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1.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(9)
The Babao River Basin is the "water tower" of the Heihe River Basin. The combination of vulnerable ecosystems and inhospitable natural environments substantially restricts the existence of humans and the sustainable development of society and environment in the Heihe River Basin. Soil temperature(ST) is a critical soil variable that could affect a series of physical, chemical and biological soil processes, which is the guarantee of water conservation and vegetation growth in this region. To measure the temporal variation and spatial pattern of ST fluctuation in the Babao River Basin, fluctuation of ST at various depths were analyzed with ST data at depths of 4, 10 and 20 cm using classical statistical methods and permutation entropy. The study results show the following: 1) There are variations of ST at different depths, although ST followed an obvious seasonal law. ST at shallower depths is higher than at deeper depths in summer, and vice versa in winter. The difference of ST between different depths is close to zero when ST is near 5℃ in March or –5℃ in September. 2) In spring, ST at the shallower depths becomes higher than at deeper depths as soon as ST is above –5℃; this is reversed in autumn when ST is below 5℃. ST at a soil depth of 4 cm is the first to change, followed by ST at 10 and 20 cm, and the time that ST reaches the same level is delayed for 10–15 days. In chilling and warming seasons, September and February are, respectively, the months when ST at various depths are similar. 3) The average PE values of ST for 17 sites at 4 cm are 0.765 in spring 0.764 in summer 0.735 in autumn 0.723 in winter, which implies the complicated degree of fluctuations of ST. 4) For the variation of ST at different depths, it appears that Max, Ranges, Average and the Standard Deviation of ST decrease by depth increments in soil. Surface soil is more complicated because ST fluctuation at shallower depths is more pronounced and random. The average PE value of ST for 17sites are 0.863 at a depth of 4 cm 0.818 at 10 cm 0.744 at 20 cm. 5) For the variation of ST at different elevations, it appears that Max, Ranges, Average, Standard Deviation and ST fluctuation decrease with increasing elevation at the same soil depth. And with the increase of elevation, the decrease rates of Max, Range, Average, Standard Deviation at 4 cm are –0.89℃/100 m, –0.94℃/100 m, –0.43℃/100 m, and –0.25℃/100 m, respectively. In addition, this correlation decreased with the increase of soil depth. 6) Significant correlation between PE values of ST at depths of 4, 10 and 20 cm can easily be found. This finding implies that temperature can easily be transmitted within soil at depths between 4 and 20 cm. 7) For the variation of ST on shady slope and sunny slope sides, it appears that the PE values of ST at 4, 10 and 20 cm for 8 sites located on shady slope side are 0.868, 0.824 and 0.776, respectively, whereas they are 0.858, 0.810 and 0.716 for 9 sites located on sunny slope side. 相似文献
2.
Analyses of the soil moisture evolution trend and the influence of different types of radiation on soil moisture are of great significance to the simulation and prediction of soil moisture.In this paper,soil moisture(2–60 cm) and various radiation data from 2014–2015 at the A’rou superstation were selected.The radiation data include the net radiation(NR),shortwave and longwave radiation(SR and LR).Using adaptive fractal analysis(AFA),the long-range correlation(LRC) of soil moisture and long-range cross correlation(LRCC) between moisture and three types of radiation were analyzed at different timescales and soil depths.The results show that:(1) Persistence of soil moisture and consistency between soil moisture and radiation mutate at 18-d and 6-d timescales,respectively.The timescale variation of soil moisture persistence is mainly related to the influence process of radiation on soil moisture;(2) Both the soil moisture persistence and soil moisture-radiation consistency vary substantially with soil depth.The soil depth variation of soil moisture persistence is related to the influence intensity of radiation;(3) From 2–6 day timescales,LR displays the strongest influence on soil moisture at depths of 2–10 cm through negative feedback of radiation on the soil temperature.The influence intensity decreases with depth from 2–15 cm.Therefore,the soil moisture persistence is weak and increases with depth from 2–15 cm;and(4) At more than 6 day timescales,SR and NR display a stronger influence on the soil moisture persistence at depths of 2–40 cm through positive feedback of radiation on the soil temperature,especially at depths of 2–10 cm.This influence also weakens with depth.The soil moisture persistence at depths of 2–10 cm is the weakest and increases with depth from 2–40 cm.The research results are instructive for determining timescales and soil depths related to soil water in hydrological models. 相似文献
3.
