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1.
建三江农垦分局湿地植物群落分类和排序   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
采用双指示种分析(Two Way Indicators Species Analysis,TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(Detrended Correspondence Analysis,DCA)方法,对位于三江平原的建三江农垦分局内的湿地植物群落的数据进行群落数量分类和排序。调查的86个样地中共发现49科133属226个物种;TWINSPAN将样地划分为8种群丛,将优势物种划分为8组,分类结果可以在DCA排序图上很好地反映出来,且优势物种的分布格局很大程度上决定了群丛的分布格局;DCA的前两个排序轴提供了23.5%的信息量,其中第一排序轴提供了14.5%的信息量,主要反映出样地水分条件的变化;样地的排序结果反映了植物群落类型与环境因子之间的关系。  相似文献   

2.
北京市杨镇湿地植物群落多样性及优势种重要值的研究   总被引:13,自引:6,他引:13  
蒋政权  洪剑明  胡东 《湿地科学》2004,2(3):213-219
通过研究杨镇湿地的植被分布、植物群落、种类及地上部分的生物量,对湿地建群种及部分优势种在整个湿地植被的重要值和湿地群落多样性进行了分析。结果表明杨镇湿地区的植物种类有55科、158属、246种(或变种);湿地的植被可分为34个群落,包括25个沼生群落和9个水生群落;湿地优势种重要值的季节性变化明显。湿地的植物多样性资源丰富,是个潜在的物种基因库。如国家三级渐危植物鹿藿(Glycine soja野大豆),稀见的芡实(Euryale ferox鸡头米)等。由于近来北京地区持续干旱等原因使湿地面积呈减少的趋势,导致旱生植物葎草(Humulus scandens)等大量入侵,正在迅速改变着湿地的原始景观状况。  相似文献   

3.
山东湿地植被类型和演替规律的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
山东湿地共分布有湿地高等维管植物70科277种、苔藓植物12科24种,在植物种类组成上以莎草科和禾本科植物等最为丰富。植被类型有灌丛、灌草丛、草甸、盐生、沙生、沼生和水生植被等7种。湿地植被的分布既受地理位置、气候、海拔等影响,又受制于水分、土壤和土壤含盐量等因素。湿地演替是植物群落的演替过程,即随着湿地的发育,特别是土壤水分和营养的变化,导致植物种类和群落发生改变的过程。湿地植物群落演替是气候、水文以及地貌、土壤等自然要素综合作用的结果,客观反映了湿地的形成、发育与演替过程。  相似文献   

4.
毛乌素沙地丘间低地植物群落分类与排序   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究植物群落分布格局与环境因子间的相互关系,在群落样方调查的基础上,对毛乌素沙地丘间低地植被复合体的主要植物群落进行TWINSPAN分类和PCA排序,对土壤环境因子进行DCCA排序。结果表明:调查区内53个物种分属21科46属,其中菊科(Compositae,11种)、禾本科(Gramineae,7种)、莎草科(Cyperaceae,7种)、豆科(Leguminosae,5种)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae,4种)等科所含物种数较多,分别占20.8%、13.2%、13.2%、9.4%、7.5%,生活型以多年生草本为主,水分生态类型以中生植物为主。应用TWINSPAN将67个样方划分为17个组,依据《中国植被》的分类原则和系统确定为21个群丛。对PCA排序的第一轴起主要作用的是以北沙柳(Salix psammophila)、假苇拂子茅(Calamagrostis pseudophragmites)和碱茅(Puccinelia distans)为建群种的群落,对第二轴起主要作用的是以寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)为建群种的群落。植物群落分布DCCA排序第一轴主要与地下水位、HCO3-含量负相关,与土壤粗砂粒正相关;第二轴主要与土壤Ca2+、K+和Na+含量正相关,与土壤容重负相关;其中地下水位和土壤Ca2+、K+和Na+含量是环境因子中影响丘间低地植物群落特征和分布的主要因子。  相似文献   

