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2005 年10-11 月中美联合考察队在各拉丹冬峰北部果曲冰川平坦的粒雪盆 (33o34'37.8"N, 91o10'35.3"E, 5720 m a.s.l.) 钻取了一支冰芯, 通过对该冰芯进行多参数定年, 恢复了青藏高原中部各拉丹冬地区近70 年来降水中δ18O 的变化历史。根据冰芯中季风期和非季风期δ18O 值与临近气象台站气温的正相关性, 重建了该地区70 年来的春季和夏季的气温变化。结果表明, 各拉丹冬冰芯中δ18O 记录的春季和夏季升温趋势非常明显; 根据回归分析, 冰芯中非季风期的δ18O 每增大(或减小) 1‰相当于春季气温升高(或降低) 1.3 oC; 季风 期的δ18O 每增大(或减小) 1‰相当于夏季气温升高(或降低) 0.4 oC; 各拉丹冬冰芯中δ18O 记录恢复的春季和夏季气温与北半球春季和夏季的气温变化具有一致的趋势, 但各拉丹冬地区的增温幅度比北半球要大, 同时春季的增温幅度也高于夏季。 相似文献
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A 70-year history of precipitation δ18O record has been retrieved using an ice core drilled from a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier (33o34′37.8″ N, 91o10′35.3″ E, 5720 m a.s.l.) on Mt. Geladaindong (the source region of Yangtze River) during October and November, 2005. Based on the seasonality of δ18O records and the significant positive relationships between monsoon/non-monsoon δ18O values and summer/spring air temperature from the nearby meteorological stations, the history of summer and spring air temperature have been reconstructed for the last 70 years. The results show that both summer and spring air temperature variations present similar trends during the last 70 years. Regression analysis indicates that the slope of the temperature-δ18O relationship is 1.3℃/‰ for non-monsoon δ18O values and spring air temperature, and 0.4℃/‰ for monsoon δ18O values and summer air temperature. Variation of air temperature recorded in the ice core is consistent with that in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), however, the warming trend in the Geladaindong region is more intense than that in the NH, reflecting a higher sensitivity to global warming in the high elevation regions. In addition, warming trend is greater in spring than in summer. 相似文献
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Isotopic composition of precipitation over Arid Northwestern China and its implications for the water vapor origin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to reveal the characteristics and climatic controls on the stable isotopic composition of precipitation over Arid Northwestern China, eight stations have been selected from Chinese Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (CHNIP). During the year 2005 and 2006, monthly precipitation samples have been collected and analyzed for the composition of δD and δ18O. The established local meteoric water line δD=7.42δ18O+1.38, based on the 95 obtained monthly composite samples, could be treated as isotopic input function across the region. The deviations of slope and intercept from the Global Meteoric Water Line indicated the specific regional meteorological conditions. The monthly δ18O values were characterized by a positive correlation with surface air temperature (δ18O (‰) =0.33 T (℃)–13.12). The amount effect visualized during summer period (δ18O (‰) = –0.04P (mm)–3.44) though not appeared at a whole yearly-scale. Spatial distributions of δ18O have properly portrayed the atmospheric circulation background in each month over Arid Northwestern China. The quantitative simulation of δ18O, which involved a Rayleigh fractionation and a kinetic fractionation, demonstrated that the latter one was the dominating function of condensation of raindrops. Furthermore, the raindrop suffered a re-evaporation during falling processes, and the precipitation vapor might have been mixed with a quantity of local recycled water vapor. Multiple linear regression equations and a δ18O–T relation have been gained by using meteorological parameters and δ18O data to evaluate physical controls on the long-term data. The established δ18O–T relation, which has been based on the present-day precipitation, could be considered as a first step of quantitatively reconstructing the historical environmental climate. 相似文献
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为探讨极端天气降水中稳定同位素的变化,应用2015年9号台风“灿鸿”影响期间中国东部沿海城市台北、温岭、海宁、南通降水中稳定同位素资料,分析降水中稳定同位素的时空变化。结果表明：台风“灿鸿”影响期间,台北降水的δ18O平均值为-4.40‰,为最高值;温岭降水δ18O的平均值最低,为-9.80‰;海宁与南通降水的δ18O平均值居于两者之间,分别为-8.83‰和-7.88‰。4地降水δ18O均呈现出2个阶段的“厂”型变化特征。“灿鸿”降水δ18O值在时空分布上冲刷效应明显,采样站点距离台风中心越近降水δ18O值越低d值越高。台风灿鸿影响期间整个降水过程以湿润的热带海洋气团为主,台北阶段1降水受台风外围云系影响,降水的冲刷程度较轻,δ18O值偏高;台北阶段2降水与温岭降水受单一水汽团冲刷效应影响,降水δ18O不断降低;海宁和南通与灿鸿中心的距离基本相似,且水汽源相同,降水δ18O值波动比较接近。 相似文献
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For researching the spatio-temporal variation of the stable isotopic composition of the riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), we had carried out a survey throughout the hydrologic year during which the δ13CDIC of the surface water and its physicochemical pa-rameter were examined along the Xijiang River Inner Estuarine waterway from September 2006 to June 2007. There was a striking seasonal variation on the average δ13CDIC, as the average δ13CDIC in summer (?13.91‰) or autumn (?13.09‰) was much less than those in spring (?11.71‰) or winter (?12.26‰). The riverine δ13CDIC was controlled by decomposed condition of the riverine organic matter linking the seasonal variation of the physicochemical parameter in the surface water according to the correlation analysis which indicated notable relations between δ13CDIC and water temperature (p = 0.000; r = ?0.569) or between δ13CDIC and oxide-reduction potential (p = 0.000; r = 0.646). The striking positive correlation between δ13CDIC and the sampling distance happened in the summer rainy season, while striking negative correlation happened in the spring dry season, indicating that river-sea interaction influenced water physicochemical parameters and controlled the riverine DIC property in the survey waterway. In view of the riverine δ13CDIC decreasing for the decomposition of the ter-restrial organic matter in the rainy season in summer and increasing for the briny invaded zone extending in the spring dry season along the waterway from the Makou gauging station to the Modaomen outlet, the δ13CDIC spatio-temporal variation was closely related to the geographical environment of the Xijiang drainage basin. 相似文献