塔里木河下游植被生态需水量(英文) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
We have appraised the relationships between soil moisture,groundwater depth, and plant species diversity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in western China,by analyzing field data from 25 monitoring wells across eight study sites and 25 permanent vegetation survey plots.It is noted that groundwater depth,soil moisture and plant species diversity are closely related.It has been proven that the critical phreatic water depth is five meters in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.We acquired the mean phreatic evaporation of different groundwater levels every month by averaging the two results of phreatic evaporation using the Qunk and Averyanov formulas.Based on different vegetation types and acreage with different groundwater depth,the total ecological water demand(EWD)of natural vegetation in 2005 was 2.4×108m 3in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Analyzing the monthly EWD,we found that the EWD in the growth season(from April to September)is 81%of the year's total EWD.The EWD in May,June and July was 47%of the year's total EWD,which indicates the best time for dispensing artificial water.This research aims at realizing the sustainable development of water resources and provides a scientific basis for water resource management and sound collocation of the Tarim River Basin. 相似文献
4.
地下水位变化对干旱区植被盖度的影响及其空间变异特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Sampling and testing are conducted on groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the 670 km^2 of the Sangong River Basin and semi-variance function analysis is made afterwards on the data obtained by the application of geo-statistics. Results showed that the variance curve of the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage displays an exponential model. Analysis of sampling data in 2003 indicates that the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage change similarly in space in this area. The Sangong River Basin is composed of upper oasis, middle ecotone and lower sand dune. In oasis and ecotone, influenced by irrigation of the adjoining oasis, groundwater level has been raised and soil water content also increased compared with sand dune nearby, vegetation developed well. But in the lower reaches of the Sangong River Basin, because of descending of groundwater level, soil water content decreased and vegetation degenerated. From oasis to abandoned land and desert grassland, vegetation coverage and groundwater level changed greatly with significant difference respectively in spatial variation. Distinct but similar spatial variability exists among the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the study area, namely, the vegetation coverage decreasing (increasing) as the groundwater depth increases (decreases). This illustrates the great dependence of vegetation coverage on groundwater depth in arid regions and further implies that among the great number of factors affecting vegetation coverage in arid regions, groundwater depth turns out to be the most determinant one. 相似文献
5.
This paper focuses on the growth response of Caragana microphylla seedlings to changes of artificially controlled water table in Horqin Sandy Land, China. Monitoring results of soil water content shows that soil moisture is closely correlated to groundwater depths. Soil volumetric water increased rapidly when close to water sources and finally stabilized in a saturated state. The soil moisture trend of CK(control) increased gradually at 0–50 cm of soil depth then decreased to 4% below 50 cm soil depth. C. microphylla can adapt to different soil environments by changes in ecological and physiological characteristics. By comparing the ecological characteristics of C. microphylla seedlings at various water tables, we found that a shallow water table of 40 cm depth inhibited seedling growth because of weak ecological characteristics. A groundwater depth of 120 cm was more advantageous for plant height and canopy growth of C. microphylla seedlings. During the first two years, the most suitable water depth for root biomass was 120 cm, and 180 cm for root length. The growth of vertical roots is positively correlated with groundwater depth, and root thickness is the determinate factor for root biomass while the fine root is the determinate factor for root length. A thick root would grow much more in a natural drought environment while access to ground water promotes the growth of fine roots. 相似文献
6.
Spatiotemporal variations of maximum seasonal freeze
depth in 1950s–2007 over the Heihe River Basin,
Northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Investigation on spatiotemporal variations of maximum seasonal freeze depth （MSFD） over the Heihe River Basin is of great importance for systematic understanding of regional climate and environmental change, ecological-hydrological processes, water resources assessment, construction and resource development. Based on soil and air temperatures at the meteorological stations of the China Meteorological Administration （CMA） over the Heihe River Basin, MSFDs time series are structured into a composite time series over the 1960-2007 period. Evaluating the averaged MSFD time series for 1960 2007 reveals a statistically significant trend of 4.0 cm/decade or a net change of-19.2 cm for the 48-year period over the basin. The MSFD had significantly negative correlation with mean annual air temperature （MAAT）, winter air temperature, mean annual ground surface temperature （MAGST）, degree days of thawing for the air （DDTa） as well as for the surface （DDTs）, and degree days of freezing for the surface （DDFs）. While there was significantly positive correlation between DDF,. and MSFD time series, MSFD was deeper and changed greatly in the Heihe River source area. It was shallower in the east-central basin and gradually deepened in other sections of the basin. The MSFD distribution pattern in 2003-2005 is consistent with that of averaged degree days of freezing for air （DDFa） in 1960-2007. However, the maximum of MSFD may not be accurate, because there is no long term observation data in the deep seasonally frozen ground regions near the lower boundary of permafrost. With increasing elevation, averaged DDFa increased at a rate of 51.6 ℃-day/100m, therefore, the MSFG and the date reaching MSFG became deeper and later, respectively. 相似文献
7.