5.
The present study provides an analysis of soil, vegetation types as well as structure and species distribution in 19 sites in El-Qaa plain along the Gulf of Suez (south Sinai, Egypt), and focuses on the environmental factors that control the species distribution. A total of 203 species belonging to 39 families of the vascular plants are recorded. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae are the largest families. Grasses constitute only 9% of the recorded species, while the woody perennials (shrubs and sub-shrubs) are highly dominated (46%). Therophytes and chamaephytes are the most frequent, denoting a typical desert life-form spectrum. Floristic composition in the different geomorphologic landscape units showed differences in species richness. The highest mean species richness of 19.7±1.7 is recorded in the wadi channels. The lowest species richness values are recorded in the coastal shore and playas (6.0±1.4) and in the alluvial fans (mean of 8.4±1.6 species). Chorological analysis revealed that 46% of the studied species are uniregional, being native to the Saharo-Arabian region. On the other hand, about 50% of the recorded species are biregional and pluriregional, extending their distribution all over the Saharo-Arabian, Sudano-Zambezian, Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean regions. Classification of the vegetation is analysed using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) techniques resulted in the recognition of five vegetation groups, each of definite vegetation and soil characters, and could be linked to a specific geomorphologic unit. Capparis spinosa var. spinosa occupied the terraces, Cornulaca monacantha, Convolvulus lanatus and Deverra tortuosa inhabited the alluvial plains, Launaea nudicaulis and Artemisia judaica characterized the wadi channels, Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana and Leptadenia pyrotechnica characterized the alluvial fans and Tamarix nilotica, Zygophyllum album and Nitraria retusa on the playas and the coastal shore. Ordination techniques as detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) are used to examine the relationship between the vegetation and studied soil parameters. Nine soil variables are included: electrical conductivity, pH, calcium carbonate, gypsum, organic matter, gravel, fine soil fractions and soil saturation percentage. Analysis with DCA gave results similar to CCA, suggesting that there is a relatively high correspondence between vegetation and soil factors. DCA axis 1 showed significant positive correlation with CaCO3, pH, soil saturation and organic matter, and interpreted as a calcium carbonate—soil saturation gradient. DCA axis 2 showed significant correlation with pH, gypsum and electric conductivity, and interpreted as an electric conductivity—gypsum gradient. Application of CCA indicated that soil surface sediment, CaCO3, soil saturation, pH and organic matter are the main operating edaphic gradients in the area. These gradients are related closely to the first three canonical axes, and accounted for 67% of the species–environment relationship among the sites.  相似文献   

6.
历山山地草甸的生态关系   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
王琳  张金屯  欧阳华 《山地学报》2004,22(6):669-674
以山西历山的舜王坪草甸为研究地,运用TWINSPAN和DCA相结合的数量生态方法对9个群落进行划分,得到一个明显的随放牧强度变化的群落序列,即从群落Ⅲ、Ⅳ到群落Ⅴ、Ⅵ再到群落Ⅷ,分别为过牧阶段、中牧阶段和轻牧阶段。可见,利用TWINSPAN和DCA相结合可对不同放牧强度的群落进行划分和排序。从草甸的生态关系研究得出历山山地草甸退化的主要原因是人为干扰。运用DCCA排序法,综合样方和土壤环境因子信息,定量综合研究了放牧草甸与周围土壤环境的生态关系。DCCA第一轴也表现为放牧梯度,在过牧阶段的群落中,有机质和N的含量较高,土壤的退化滞后于植被资源的退化;而在轻牧阶段的群落中,营养元素含量较高。  相似文献   

7.
荒漠河岸植被的受损过程与受损机理分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
以塔里木河多年平均地下水位数据为依据,将地下水位划分为6个环境梯度,各梯度上6次重复采集植被样地数据。从物种多样性、植被盖度与群落类型等几方面分析了植被的受损过程,以及导致此过程的受损机理。结果表明:(1) 草本植物丰富度受损发生在地下水埋深大于4 m,而木本植物丰富度受损发生在地下水埋深大于8 m。(2) 植被盖度减少始于草本植物盖度受损,与群落多样性受损的临界地下水位相同,发生在地下水埋深大于4 m;在地下水埋深大于6 m之后,植被盖度不断减少则是由木本植物盖度的减少所引起。(3) 群落类型受损体现在芦苇群落和胡杨林群落的结构与类型变化上,芦苇群落的衰退演变出现了优势种的更替,而胡杨林群落中优势种的优势地位没有变化。(4) 此受损过程是由荒漠河岸生态系统脆弱的生态基质和外界干扰共同作用的结果,起因于人口的增加、需求的增长。植被退化是人类干扰作用于植被赖以生存的环境主导因子所致。在生态受损过程中,植物功能型差异与所承受的干扰强度差异对植被退化的程度有一定影响。  相似文献   