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通过对云南玉龙雪山丽江冷杉年轮晚材纤维素氧同位素 (δ18O) 的分析,建立了1902-2004时段年分辨率的树轮δ18O序列。将所得序列与相邻的丽江市气象站记录的气候资料对比,分析了树轮δ18O对气候要素的响应。结果表明,丽江冷杉年轮晚材中的δ18O与其生长季气候因子密切相关。主要与季风期 (8-10月) 的降水和相对湿度、6-10月总云量、5-6月平均温度显著相关,尤其和总云量相关性最高 (r = -0.45,P = 0.01)。同时,树轮δ18O年际变化与南亚季风指数、东亚夏季风指数呈反相关关系,并与1-5月南方涛动指数负相关显著,在一定程度上反映了大尺度的大气环流影响。 相似文献
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在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采集了东南极米洛半岛不同地点近地面大气样品,在室内分析了样品中CH4浓度及其δ13C值,结果表明:该半岛近地面大气CH4平均浓度为(1.87±0.12)ppm,略高于全球大气甲烷平均浓度;白天10:00和夜间22:00大气CH4浓度的夏季变化呈现较大波动,与气温存在响应关系;其δ13C值变化范围为-39.31‰--37.56‰,平均值为(-38.26±0.52)‰。对米洛半岛及周边不同地点大气CH4浓度及其δ13C的分析结果表明:大气CH4浓度的空间变化范围为1.74-2.56ppm,δ13C值的变化范围为-39.31‰--31.25‰;CH4的δ13C值随其浓度的增加而增加。本文还讨论了影响米洛半岛大气CH4浓度及其δ13C值的因素。 相似文献
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以分析青海巴音河流域地表水与地下水转化关系为目标,2016年8月,沿巴音河采集了23组地表水样、13组地下水样和9组泉水样,室内分析得到了其对应的主要水化学离子和氘氧稳定同位素数据,运用统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图分析了流域水化学特征;以溶解性总固体（TDS）、氯离子（Cl-）和氧同位素（δ18O）作为示踪剂,定性分析了巴音河沿程地表水与地下水的转化关系;基于质量平衡法,运用δ18O定量计算了巴音河沿程地表水和地下水之间的转化量。研究结果表明：TDS、Cl-、δ18O可用于定性分析巴音河流域不同河段地表水与地下水之间的转化关系,定量评估其转换强度;巴音河流域地表水和地下水的水化学类型主要为HCO3·Cl-Ca·Mg,地下水水化学类型更为多样,地表水受控于岩石风化作用,地下水与泉水受到岩石风化与蒸发作用的影响;地表水与地下水水力联系密切,沿巴音河流向,二者相互转化频繁,上游河段,地下水主要接受地表水渗漏和沿途侧向径流补给,补给比例分别为65.33%、34.67%,至黑石山水库上游,地表水接受上游地下水和溢出泉水的补给,补给比例分别为49.54%、50.46%;中游河段,地下水接受地表水和北部山区侧向径流补给,补给比例分别为65%、35%;下游河段,地表水接受地下水和泉水补给,补给比例分别为53.12%、46.88%。研究结果有助于建立流域水循环模式、揭示水资源形成机制,可以为巴音河流域水资源可持续开发利用和生态环境保护提供理论和技术支持。 相似文献
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哈萨克斯坦是中亚干旱-半干旱地区最大的内陆国家,东部以阿尔泰山、天山与我国相隔,区内河流众多,是该国水资源的主要来源地,额尔齐斯河、伊犁河是中哈两国重要的跨境河流。通过对哈萨克斯坦东部不同区域河水和湖水的主要离子、氢、氧同位素分析,初步研究了该区域的水化学和同位素空间分布特征及其对地表水循环的指示意义。结果表明：哈萨克斯坦东部河水离子组成以HCO3-Ca为主,局部有HCO3-Na水型分布。湖水以SO4-Na为主,有少量HCO3-Ca和SO4-Ca型水。研究区内水体Ca2+、Na+、SO42-均表现出南北低中间高的空间特征。河水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-123.46‰～-71.22‰和-16.09‰～-10.21‰,湖水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-97.82‰～-9.20‰和-12.74‰～2.44‰。额尔齐斯河河水与周围补给水体的氢、氧同位素差异显著,表明其主要来源于上游补给。河水和湖水氢、氧同位素关系式分别为δD=7.546×δ18O+3.507和δD=5.737×δ18O-24.14,且河水氢、氧同位素与经、纬度显著相关,反映了明显的内陆效应,而湖水氢、氧同位素的变化则主要反映了水体的蒸发程度,水体氢、氧同位素变化敏感地示踪了该区域水体的来源与循环特征。 相似文献
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本文统计分析了南极DomeC冰芯中汞含量和降水指征参数δ1 8O值、1 0 Be浓度的关系 ,发现冰芯中Hg含量和δ1 8O值、1 0 Be浓度变化一致 ,表明DomeC冰芯汞含量受到冰雪积累率的影响 ,而且三者变化的高度同步性可能说明其原始驱动力也是一致的 ,从而冰芯中Hg含量可以和1 0 Be浓度一样作为冰雪积累率估算的替代性指标。此外 ,利用δ1 8O数据 ,系统估算了 340 0 0年以来南极汞沉降通量的变化。结果表明 ,DomeC冰芯汞沉降通量在末次冰盛期 (LGM)最高 ,为 3.80pgcm- 2 a- 1 ,约是全新世汞沉降通量 ( 1 .0 8pgcm- 2 a- 1 )的 3.5倍 ,该变化可能主要受到汞的自然排放量影响。 相似文献