YunFeng Ruan LiangJu Zhao HongLang Xiao GuoDong Cheng MaoXian Zhou Fang Wang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(3):0226-0235
Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions （δ18O and δD） of soil water and shallow groundwater of a riparian forest, an artificial shrub forest, and Gobi of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin are used to study the recharge water sources of those ecosystems. IsoSource software is used to determine the δ180 values for root water of Populous euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the riparian forest ecosystem, Haloxylon ammodendron in the artificial shrub forest, and Reaumuria soongorica in the Gobi, as well as for local soil water and groundwater, and precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Our results showed that soil water and shallow groundwater of the riparian forest and the artificial shrub forest were recharged by river water which originated from precipitation in the upper reaches, and strong evaporation occurred in the artificial shrub forest. Soil water of the Gobi was not affected by Heihe River water due to this area being far away from the river channel. The main water sources of Populous euphratica were from 40-60-cm soil water and groundwater, and of Tamarix ramosissima were from 40-80-cm soil water in the riparian forest ecosystem. In the artificial forest, Haloxylon ammodendron used 200-cm saturated-layer soil water and shallow groundwater. The Reaumuria soongorica mainly used soil water from the 175-200-cm depth in the Gobi. Therefore, soil water and groundwater are the main water sources which maintain survival and growth of the plants in the extremely arid regions of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin. 相似文献
8.
YongSheng Wu Hasi Erdun RuiPing Yin Xin Zhang Jie Ren Jian Wang XiuMin Tian ZeKun Li HengLu Miao 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(6):0739-0744
Biological soil crusts are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, whose formation and development have an important impact on the restoration process of the desert ecosystem. In order to explore the relationship between surface airflow and development characteristics of biological soil crusts, we studied surface airflow pattern and development characteristics of biological soil crusts on the fixed dune profile through field observation. Results indicate that the speed of near-surface airflow is the lowest at the foot of windward slope and the highest at the crest, showing an increasing trend from the foot to the crest. At the leeward side, although near-surface airflow increases slightly at the lower part of the slope after an initial sudden decrease at upper part of the slope, its overall trend decreases from the crest. Wind velocity variation coefficient varied at different heights over each observation site. The thickness, shear strength of biological soil crusts and percentage of fine particles at crusts layer decreased from the slope foot to the upper part, showing that biological soil crusts are less developed in high wind speed areas and well developed in low wind speed areas. It can be seen that there is a close relationship between the distribution of biological soil crusts in different parts of the dunes and changes in airflow due to geomorphologic variation. 相似文献
9.
黄土高原作物产量及水土流失地形分异模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
De-farming slope farmland has been an effective measure in recent years for the improvement of the eco-environment and the mitigation of soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau. This paper, taking the Yangou Basin as a case study and using day-by-day mete- orological data of Yan'an station in 2005, simulated and analyzed the quantitative relation between crop yield, soil and water loss and topographic condition with the aid of WIN-YIELD software. Results show that: 1) topographic gradient has important influence on crop yield. The bigger gradient is, the lower the crop yield. Yields of sorghum and corn decrease by 15.44% and 14.32% respectively at 25° in comparison to the case of 0°. In addition, yields of soya, bean and potato decrease slightly by 5.26%, 4.67% and 3.84%, respectively. The in- fluences of topographic height and slope aspect on crop yield are slight. 2) Under the same topographic condition, different crops' runoff and soil loss show obvious disparity. Topographic gradient has important influence on soil and water loss. In general, the changing trend is that the soil and water loss aggregates with the increase of gradient, and the maximal amount occurs around 20°. The influence of topographic height is slight. Topographic aspect has a certain effect, and the fundamental characteristic is that values are higher at the aspect of south than north. 3) Topographic gradients of 5° and 15° are two important thresholds. The characteristic about soil and water loss with the variation of topographic gradients show that: the slope farmland with gradient less than 5° could remain unchanged, and the slope farm- land more than 15° should be de-farmed as early as possible. 相似文献
10.