8.
山西云顶山亚高山草甸群落生态分析   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
应用双向指示种分析法 (TWINSPAN )和除趋势对应分析 (DCA )等数量分析方法,对山西云顶山亚高山草甸生态关系进行了研究,将该草甸划分为5个群落类型,分别位于不同的海拔高度。分类结果很好地反映了植物群落类型及优势种的分布与环境因子之间的关系,并在DCA二维排序图上得到了较好的验证。DCA排序轴反映了海拔高度、放牧强度和群落土壤湿度的梯度变化,表明海拔高度和水热条件是影响植物群落变化的主要环境因子,物种多样性在群落类型分化中有重要作用,同时放牧对亚高山草甸演替过程的干扰明显。  相似文献   

9.
中国湿地植被及其保护对策   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
严承高  张明祥 《湿地科学》2005,3(3):210-215
我国湿地植物资源十分丰富,野生高等植物有225科815属2276种,具有植物种类丰富、区系成分复杂和广布种多的特点。湿地植被划分为7个植被型组,16个植被型,180个群系。湿地植被的分布受自然条件的影响和自然分异规律的控制,在东北地区、青藏高原区等不同地区具有明显的变化。湿地植物与植被正面临着来自人类的巨大威胁,主要威胁因子有围垦、滥采乱挖、环境污染、肆意侵占和盲目开发等,导致湿地植物与植被持续减少、生态功能退化乃至丧失,已难以满足保障湿地区生态安全的需求。根据面临的威胁和问题,应对特殊的、稀有的或作为水禽栖息地的湿地植被以及红树林加强保护,坚持保护和合理利用相结合的原则。  相似文献   

10.
对洪河湿地主要植被类型物种多样性特征、土壤性质特征及二者之间的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明:按沼泽—沼泽化草甸—湿草甸—灌丛草甸—岛状林的序列,物种丰富度呈逐渐增加的变化格局,物种多样性、均匀度呈先下降后上升的格局,优势度呈先上升后下降的格局;而土壤性质特征则呈不规则变化格局。植物物种多样性与土壤性质之间只有均匀度与速效氮之间存在着极显著正相关,其他均无显著相关。这说明在洪河湿地,土壤性质不是决定上述序列的植被类型的物种多样性的主要因素,而土壤速效氮含量是影响物种均匀度的关键因素,同时,对其他物种多样性特征也有一定影响。  相似文献   

11.
在野外样方调查的基础上,采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对五台山冰缘地貌植被进行了数量分类和排序研究,将五台山冰缘地貌植被分为13个群丛,13个群丛是不同冰缘地貌生态景观的重要组成要素,各群丛的群落学特征与冰缘地貌生境有密切的生态关系。DCA样方排序结果和种排序结果表明,五台山冰缘地貌植物群落分布格局是土壤、水分、热量等综合环境因子决定的。而不同冰缘地貌上植物群丛优势种的分布格局在很大程度上决定着植物群丛类型的分布格局,反映出植物群落类型和物种分布随冰缘地貌类型及环境梯度变化的趋势。  相似文献   

12.
甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠湿地植物群落物种多样性特征研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
 基于375个样方和150条样线的调查,对甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:①区内共记录植物26种,分属16科24属,芦苇(Phragmites australis)、多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)和胡杨(Populus euphratica)为绝对优势种,苏枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)、疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)和胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata)为主要伴生种,其平均重要值依次为0.4728、0.4563、0.4342、0.2908、0.2594和0.2455。植物群落分多枝柽柳群落、胡杨群落、胀果甘草群落、疏叶骆驼刺群落、多枝柽柳沙包群落、苏枸杞群落、芦苇沼泽群落和芦苇群落8个类型。②植物群落物种多样性指数偏低(0.784~1.379),多枝柽柳群落、胡杨群落和芦苇群落物种多样性指数最大(1.379、1.266和1.194),群落之间差异显著(P<0.05);疏叶骆驼刺群落和苏枸杞群落次之(1.154、1.077),胀果甘草群落、芦苇沼泽和多枝柽柳沙包群落最低(0.919、0.881、0.784),各群落之间不存在显著差异。③灌(乔)木层是敦煌西湖植被主要层次,灌(乔)木层物种多样性指数(0.549~1.077)大于草本层(0.052~1.038)。④物种多样性指标H′、D、J和Ma随海拔梯度增加基本均显下降趋势,而指数C变化趋势则相反,表现为上升,均匀度指数变化幅度不显著。⑤物种多样性指标H′、D、J和Ma随经纬度升高变化趋势基本一致,均表现为先下降,后上升,再下降,而优势度指数C变化趋势则相反。  相似文献   

