共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
中国气温变化对全球变暖停滞的响应 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
1998-2012年出现的全球变暖停滞（global warming hiatus）现象,近年来受到各界的广泛关注。基于中国622个气象站的气温数据,研究了全国及三大自然区气温变化对全球变暖停滞的响应。结果表明：① 1998-2012年间,中国气温变化率为-0.221 ℃/10 a,较1960-1998年增温率下降0.427 ℃/10 a,存在同全球变暖停滞类似的增温减缓现象,且减缓程度更明显,其中冬季对中国增温减缓的贡献最大,贡献率为74.13%,夏季最小;② 中国气温变化对全球变暖停滞的响应存在显著的区域差异,从不同自然区看,1998-2012年东部季风区和西北干旱区降温显著,其中东部季风区为中国最强降温区,为全国增温减缓贡献了53.79%,并且具有显著的季节依赖性,减缓期冬季气温下降了0.896 ℃/10 a,而夏季上升了0.134 ℃/10 a。青藏高寒区1998-2012年增温率达0.204 ℃/10 a,对全球变暖停滞的响应并不显著;③ 中国增温减缓可能受太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）负相位、太阳黑子数与太阳总辐照减小等因素的影响;④ 1998-2012年中国虽出现增温减缓现象,但2012年之后气温快速升高,且从周期变化看,未来几年可能持续升温。 相似文献
2.
1960—2019年西北地区气候变化中的Hiatus现象及特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1998—2012年全球地表平均温度发生变暖停滞（Hiatus）,然而Hiatus现象是否在全球各地均存在尚有争议,其在西北地区的表现及特征缺乏深入研究。本文基于1960—2019年气温地面观测数据,利用累积距平曲线、Mann-Kendall突变检验、滑动t检验及Yamamoto检验进行气候突变分析,结合线性倾向估计进行气候变化趋势分析,对西北地区气候变化中的Hiatus现象及其特征进行了探讨。结果表明：① 西北地区年均气温在1986年、1996年和2012年分别突变,1996年突变升温后在1998—2012年间保持高位震荡;② 1998—2012年间西北地区年均温变化率为-0.20 ℃/10a,呈现明显Hiatus现象,分季节看,冬季降温幅度最大,夏季仍保持升温,春季均温比秋、冬季提前1年开始和结束停滞期,从空间上看,西北地区东南部降温最显著,青藏高原不存在Hiatus;③ 2012年Hiatus结束后西北地区气温普遍快速升高,季节上以冬季升温最快,空间上以南疆升温最快。综合来看,1998—2012年的Hiatus现象在除青藏高原外的西北地区表现明显,停滞后的快速升温值得高度关注。 相似文献
3.
中国西北地区季节间干湿变化的时空分布——基于PDSI数据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI) 全球数据库, 提取覆盖中国西北地区的56 个PDSI 栅格点数据, 对1953-2003 年间各个季节均值和年均值进行旋转经验正交函数(REOF) 分析。REOF 空间分区结果发现西北地区各个季节均值和年均值表现出较为一致的主要空间异常型, 依据 PDSI 年均值数据可以将中国西北地区划分为5 个空间型: 北疆型、南疆型、高原北部型、蒙 古西部型以及西北东部型。其中北疆型、南疆型主要位于西北地区西部, 高原北部型、蒙古西部型位于西北中部, 西北东部型位于西北东部。各个空间型特征点的PDSI 序列及二项式 拟合对比发现西北东部、西部存在完全相反的干湿变化: 西北西部主要受西风带影响, 自20 世纪80 年代开始有逐渐变湿的趋势; 西北东部主要受亚洲季风的影响, 有逐渐变干的倾向, 特别是夏秋季, 西北地区东南部变干的趋势更加明显。西北地区受西风带、亚洲季风以及青藏高原的影响明显, 在全球变暖的情景下, 不同区域的干湿状况的响应存在较大的差异。 相似文献
4.
根据 1960―2013 年华南沿海 7 个海洋站的实测海表温度（SST）及全球平均表面温度、太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）、ENSO、南海高压、华南沿海近海面风速等资料,采用线性回归、Yamamoto 突变检验、小波分析、相关分析等方法,研究了近 54 a 华南沿海 SST 时空变化及其影响因子,结果表明：1）近 54 a 华南沿海的年平均 SST呈准同步变化和显著增暖趋势,其气候倾向率为 0.08~0.17℃/10 a,平均为 0.12℃/10 a,以冬季增暖最为显著;2）SST 变化在 1997/1998 年出现突变现象;3）SST 变化有多时空尺度的变化特征,其中最显著的变化周期是 2~4 a的年际变化;4）SST 变化深受 ENSO 事件的影响,约滞后于 MEI 指数 2~4 个月;5）影响 SST 变化趋势的主要因子有全球气候变暖、PDO、南海高压、华南沿海近海面层风速等。 相似文献
5.