The formation mechanism and influencing factors identification of soil erosion are the core and frontier issues of current research. However, studies on the multi-factor synthesis are still relatively lacked. In this study, the simulation of soil erosion and its quantitative attribution analysis have been conducted in different geomorphological types in a typical karst basin based on the RUSLE model and the geodetector method. The influencing factors, such as land use type, slope, rainfall, elevation, lithology and vegetation cover, have been taken into consideration. Results show that the strength of association between the six influencing factors and soil erosion was notably different in diverse geomorphological types. Land use type and slope were the dominant factors of soil erosion in the Sancha River Basin, especially for land use type whose power of determinant(q value) for soil erosion was much higher than other factors. The q value of slope declined with the increase of relief in mountainous areas, namely it was ranked as follows: middle elevation hill> small relief mountain> middle relief mountain. Multi-factors interactions were proven to significantly strengthen soil erosion, particularly for the combination of land use type with slope, which can explain 70% of soil erosion distribution. It can be found that soil erosion in the same land use type with different slopes(such as dry land with slopes of 5° and above 25°) or in the diverse land use types with the same slope(such as dry land and forest with a slope of 5°), varied much. These indicate that prohibiting steep slope cultivation and Grain for Green Project are reasonable measures to control soil erosion in karst areas. Based on statistics of soil erosion difference between diverse stratifications of each influencing factor, results of risk detector suggest that the amount of stratification combinations with significant difference accounted for 55% at least in small relief mountain and middle relief mountainous areas. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and its influencing factors in different geomorphological types should be investigated to control karst soil loss more effectively. 相似文献
11.
中国珠三角盆地和日本关东盆地平地人口密度对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
改革开放以来,大量人口向珠三角盆地聚集,不断增加的人口负荷给区域可持续发展带来巨大压力,也给珠三角盆地国土承载力带来挑战。以中国珠三角盆地和日本关东盆地作为研究区,选取2地2000和2010年普查人口和国土面积数据,进行计算、分析和对比,认为用可居住的平地人口密度才能真实反映区域人口压力状况。研究结果表明,日本关东盆地人口增长率从1995年开始已降到0.5%,人口承载力接近饱和。以人口承载力接近饱和的日本关东盆地为参考对象,对比中国珠三角盆地和日本关东盆地的平地人口密度,2000年时中国珠三角盆地的平地人口密度低于日本关东盆地,珠三角盆地还有一定吸纳人口的能力;2010年时中国珠三角盆地的平地人口密度已超过日本关东盆地,其人口规模已经接近其国土承载力极限,进一步集聚人口的能力已经非常有限。依靠人口集聚发展劳动密集型产业推动经济增长的传统发展模式已经难以为继,转变经济发展方式势在必行。 相似文献
12.
黄河流域经济韧性时空演变与影响因素研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄河流域应对外部冲击的经济韧性能力是实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展国家战略的关键。以黄河流域91个地市单元为研究对象,构建经济韧性指数,分析了黄河流域面对2008年国际金融危机的经济韧性的时空变化特征,并探究其决定因素。结果发现：① 黄河流域面对国际金融危机的抵抗力随着时间的推移呈现出显著下降的态势,表现出显著的空间集聚特征,黄河流域中南部地区经济韧性水平相对较高;② 黄河流域经济韧性存在显著的正向空间自相关特征,在空间上表现出经济韧性水平高（低）的城市在空间上集聚分布,且空间自相关指数呈现出上升的趋势;③ 相关多样性、专业化、政府管控和第三产业比重均显著的促进黄河流域经济韧性水平提升,而当前经济发展模式不利于经济韧性水平的提升;④ 黄河流域经济韧性具有显著的空间溢出效应,高经济韧性水平城市的发展将促进周边城市经济韧性水平的提升。 相似文献
13.
以亚热带季风区的典型流域——闽江流域为研究区域,根据Penman-Monteith（P-M）公式和双作物系数法,计算了闽江流域内8个气象观测站点的实际蒸散量,并评估了GLDAS-Noah实际蒸散产品在闽江流域的适用性。在此基础上,基于GLDAS-Noah实际蒸散发数据,解读了2000—2019年闽江流域的实际蒸散量的变化特征。结果表明：① GLDAS-Noah实际蒸散发数据在闽江流域的适用性较好(R2>0.9,NSE>0.8);② 2000年以来闽江流域的实际蒸散发呈增加趋势（3.86 mm/a,P < 0.01）,且存在显著的季节差异,表现为冬季和春季的增加速率要大于夏季和秋季;③ 闽江流域冬季和春季蒸散发增加与气温密切相关,冬季蒸散发与冬季气温呈微弱正相关（ R = 0.27）,春季蒸散发的增加与春季升温密切相关（R = 0.79）。 相似文献
14.