13.
Based on vegetation survey data and environmental data of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, we conducted a quantitative ecological analysis of the vegetation community composition and the relationship between species and the environment in the study area. The results showed that 44 sampling sites and 68 plant species in the study area can be classified into seven subtypes: Artemisia minor + Stipa purpurea; Artemisia demissa + Stipa purpurea + Artemisia wellbyi; Kobresia pygmaea; Trikeraia hookeri; Sophora moorcroftiana + Cotoneaster multiflorus + Pennisetum centrasiaticum; Artemisia frigida; Potentilla fruticosa + Orinus thoroldii. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated that both longitude and altitude play important roles in site and species distribution patterns. In addition, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, changes in temperature and precipitation caused by longitude are the main factors controlling the formation and transition of vegetation community types. Moreover, natural vegetation could be divided into three types: desert steppe community (source area), alpine steppe community (middle reaches region), and shrub community (confluence of Yarlung Zangbo River and Nyangqu River).  相似文献   

14.
《自然地理学》2013,34(2):137-154
Floristic composition and environmental factors vary widely among plant communities in the alpine belt. Thus far no study has attempted to measure all relevant site conditions in a larger number of alpine communities. Here we show (1) which environmental factors were highly correlated with the floristic composition of the 14 plant communities investigated in the Swiss Alps and (2) which plant communities have similar environmental affinities. In every plant community investigated, the main factors potentially having an impact on plant life were measured and the floristic composition was defined. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to determine linkage between plant communities and complex environmental gradients. The first axis of the NMDS corresponds to a climate gradient (temperature/wind speed), and the second axis corresponds to a soil gradient (soil suction/pH/Ca content). With the exception of the Nardus grassland and Carex curvula turf, plant communities belonging to the same phytosociological class are exposed to very similar combinations of environmental factors. Our study shows that the variation between phytosociological classes is much larger than within classes. Still, the variation of environmental factors within individual classes leads to a further differentiation of the floristic composition. Thus, our study reinforces the validity of the phytosociological classification.  相似文献   

15.
This paper examines the use of fossil larval trichopteran communities to investigate and describe the flow environment of a paleochannel network in the middle reaches of the River Trent floodplain (UK). Previous research utilising fossil insect communities (principally O. Coleoptera, O. Chironomidae) has focussed upon climate reconstruction. However, larval trichopteran communities (O. Trichoptera) also offer an aquatic signal, giving information regarding channel habitat structure and flow environments. The taxonomic diversity of each fossil community and the categorisation of each taxon into a known flow group, using the “LIFE” methodology, facilitates the reconstruction of the river flow conditions at each site based upon known faunal associations with mean flow velocity. A total of 49 trichopteran taxa were recorded from 17 paleochannels (n = 170 samples). Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) identified a environmental gradient on the first DCA axis that reflected variability in flow, from rapid/fast flow to slow flowing and standing water habitats. In addition, two distinct faunal groups were identified on the second DCA axis characteristic of (i) small nutrient rich lentic habitats; and (ii) larger water bodies displaying features of both lentic, lotic and ephemeral habitats where marginal vegetation is abundant on a mineral substratum. The results demonstrate that larval Trichoptera can be used in paleolimnological research to reconstruct a flow signal and provide additional information regarding the aquatic habitat structure. Their wider use in describing the aquatic environment, in association with other proxies (e.g., Chironomidae and Coleoptera), may provide a more holistic understanding of floodplain paleoenvironment succession.  相似文献   

16.
山西天龙山植被及植物资源   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
采用TWINSPAN对天龙山主要植被进行了分类 ,并用DCA方法分析了植物群落间的生态关系 ,描述了九个主要植物群落类型的特征 ,最后介绍了蕴藏于植被中的天然植物资源的类型及其经济用途 ,提出了植物资源开发利用的对策。  相似文献   