基于中国绿洲喜温作物分布区67个地面气象站1960—2016年逐日平均气温数据,运用线性趋势法、反距离加权（IDW）、Morlet小波分析法、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析了中国绿洲喜温作物气候生长期生长初、终日及生长期的时空变化对全球变暖停滞（globe warming hiatus）的响应。结果表明：1998—2012年中国绿洲喜温作物气候生长期生长初、终日及生长期变化倾向率分别为：-2.15 d·（10 a）–1、2.76 d·（10 a）–1、4.91 d·（10 a）–1,与1960—2016年和1960—1998年相比呈现出初日提前、终日推迟、生长期延长的态势,没有出现对全球变暖停滞的响应;空间变化方面,仅有超过22%的站点有对全球变暖停滞的响应,整体响应不显著;但各绿洲对全球变暖停滞的响应却不尽相同,柴达木绿洲喜温作物气候生长期对全球变暖停滞的响应最为显著,其余绿洲则反之,也反映了青藏高原是气候变化的驱动器与放大镜。突变分析显示,研究区喜温作物生长初日、终日及生长期分别在2008年、2001年、2006年发生突变,突变年份多集中于变暖停滞期,之后的变化趋势显示对全球变暖停滞没有响应。Morlet小波分析表明其周期存在2.4~3.8 a的优势短周期,与2~4 a大气环流和厄尔尼诺事件2~7 a的周期相吻合,表明喜温作物气候生长期主要受大气环流与厄尔尼诺活动的影响。 相似文献
6.
利用遥感数据和气象观测资料探索气候因子对区域植被变化的驱动作用具有重要意义。以1980-2012年气象数据和2000-2012年MODIS-NDVI数据为数据源,借助线性回归和相关分析分别分析了青海和西藏两个地区21世纪以来气候变化对青藏高寒草地的影响机制。结果表明：（1）1980-2012年,青海和西藏地区均呈暖湿化的发展趋势。但21世纪以来,西藏地区降水呈不显著的减少趋势;整个青藏高原中部和西部地区增温趋势明显（>0.05 ℃·a-1）。（2）在年际尺度（2000- 2012年）上,青海地区NDVI呈显著增加的趋势,增长率为0.003·a-1（P<0.05）;西藏地区NDVI无变化趋势,区域尺度统计中植被退化与改善相互抵消。在空间上,青藏高原东北部地区NDVI呈良性趋势,部分区域增长斜率超过0.01·a-1。青藏高原南部地区NDVI呈变差趋势,变化斜率为0.008·a-1。（3）区域上的相关分析显示,在青海地区,降水量的增加和温度的升高共同促进了该区域植被的良性发展趋势;在西藏地区,降水量的减少和温度的升高可能是南部地区植被变差的重要原因。 相似文献
7.
SHEN Beibei SONG Shuaifeng ZHANG Lijuan WANG Ziqing REN Chong LI Yongsheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(1):79-100
The study of temperature change in major countries of the world since the 1980 s is a key scientific issue given that such data give insights into the spatial differences of global temperature change and can assist in combating climate change. Based on the reanalysis of seven widely accepted datasets, which include trends in climate change and spatial interpolation of the land air temperature data, the changes in the temperature of major countries from 1981 to 2019 and the spatial-temporal characteristics of global temperature change have been assessed. The results revealed that the global land air temperature from the 1980 s to 2019 varied at a rate of 0.320℃/10 a, and exhibited a significantly increasing trend, with a cumulative increase of 0.835℃. The mean annual land air temperature in the northern and southern hemispheres varied at rates of 0.362℃/10 a and 0.147℃/10 a, respectively, displaying significantly increasing trends with cumulative increases of 0.828℃ and 0.874℃, respectively. Across the globe, the rates of change of the mean annual temperature were higher at high latitudes than at middle and low latitudes, with the highest rates of change occurring in regions at latitudes of 80°–90°N, followed by regions from 70°–80°N, then from 60°–70°N. The global land surface air temperature displayed an increasing trend, with more than 80% of the land surface showing a significant increase. Greenland, Ukraine, and Russia had the highest rates of increase in the mean annual temperature;in particular, Greenland experienced a rate of 0.654℃/10 a. The regions with the lowest rates of increase of mean annual temperature were mainly in New Zealand and the equatorial regions of South America, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa, where the rates were <0.15℃/10 a. Overall, 136 countries(93%), out of the 146 countries surveyed, exhibited a significant warming, while 10 countries(6.849%) exhibited no significant change in temperature, of which 3 exhibited a downward trend. Since the 1980 s, there have been 4, 34 and 68 countries with levels of global warming above 2.0℃, 1.5℃ and 1.0℃, respectively, accounting statistically for 2.740%, 23.288% and 46.575% of the countries examined. This paper takes the view that there was no global warming hiatus over the period 1998–2019. 相似文献
8.
