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通过对红层残积红土的粒度成分、矿物成分、化学成分、物理化学特性、宏观结构、微观结构特征的全面系统分析，揭示红层残积红土不仅经历了物理风化作用，而且经受过红土化作用，具有红土的一般特点，是一种强度稍高，压缩性中等，含较多游离氧化物的超固结土。最后对红层残积红土的工程地质评价提出建议，认为其特性与母岩有关，砂砾岩、砂岩残积红土接近花岗岩残积红土；粉砂岩、泥岩残积红土接近红粘土，并对地基承载力和变形等问题提出具体的评价意见。 相似文献
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第四纪红色粘土在我国南方分布很广,最典型的分布在华中岗地上,土层较厚,上部土质均匀,下部具有红白网纹并含砾石,大都是中更新世的洪积-冲积或残积-坡积物,笔者认为可能是间冰期比较暖热气候条件下的产物。熊毅早就指出:各地环境殊异,地形复杂,母岩不同,其理化特征将随之而异。第四纪红色粘土来自不同的堆积相,和经受不同的风化和成土过程,这将在矿物组成方面反映出来。土壤普查的结果表明,第四纪红色粘土按其分布的地形部位,成因和物质来源,可分成两类:一类是残积坡积相，为中更新世较早的暗红色沉积物，即Q2另一类是冲积相，为中更新世较晚的红化程度较轻的淡红色沉积物。它们都经历了中更新世至今的成土过程1)”。为了查明它们的差异，并有助于第四纪沉积物的研究，笔者用部分标本进行矿物分析，并对初步结果进行讨论。 相似文献
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黄土高原风尘序列的碳酸盐成因及其风化过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳酸盐是黄土高原风尘序列的主要组成部分,其含量与原生碳酸盐溶解、再沉淀,以及含钙硅酸盐化学风化强度等密切相关。碳酸盐在表生环境下极易移动,且其迁移变化受大气降水、温度等古气候所制约,因此黄土次生碳酸盐记录了古气候的重要信息。甘肃西峰赵家川剖面碳酸盐含量、磁化率的系统测定和风尘序列地质特征研究表明,在整个剖面中,碳酸盐含量和磁化率曲线呈显著的负相关,并从剖面上部到红粘土底部,碳酸盐含量有增加趋势。黄土、古土壤和红粘土沉积分别处在不同风化阶段:黄土化学风化最弱,处于钙质残积阶段,古土壤处于强烈钙质淋溶阶段和硅铝残积阶段,红粘土化学风化最强烈,处于硅铝残积阶段或红土化阶段;不同的化学风化阶段古气候性质有别。 相似文献
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贵阳地区红粘土工程地质特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红粘土是一种区域性的特殊土。随着红粘土研究的深入,对其成因及其工程地质特征等问题出现了不同的看法。贵阳地区红粘土分布广泛,是工程建设中常见的特殊土质类型之一。本文从成因观点出发,对贵阳地区红粘土的主要工程地质特征进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩残积红土的结构、构造特征及其成因研究 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12
本文根据典型碳酸盐岩风化壳─—石灰岩、白云岩风化剖面岩土体结构、构造现象的野外系统的观察资料,自基岩到土层系统地采集了风化剖面的代表样品,在室内进行了样品的偏光显微镜、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和Ｘ射线能谱分析（ＥＤＡＸ）测试等工作,对残积红粘土结构、构造特征进行了较系统的研究和成因论证,最后提出了它们是溶蚀─—交代成因的结论,从而进一步充实和论证了作者在以往论文（１９８８,１９８９,１９９１ａ,１９９１ｂ）中提出的论点￣［１,２］． 相似文献
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皖南红粘土的成因和对工程的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据国内外的文献资料,通过对安徽皖南地区红粘土的研究,本文分析了红粘土的成因及演化过程,认为红土化过程实质是一个物理化学改变的过程,并对红粘土中特殊的矿物成分,结构连接方式以及其演化过程对其工程地质性质的影响进行了评价. 相似文献
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通过岩性特征、化学成分、矿物组成以及沉积层序等分析,认为蔚县矿区下花园组底部鲕状粘土岩不是风化壳成因,而是石灰岩风化壳上的残积粘土,经地表水搬运到汇水盆地,然后快速沉积,再经过一系列物理化学变化之后的产物。 相似文献
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红粘土的成因及其对工程性质的影响 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
姜洪涛 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(3):33-37
根据国内外的文献资料,通过对广西贵县和柳州龙船山地区红粘土的研究,本文分析了红粘土的成因及演化过程,认为红土化过程实质是一个物理化学改变的过程,并探讨了红粘土中特殊的矿物成分,结构连接方式以及其演化过程对其工程地质性质的影响。 相似文献
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广西红粘土和膨胀土土热力学特性的比较研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于广西膨胀土和红粘土的成因类型、物质成分和结构特征,研究常温(-4℃～60℃)下膨胀土与红粘土的热力学特性,探讨了红粘土与膨胀土的抗剪强度指标与温度之间的相关关系。试验结果表明,两种土在10℃,40℃与室温(28℃)时,主应力差σ1-σ3峰值变化不大,而60℃时有明显增大;在相同条件下,红粘土的主应力差峰值变化更大;红粘土与膨胀土的抗剪强度指标(c,φ)随热状况不同而发生变化,而且红粘土的粘聚力c和膨胀土的内摩擦角φ在室温,环境有较小值。分析结果认为,两种土的热效应影响趋势相似,但红粘土的热力学特性较为敏感,这与红粘土的成因类型及胶结特征密切相关。研究结果为红粘土与膨胀土地区工程建设及减灾防灾提供参考。 相似文献
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英峰岭剖面红土的粘土矿物和化学特征与成土环境关系 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
地球化学与粘土矿物学研究表明,广东雷州半岛英峰岭多期红土是拉弱武岩红土化初级阶段的产物,由剖面底层至顶层,红土成熟度依次递增。各层红土中主要粘土矿物含量和粘土的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量,以及工土和粘土的氧化,淋溶,富铁铝等化学特征系数与红土埋深之间呈波动起伏的关系。 相似文献
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Summary Chemical analyses are used by many authors to describe processes of soil development or laterite formation. In this paper some methods of balance calculations are compared by using samples of a laterite profile on granite from India as testing material. It should be proved which of these calculations of transported matter between the different layers are fitting to the mineral analyses of the laterite profile.Only the results of the method proposed byMashall by using an index-mineral as a base for comparison is confirmed by the mineral analyses.The method ofStreng differs from the above described calculation by using a chemical element as an index. FollowingStreng it is supposed that this element remains unchanged