17.
北固山湿地植物群落特征及其物种多样性研究   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15  
北固山湿地位于镇江市东北,由长江携带泥沙长期沉积形成,植被属原生裸地演替,植物种类丰富。但近年由于污染排放及渔民围网捕鱼,植被受到破坏,生态功能被削弱。采用样方法调查了镇江北固山湿地植物群落的组成,种类和外貌,并分析了其物种的多样性差异,从而为湿地的生态修复提供理论和技术依据。试验结果表明:群落物种组成较为丰富,有15科28属33种,但仅限于草本植物,生活型以地面芽植物和一年生植物占优势,物种出现频度上以D、C两个级别为主,表明群落内物种的分布较为均匀。从季相动态上看,季相明显,群落的优势种2~4月前是虉草(Phalarisarundinacea)单优种群,4~6月是虉草-芦苇(Phargnitescommunis)共优种群,6~11月是芦苇-酸模叶蓼(Polygonumlapathifolium)共优种群。随着基底高程的变化,植物呈现明显的平行于堤岸的带状分布,并形成区别明显的三个区域。其中,物种的丰度、多样性指数、群落的均匀度以及生物量均随基底高程的增加而增加,而生态优势度却随基底高程的增加减小。物种多样性指数受立地环境和人为因素的共同影响。其中,一定程度的人为干扰虽降低物种丰度,但由于其对优势种芦苇破坏较为严重,降低了群落的生态优势度而相应提高了群落的均匀度,最终对物种多样性指数有增加效应。在以上研究的基础上,提出了禁止污染排放及围网捕鱼等措施,并在裸露或物种稀少区域人工栽培土著物种以增加湿地生态系统物种的多样性和稳定性。  相似文献   

18.
程占红  赵蒙 《干旱区地理》2012,35(4):578-586
 物种多样性是衡量景区生态环境质量的重要指标之一。通过计算物种的多样性指数、科属、区系、生活型和生态型特征,利用除趋势对应分析方法对五台山旅游干扰下植物多样性的格局进行了研究,结果表明:在不同地理因子和物种多样性的作用下,各类植被景观区表现出一定的格局规律。在排序图上,以灌木层和草本层植物为主的Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区和Ⅶ区位于左侧,以乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物为主的Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅵ区和Ⅴ区位于中间,仅有乔木层的Ⅸ区位于右侧。坡位、海拔和旅游影响系数与DCA第一轴和第二轴的相关性均较大,说明这3个因子对植物多样性的格局有重要影响。研究结果有益于五台山景区的生态管理。  相似文献   

19.
研究呼伦贝尔沙地植物群落与土壤特征相互关系有助于促进中国北方的生态恢复与重建工作。分析了呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带58个样地174个样方的植物和土壤的调查数据,调查到94种植物,分属于26科64属,其中菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、豆科(Leguminosae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae)为前四大科,占总物种数55.33%。采用Ward系统分类法,将所调查植被分为4类。寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落(Carex duriuscula-Potentilla bifurca) Tsallis多样性最高,冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落(Agropyron cristatum-Potentilla acaulis-Cleistogenes squarrosa) Tsallis多样性最低。不同植物群落间土壤物理特性有显著差异,化学特征差异不显著。随着土层深度的增加,各群落土壤全氮、全磷、有机质含量逐渐降低,表聚现象明显,脚薹草-贝加尔针茅群落(Carex pediformis-Stipa baicalensis)和冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落养分层次特征显著,羊草群落(Leymus chinensis)和寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落养分层次特征不明显。CCA排序结果表明影响植被群落物种分布的土壤因子有全氮、全磷、有机质、pH和土壤水分,其中深层土壤全氮、全磷、有机质(20~40 cm土层)的作用最显著。呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带植物群落分布存在较显著差异,呈现出斑块状分布规律,而土壤养分对植被群落格局具有重要影响。  相似文献   

20.
玉龙雪山植物物种多样性和群落结构沿海拔梯度的分布格局   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
生物多样性沿海拔梯度的变化是多样性环境梯度格局研究中的一个热点问题。在对滇西北玉龙雪山2 900 m~4 200 m间沿海拔梯度进行的群落调查基础上,对植物物种多样性和群落结构的垂直分异格局进行了分析。结果表明:1)在16个样地中共记录植物物种261种,分属78科,158属,其中木本植物36种,灌木植物71种,草本154种。2)沿海拔梯度,森林群落的最大树高、最大胸径、平均树高和平均胸径等群落结构指标均呈单峰分布格局。3)随着海拔的升高。木本和草本的物种丰富度,先增加后下降;而灌木层的物种丰富度随着海拔的上升呈明显下降格局。4)木本层和灌木层的β多样性(Cody指数)随海拔升高,总体呈减小趋势,而草本层β多样性显示出单峰分布的垂直格局。  相似文献   

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