通过构建农牧资源与农牧经济协调发展耦合评价指标体系,采用耦合度模型评价了2004-2011年塔里木河流域农牧资源与农牧经济耦合发展水平,并提出塔里木河流域农牧资源与农牧经济协调发展的对策建议。结果表明:(1)塔里木河流域农牧资源系统指数呈现稳中有升的态势,总体升势较为平稳,未出现较大波动。(2)西部大开发战略的顺利实施、对口援疆项目的落地,使塔里木河流域农牧经济得到快速发展,农牧经济系统指数实现较大幅度的增长。(3)农牧资源与农牧经济耦合发展水平上升趋势明显,但是协调度不太高,农牧经济的快速发展使农牧资源保护的难度持续增大,协调发展压力仍然较大。 相似文献
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对青藏高原东部若尔盖盆地内外实地考察,在玛曲瓶颈段黄河二级阶地前沿陡坎,发现了含有古深湖相和古河床河漫滩相地层序列的典型沉积剖面。通过沉积物粒度特征分析和光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)测年,研究结果表明：① 剖面下部淡蓝灰色古深湖相沉积层为深水厌氧环境下形成的湖相沉积物,而覆盖其上的杂色卵石层夹淡黄橙色透镜状沙层则是古河床河漫滩相沉积物,指示了强动力流水作用过程。这2组地层的不整合接触关系,是黄河切开若尔盖湖盆导致古湖水外泄的直接证据。② 剖面古深湖相沉积层顶部和古滨浅湖相沉积层底部的OSL测年结果表明,古黄河在37 ka BP切开若尔盖湖盆,导致湖水外泄,35 ka BP湖水变浅消失,黄河沟通了若尔盖盆地水系。③ 晚更新世东昆仑大断裂强烈的新构造运动和37 ka 温暖湿润气候的综合影响使得尚处于玛曲断陷谷地草原的古黄河源溯源侵蚀加剧,由西向东在玛曲城南瓶颈段切开了若尔盖古湖盆,导致古湖水外泄,从而沟通了若尔盖湖盆的水系,使之成为黄河源。该研究结果对于深入理解青藏高原东北部河湖水系演变及黄河水系的形成具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
17.
黄河流域的综合治理与可持续发展 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：23
黄河流域与黄河所经地区在国家发展中具有极为重要的战略地位。2019年9月习近平总书记在郑州主持召开黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会上发表了重要讲话,具有重大战略意义。本文对黄河流域的综合治理与可持续发展形成了初步认识,指出新时代黄河流域全面深刻转型发展的任务仍然艰巨,需转变理念,持续推进能源清洁高效利用,因地制宜重点推进产业发展,不搞粗放式大开发,搞好资源耕地保护等方面应是推进黄河流域综合治理及保障可持续发展的重要举措,认为“黄河经济带”在全国经济层面上不存在,目前不适宜将“黄河三角洲”确定为国家战略。 相似文献
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金沙江石鼓-宜宾段河谷-水系演化研究综述与讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有关金沙江形成演化研究的历史已有百年之久,近十年来更是地学界研究热点之一,产出成果颇为丰硕。该文在对一个多世纪以来有关金沙江研究成果分析基础上,勾绘出金沙江石鼓-宜宾段上新世以来的河谷形成演化过程,基本观点为:全新世之前该区存在数条并列南流水系;上新世末-早更新世初,湖泊广泛发育;早更新世中后期,金沙江经丽江-鹤庆,于金江街附近汇入昔格达古湖;早更新世末期,昔格达古湖被切穿泄空,金沙江下游袭夺连通;中更新晚期,石鼓以南的东西向隆起使金沙江南流受阻,被动袭夺至水洛河,并于三江口与下游川江连通,至此形成真正具有现代意义的金沙江。 相似文献
20.
黄河流域节水高效农业建设的紧迫性及途径探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄河流域由于水资源短缺,供需矛盾日益尖锐。本文在分析黄河流域水资源开发利用现状与建设高效节水农业紧迫性的基础上,对黄河流域建设节水高效农业的潜力进行了评价,并根据黄河流域上、中、下游水资源特点和农业生产现状对其节水高效农业的建设途径进行了探讨。建设高效节水的现代灌溉农业和现代旱地农业是黄河流域农业用水战略的必然选择。研究结果和结论对该区域维持21世纪农业可持续发展具有重要意义。 相似文献