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Distribution features of stable oxygen isotopes in the typical monsoon temperate-glacier region, Mountain Yulong in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 During the summers of 1999 and 2000, sampling was carried out in Mt. Yulong, for the investigation of the spatial distribution of oxygen stable isotope in the atmospheric glacial hydro system and similar results obtained in the two years have confirmed our conclusion. There is an evident negative correlation between stable isotopic composition and air temperature precipitation amount, suggesting that there exits a strong "precipitation amount effect" in this typical monsoon temperate glacier region. There are marked differences between the δ 18 O values in winter accumulated snow, glacial meltwater, summer precipitation and glacier feeding stream. Under the control of varied climatic conditions, spatial and temporal variations of above glacial hydro mediums are apparent. Isotopic depletion or fractionation and ionic changes had occurred during the phase change and transformation processes of snow ice, ice meltwater, flowing of runoff and contact with bedrock. The variation of stable isotope in a runoff can reflect not only its own flowing process but also its different feeding sources. 相似文献
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《寒旱区科学》2021,(4)
Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Under the background of temperature warming, the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming trend in frozen ground temperature, an increasing active layer thickness, and the melting of underground ice. Based on high-resolution ground temperature data observed from 1997 to 2012 on the northern TP, the trend of ground temperature at each observation site and its response to climate change were analyzed. The results showed that while the ground temperature at different soil depths showed a strong warming trend over the observation period, the warming in winter is more significant than that in summer. The warming rate of daily minimum ground temperature was greater than that of daily maximum ground temperature at the TTH and MS3608 sites. During the study period, thawing occurred earlier, whereas freezing happened later, resulting in shortened freezing season and a thinner frozen layer at the BJ site. And a zero-curtain effect develops when the soil begins to thaw or freeze in spring and autumn. From 1997 to 2012, the average summer air temperature and precipitation in summer and winter from six meteorological stations along the Qinghai-Tibet highway also demonstrated an increasing trend, with a more significant temperature increase in winter than in summer. The ground temperature showed an obvious response to air temperature warming, but the trend varied significantly with soil depths due to soil heterogeneity. 相似文献