近50a青藏高原东部夏半年强降水事件的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于青藏高原东部47个站点1963-2012年的5~9月逐日降水资料,分析了近50 a该区夏半年强降水的时空分布特征和相对强度。结果表明:青藏高原东部夏半年强降水事件在7月出现的频次最多,以持续1 d的单站暴雨为主;强降水量和频次在近50 a呈弱增长趋势,其存在准12 a的年代际震荡,且在1978年之后,强降水量同时存在大致准3 a的演变周期,在各自然分带强降水量和频次的变化趋势存在差异;夏半年强降水量和频次呈现出自东南向西北阶梯性递减的分布特征;青藏高原东部夏半年强降水的相对强度与强降水量呈反向特征,其中以柴达木地区相对强度为最大,藏东川西区为最少;各自然分带的强降水量和频次与夏半年降水量有很好的相关关系,而强降水的相对强度与夏半年降水量表现出不同的正负相关性。 相似文献
9.
10.
青藏高原气温空间分布规律及其生态意义 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
作为世界第三极的青藏高原,其巨大的块体产生了显著的夏季增温作用,对亚洲乃至全球气候都具有重大影响。但由于高原自然条件严酷,山区气象观测台站很少,气象资料极度匮乏;如果依靠台站数据进行空间插值获得高原气温的空间分布数据,会由于插值点过少而产生较大误差并可能掩盖一些空间信息,因而难以全面反映高原气温的空间分布规律。利用基于MODIS地表温度数据估算的青藏高原气温数据,详细分析各月气温及重要等温线的空间分布格局,并结合林线和雪线数据,初步探讨了高原气温空间分布格局对高原地理生态格局的重要影响。研究表明：① 等温线的海拔高度自高原东北部、东部边缘向内部逐渐升高,等温线在高原内部比东部边缘高500~2000 m,表明相同海拔高度上气温自边缘向高原内部逐渐升高。② 高原西北部的羌塘高原、可可西里为高原的寒冷区,全年有7个月的气温低于0 ℃,3~4个月的气温低于-10 ℃;青藏高原南部（喜马拉雅山北坡—冈底斯山南坡）和中部（冈底斯山北坡—唐古拉山南坡）是高原的温暖区,全年有5个月的气温能达到5~10 ℃,有3个月的气温能超过10 ℃,尤其是拉萨—林芝—左贡一带在3500~4000 m以下的地区最冷月均温也能高于0 ℃。③ 北半球最高雪线和林线分别分布于高原的西南部和东南部,表明高原气温空间分布特征对本地的地理生态格局具有重要影响。 相似文献
11.
中国近50年来日最低气温变化特征研究 总被引：71，自引：13，他引：58
利用1951~2000年全国241个测站1、4、7、10月(分别代表冬、春、夏、秋四季)及年平均的日最低气温资料,将中国划分为8个区域,并对不同区域在不同季节的日最低气温的变化特征进行了研究。结果发现:在全球气候变暖的背景下,日最低气温的增温是极为显著的,尤其是20?世纪80?年代中期之后,北方地区的增温比南方地区和青藏高原更加明显。20世纪70年代中期前后,日最低气温发生了近50年来的第一次变暖突变,此次变暖的趋势并不明显,而是以波动的形式表现出来,80年代中期后,出现了趋势极为明显的第二次变暖突变。研究不同季节的资料还发现,在南方及青藏高原地区夏季日最低气温有下降的趋势。 相似文献
12.
