄船闸是京杭运河续建工程建设中重要工程,本文对船闸基坑大开挖施工以及施工过程中出现的问题和采取的处理措施进行了总结。 相似文献
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Assume that the Tonglu Canal would be widened and deepened in which a water lock is constructed at the river side, and made open to the sea side.The canal''s planned control dimensions are determined, and the erosion and siltation characteristics along the river (totally 81.8 km) are analyzed by the numerical calculation of one-dimensional unsteady flow and the relative standards.According to the data of the evolution, hydrology and sediment in the Xiaomiaohong Waterway, it is found reasonable to select the channel near the Xingang Gate as the second sea-entering approach.This paper is helpful in planning and designing the approach. 相似文献