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基于释光测年的福建晋江海岸沙丘粒度记录的风沙活动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用OSL测年技术对福建晋江海岸沙丘剖面(SHA) 进行加密采样测年和粒度分析,初步确定了研究区近1000a 以来海岸沙丘发育的主要时段,以OSL测年值为基础,在统一时间标尺上综合对比东亚季风变化序列和福建沿海地区台风登陆记录,探讨了控制研究区海岸沙丘发育的主要因素.研究表明：(1) SHA沙丘表现为典型的海岸风成砂特征,海岸沙丘沉积后受风力侵蚀和后期化学风化作用的影响,粒径变粗,分选性变差,各粒级组分和粒度参数特征发生较大变化;(2) 近1000a 以来晋江海岸带海岸沙丘发育可划分为3 个时期,分别为AD1050~1300、AD1470~1600、AD1720~1950,尤其是小冰期(LIA),海岸风沙活动强烈,海岸沙丘发育盛行;(3) 近千年来区域降水量、海平面和台风强度变化与研究区海岸沙丘发育之间的关系尚不明确,而冬季风强度对海岸沙丘发育的影响明显,即海岸风沙活动期主要对应冬季风较强时期,但近50 年来海岸风沙活动较弱除了主要受冬季风减弱影响外,主要与人类经济活动所造成的地表覆被条件发生变化有关. 相似文献
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以西沙群岛琛航岛珊瑚礁钻孔为材料，通过高精度铀系测年技术测定了全新世底界的年代；同时利用MAT-253同位素质谱仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了0~20 m层段δ13C、δ18O和锶元素的质量分数，以U-Th年龄为基础，结合δ13C、δ18O和锶元素的质量分数均在16~17 m之间明显降低这一特点，得到琛航岛全新世珊瑚礁的起始发育时间为距今7 900 a前，不整合于晚更新世的珊瑚礁体（年代老于110 ka）之上，全新世礁体的厚度为16.7 m。考虑研究区域新构造活动相对稳定，以及南海现代珊瑚礁的礁坪面与大潮低潮面基本一致，琛科2井的钻孔井位高于现代礁坪约2.9 m，推测其起始发育时的位置在现代海平面大潮低潮面之下约13.8 m，即西沙群岛海域7 900 a前的海平面在现代海平面以下约13.8 m，近7 900 a以来海平面上升了至少13.8 m。这一结果为理解全新世南海珊瑚礁的发育历史及海平面变化提供了新的信息。 相似文献
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敦煌盆地降水稳定同位素特征及水汽来源 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于敦煌盆地2012年11月至2013年11月降水氢、氧稳定同位素数据 (δD、δ18O和d-excess),结合GNIP降水同位素监测资料和HYSPLIT 4模型对降水后向气团传输路径模拟结果,对敦煌盆地降水稳定同位素特征及水汽来源进行研究。结果表明:敦煌盆地降水δD和δ18O存在明显的季节效应,即降水δD和δ18O具有夏高冬低的变化特征;同时降水δD和δ18O表现出显著的温度效应,温度每升高1 ℃,δD增加6.89‰,δ18O增加0.92‰。敦煌盆地局地大气水线(LMWL)为δD=7.45δ18O+2.72(R2=0.98),受降水二次蒸发的影响,其斜率和截距均低于全球大气水线(GMWL)。降水d-excess受当地气温和相对湿度的影响,冬半年(11月至次年4月)偏正,夏半年(5-10月)偏负。从全年来看,敦煌盆地降水水汽主要来源于西风输送,冬季和春季受极地气团的影响,夏季部分降水事件受西南季风和局地再循环水汽的影响。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日500 h Pa高度场资料,对北半球夏季中高纬度大气阻塞特征进行统计分析,发现大气阻塞活动频率高的地区主要集中在白令海峡区域、鄂霍次克海区域、欧亚大陆区域及格陵兰区域。而通过NSIDC提供的卫星观测资料发现近30年夏季海冰容易减少的区域正好对应阻塞活动北部的高纬度地区。分别通过对以上4个区域有阻塞发生相对没有阻塞发生时的500 h Pa位势高度场、地面温度场、850 h Pa经向瞬变热通量输送和平流输送等异常变化场进行对比分析,结果发现夏季中高纬度阻塞频率的增加对海冰的减少有显著影响,主要体现在阻塞的发生发展可通过增加高纬度地面温度、对极地的热量输送和暖平流输送来加快海冰的融化。这种阻塞引起的热力作用在鄂霍次克海和欧亚大陆区域效果更为显著。 相似文献
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基于氢氧同位素和水化学的祁连山老虎沟冰川区径流过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2012-2013年两个消融期在祁连山老虎沟冰川区连续2 a采集的冰川融水径流、雪冰以及降水样品,分析探讨了冰川区水体介质中氢氧同位素和水化学要素(主要化学离子、pH值、TDS和电导率等)在消融期的变化过程及特征。结果表明:祁连山老虎沟雪冰融水中的氢氧同位素值(δD和δ18O)表现出明显的消融期随月份波动,先升高再降低的趋势,在7月份表现出高值,反映了冰川消融强弱程度的变化过程。冰川径流中同位素含量与冰雪融水接近,且处于当地降水线上,其主要来自冰雪融水和降雨补给。老虎沟冰川融水径流水化学主要表现为Ca-Na-HCO3-SO4和Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4型,其组成特征也表现出随消融过程而变化。对氢氧同位素和化学要素组成在消融期(6~9月)随时间的变化过程进行了分析,表明结合冰川区氢氧同位素和化学要素(包括化学离子、TDS、pH值和电导率等)的组成可以区分雪坑和新雪、河水的组分变化,可以反映冰川融水径流在消融期的变化过程。 相似文献