The grazing exclusion program used by the Tibetan government to protect the ecological environment has changed the vegetation and impacted the surface heat balance in North Tibet. However, little information is available to describe the in?uences of the current grazing exclusion program on local surface heat balance. This study uses the records of fenced grassland patch locations to identify the impact of grazing exclusion on surface heat balance in North Tibet. The records of fenced grassland patch locations, including the longitude, latitude, and elevation of the vertices of each fenced patch (polygon shapes), were provided by the agriculture and animal husbandry bureaus of the counties where the patches were located. ArcGIS 10.2 was used to create polygon shapes based on patch location records. Based on satellite data and the surface heat balance system determined by the model, values for changes in land surface temperature (LST), albedo and evapotranspiration (ET) induced by grazing exclusion were obtained. All of these can influence surface heat balance and alter the fluctuation of LST in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The LST trends for day and night showed an asymmetric diurnal variation, with a larger magnitude of warming in the day than cooling at night. The maximum decrease in absorbed shortwave of LST (-0.5 - -0.4 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, while the minimum decrease (-0.2 - -0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the eastern region. The decreased latent heat lead to the LST increased maximum (>1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, The eastern region increased at a rate of 0.2-0.5 ℃ per decade, while the minimum increase (0-0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the northwestern region. 相似文献
13.
中国西北近50 a来气温变化特征的进一步研究 总被引：42，自引：14，他引：28
利用国家气象信息中心最新整编的西北地区135站1960—2005年逐月资料,通过对该地区温度变化特征的分析,在前人研究成果的基础上,进一步揭示出了近50 a来西北地区气温变化的一些新特征: ①西北地区的年和各季节均表现为一致的增温趋势,但陕西南部在夏季出现降温的趋势。冬季和秋季,从塔里木盆地西侧到河套地区,在35°—40°N的带状区域内是增温趋势最强的区域。西北区域整体年平均气温的变化幅度达0.37℃/10a,冬季增温可达0.56℃/10a。无论是年或四季平均的增温率,西北地区都比全国平均的要高。②西北地区冬季和年的平均气温在20世纪80年代中期以后开始表现为明显上升趋势;但春季、夏季和秋季均到了20世纪90年代中期以后,才开始出现气温明显上升的趋势。③西北地区年气温异常首先表现为全区一致的变化型,然后依次为南北相反变化型和陕南气温变化与其他地区不同的独特性。且整体一致型变化近50 a来呈加强态势,而陕南与西北其他地区气温非同步变化的趋势在逐渐缩小。④西北地区近50 a来年气温可分为南疆-高原区、北疆区、西北东部区3个主要空间异常气候区。且从长期倾向来看,南疆-高原区和北疆区有明显的上升变化倾向,西北东部区则表现为波动式的上升趋势。 相似文献
14.
利用祁连山区及周边29 个气象观测站近41 年秋季云形状和气温观测资料, 分析了祁连山区秋季层状云出现频率的空间分布与时间变化特征, 探讨了秋季层状云出现频率与气候变暖的关系, 并选用同期NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料, 对祁连山区秋季层状云的环流特征和水汽输送进行了分析。结果表明:①祁连山区秋季层状云出现频率为8%～26%, 呈西少东多的空间分布。②近41 年来, 祁连山区秋季增温1.2℃, 气温变化的倾向率为0.29℃/10a, 80 年代中期以后发生了增温的突变。③祁连山区秋季层状云的出现频率呈明显的减少趋势, 近41 年来减少约11%, 倾向率为-2.7%/10a, 尤其在20 世纪80 年代中期以后与同期祁连山区显著增温相对应, 层状云出现频率减少更为明显, 层状云出现频率与气温呈明显的反相变化趋势。④在气候变暖的背景下, 祁连山区的层状云出现频率减少, 减少的幅度从西北向东南递增。当祁连山区秋季平均气温在升高1℃ 时, 祁连山区层状云出现频率减少2%～10%, 祁连山西段、中段减少2%～4%, 祁连山东段减少4%～10%。⑤祁连山区秋季层状云偏多与偏少年在欧亚500 hPa 环流场上存在明显的差异, 层状云偏多年, 极涡向亚洲北部伸展, 东亚大槽较偏弱, 乌拉尔山高压脊偏强, 脊前偏北气流引导极地冷空气沿偏西北路径向中国西北地区输送, 中亚地区到高原上不断有低值系统发展东移, 同时南支槽加强, 来自阿拉伯海、南海、东海的暖湿气流向内陆地区的输送明显加强, 与进入高原北部的冷空气交绥, 从而使祁连山区层状云出现频次增多;层状云偏少年, 中亚-中国西北地区暖性高压异常加强, 东亚大槽偏强, 冷空气活动路径偏东, 亚洲大陆至西太平洋冬季风特征明显, 偏北风加强, 不利于东南暖湿气流向西北内陆地区的输送, 冷暖气流在祁连山区交绥次数减少, 从而使祁连山区层状云出现频次减少。⑥印度洋沿孟加拉湾的向北的水汽输送, 副热带西太平洋的偏东气流在南海和中南半岛附近转为向北的水汽输送, 地中海、里海的西风带纬向水汽输送是3支影响祁连山区秋季层状云多寡的水汽输送通道, 进而对祁连山区秋季降水产生影响。 相似文献
15.
RCPs情景下未来青海高原气候变化趋势预估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用 CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5)耦合模式结果对 RCPs(Representative Concentration Pathways)情景下的青海高原气温、降水变化趋势及极端气候事件2011-2100年演变特征进行了预估。结果表明:在21世纪,青海高原年平均气温显著升高,RCP2.6、RCP4.5 和 RCP8.5排放情景下增温速率分别为0.06 ℃/10a、0.24 ℃/10a和0.61 ℃/10a。年降水量将明显增加,幅度1.4～7.0 mm/10a。青海高原21世纪与气温、降水有关的事件都有趋于极端化的趋势,极端冷指标下降,极端暖指标均明显上升。极端降水频次增加,强度加重,且变化幅度与排放强度成正比。 相似文献
16.
Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Under the background of temperature warming, the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming trend in frozen ground temperature, an increasing active layer thickness, and the melting of underground ice. Based on high-resolution ground temperature data observed from 1997 to 2012 on the northern TP, the trend of ground temperature at each observation site and its response to climate change were analyzed. The results showed that while the ground temperature at different soil depths showed a strong warming trend over the observation period, the warming in winter is more significant than that in summer. The warming rate of daily minimum ground temperature was greater than that of daily maximum ground temperature at the TTH and MS3608 sites. During the study period, thawing occurred earlier, whereas freezing happened later, resulting in shortened freezing season and a thinner frozen layer at the BJ site. And a zero-curtain effect develops when the soil begins to thaw or freeze in spring and autumn. From 1997 to 2012, the average summer air temperature and precipitation in summer and winter from six meteorological stations along the Qinghai-Tibet highway also demonstrated an increasing trend, with a more significant temperature increase in winter than in summer. The ground temperature showed an obvious response to air temperature warming, but the trend varied significantly with soil depths due to soil heterogeneity. 相似文献
17.
ZHANG Yongjun KANG Shichang QIN Dahe REN Jiawen ZHANG Yulan Bjorn GRIGHOLM Paul MAYEWSKI 《地理学报》2007,17(4):431-441
A 70-year history of precipitation δ18O record has been retrieved using an ice core drilled from a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier (33o34′37.8″ N, 91o10′35.3″ E, 5720 m a.s.l.) on Mt. Geladaindong (the source region of Yangtze River) during October and November, 2005. Based on the seasonality of δ18O records and the significant positive rela-tionships between monsoon/non-monsoon δ18O values and summer/spring air temperature from the nearby meteorological stations, the history of summer and spring air temperature have been reconstructed for the last 70 years. The results show that both summer and spring air temperature variations present similar trends during the last 70 years. Regression analysis indicates that the slope of the temperature-δ18O relationship is 1.3℃/‰ for non-monsoon δ18O values and spring air temperature, and 0.4℃/‰ for monsoon δ18O values and summer air temperature. Variation of air temperature recorded in the ice core is consistent with that in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), however, the warming trend in the Geladaindong region is more intense than that in the NH, reflecting a higher sensitivity to global warming in the high elevation regions. In addition, warming trend is greater in spring than in summer. 相似文献
18.
Juliane Wischnewski Ulrike Herzschuh Kathleen M. Rühland Achim Bräuning Steffen Mischke John P. Smol Lily Wang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,51(2):287-302
The Tibetan Plateau is a region that is highly sensitive to recent global warming, but the complexity and heterogeneity of its mountainous landscape can result in variable responses. In addition, the scarcity and brevity of regional instrumental and palaeoecological records still hamper our understanding of past and present patterns of environmental change. To investigate how the remote, high-alpine environments of the Nianbaoyeze Mountains, eastern Tibetan Plateau, are affected by climate change and human activity over the last ~600 years, we compared regional tree-ring studies with pollen and diatom remains archived in the dated sediments of Dongerwuka Lake (33.22°N, 101.12°E, 4,307 m a.s.l.). In agreement with previous studies from the eastern Tibetan Plateau, a strong coherence between our two juniper-based tree-ring chronologies from the Nianbaoyeze and the Anemaqin Mountains was observed, with pronounced cyclical variations in summer temperature reconstructions. A positive directional trend to warmer summer temperatures in the most recent decades, was, however, not observed in the tree-ring record. Likewise, our pollen and diatom spectra showed minimal change over the investigated time period. Although modest, the most notable change in the diatom relative abundances was a subtle decrease in the dominant planktonic Cyclotella ocellata and a concurrent increase in small, benthic fragilarioid taxa in the ~1820s, suggesting higher ecosystem variability. The pollen record subtly indicates three periods of increased cattle grazing activity (~1400–1480 AD, ~1630–1760 AD, after 1850 AD), but shows generally no significant vegetation changes during past ~600 years. The minimal changes observed in the tree-ring, diatom and pollen records are consistent with the presence of localised cooling centres that are evident in instrumental and tree-ring data within the southeastern and eastern Tibetan Plateau. Given the minor changes in regional temperature records, our complacent palaeoecological profiles suggest that climatically induced ecological thresholds have not yet been crossed in the Nianbaoyeze Mountains region. 相似文献
19.
基于GIS的祁连山区气温和降水的时空变化分析 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
基于ArcGIS平台Geostatistical Analyst中的Kriging插值方法,和Spatial Analyst中的Surface Analyst,分析了祁连山区18个气象站点1960\_2005年气温、降水的数据,并且空间化显示了各年代间的气温、降水变化。结果表明:①1960\_2005年祁连山区的气温呈显著的上升趋势,升幅基本在0.5 ℃/10a左右,20世纪90年代中期以后气温上升最为明显,变幅最大超过1℃。②祁连山区的气温变化和西北地区的气温变化有很好的同步性。冬季气温分布趋势与夏季相同,但冬季南北坡的温差明显小于夏季。各月的平均气温直减率差别大,冬季气温直减率较低,春季气温直减率较大。③分析了祁连山区降水的累积距平,祁连山的东、中、西三段的降水在80年代以前都是呈下降的趋势,在80年代以后表现为显著增加,并且中部表现最为明显。在祁连山的北坡、南坡和的降水总体趋势变化也是在80年代,在80年代以前呈下降趋势,而80年代后为上升趋势。④祁连山区的降水呈上升趋势,降水具有明显的区域性和季节性, 从东南向西北逐渐减少,冬季降水均在13 mm以下,而在夏季降水量最高可达247 mm。 相似文献
20.
Soil freeze-thaw process is closely related to surface energy budget,hydrological activity,and terrestrial ecosystems.In this study,two numerical experiments(including and excluding soil freeze-thaw process)were designed to examine the effect of soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes in frozen ground region in the Northern Hemisphere based on the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model version 1.0.5.Results show that in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil temperature in the shallow layer(0.0175?0.0451 m)decreases by 0.35℃in the TP(Tibetan Plateau),0.69℃in CES(Central and Eastern Siberia),and 0.6℃in NA(North America)during summer,and increases by 1.93℃in the TP,2.28℃in CES and 1.61℃in NA during winter,respectively.Meanwhile,in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil liquid water content increases in summer and decrease in winter.For surface heat flux components,the ground heat flux is most significantly affected by the freeze-thaw process in both summer and winter,followed by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in summer.In the TP area,the ground heat flux increases by 2.82 W/m2(28.5%)in summer and decreases by 3.63 W/m2(40%)in winter.Meanwhile,in CES,the ground heat flux increases by 1.89 W/m2(11.3%)in summer and decreases by 1.41 W/m2(18.6%)in winter.The heat fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau are more susceptible to the freeze-thaw process compared with the high-latitude frozen soil regions.Soil freeze-thaw process can induce significant warming in the Tibetan Plateau in winter.Also,this process induces significant cooling in high-latitude regions in summer.The frozen ground can prevent soil liquid water from infiltrating to deep soil layers at the beginning of thawing;however,as the frozen ground thaws continuously,the infiltration of the liquid water increases and the deep soil can store water like a sponge,accompanied by decreasing surface runoff.The influence of the soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes varies seasonally and spatially. 相似文献