during the weathering processes. But certain chemical elements can be constituents of several minerals of a parent rock. During laterite formation all or almost all minerals of the original rock will be altered and the elements will be transported by weathering solutions. Therefore chemical elements do not serve as an index for balance calculations within a laterite complex.UsingGrossers method one cannot decide wether the abundance of a certain element is caused by accumulation of this element or by lost of other constituents and vice-versa.The use of the method developed byMillot u.Bonifas is not advisable except the structure of the original rock is preserved unaltered during laterite formation. This is not indicated in our case. 相似文献
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Degree of weathering in the identification of laterite materials for engineering purposes — a review
M.D. Gidigasu 《Engineering Geology》1974,8(3):213-266
Laterite materials include a large succession of reddish, tropically weathered, decomposition products starting with fresh rock and ending with sesquioxide-rich pedogenic rock (cuirasse). Identification of the various grades of such materials for engineering purposes is a problem which repeatedly faces the engineer engaged in the design and construction of structures on or with laterite materials.The author has attempted to assemble available information useful for the identification and evaluation of all grades of laterite materials for engineering purposes. In the first part he summarises information on the significant genetic characteristics which appear to underlie the deviation of engineering behaviour of laterite materials from the expected properties based upon conventional soil mechanics as developed for temperate-zone soils.The second part summarises available information on the identification of significant geotechnical properties of various grades and genetic groups of laterite materials for engineering purposes.The engineering behaviour of laterite materials forms the substance of the third part of the paper.A literature study has revealed that the geotechnical characteristics and engineering behaviour of laterite materials depend mainly on the genesis and degree of weathering (i.e., decomposition, laterisation, dessication and/or hardening). Other significant genetic characteristics include morphological characteristics as well as the type and content of secondary minerals.Progress in the field of identification and evaluation of laterite materials for construction appears to depend on the simultaneous consideration of all the major factors which affect the behaviour of rocks and their derived soils (i.e., rock type, weathering condition, degree of weathering, type of derived materials as well as their chemical and mineralogical composition).Such an approach is desirable to increase the accuracy of predictions and assessments of the engineering behaviour of most laterite materials. 相似文献
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红黏土易失水收缩开裂,不仅降低了其整体强度,还为雨水入渗提供了通道,加剧了其承载能力的弱化。因此,如何抑制红黏土收缩,成为解决问题的关键。纳米氧化硅颗粒尺寸极其细小,隶属纳米范畴。充分发挥纳米氧化硅的尺寸优势,以期纳米氧化硅微粒能够进入红黏土团粒内,抵抗红黏土的失水收缩行为。为此,选用不同干质量掺入比（纳米氧化硅:红黏土分别为0:100、2:100、3.5:100、5:100、6.5:100）,将纳米氧化硅混入红黏土后压实成型（干密度1.44 g/cm3和1.46 g/cm3）。比较压实红黏土-纳米氧化硅混合物的收缩特性与孔隙分布情况。试验发现,纳米氧化硅可以抑制红黏土的收缩行为;而且随着掺入量增加,其缩限值也逐渐提高。红黏土-纳米氧化硅混合物的表观形貌照片显示,纳米氧化硅掺量大于5%时,红黏土团粒内孔隙赋存有大量纳米氧化硅颗粒。同时,孔隙分布曲线还表明,分布于孔径0.03 ?m的孔隙明显减少,说明纳米氧化硅主要充填孔径大于0.03 ?m的孔隙。纳米氧化硅改善红黏土的收缩性属于物理方法,有别于石灰处治等化学方式,更具有环境友好的潜在优势。 相似文献
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印度尼西亚红土型镍矿 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
红土型镍矿分布在环太平洋亚热带-热带多雨地区。镍矿体产于趟基性岩上部的红土风化壳中,受地形控制明显,成因类型为红土型硅酸镍氧化矿,以褐铁矿型和腐岩型为主,矿石质量和可利用性均较好。 相似文献
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广东西樵剖面厚约9.6m,其中该剖面的MIS5a网纹红土"XQ41"厚约33cm,位于该剖面719~751cm深度。对MIS 5a网纹红土按1cm间隔采集,总共获得32个样品的常量元素分析结果。研究表明,化学风化指标SiO2/Al2O3、CIA、ba和CIW的分布范围和平均值都显示其在物质组成上具有总体上均一的特征;SiO2-ba、SiO2-CIW和SiO2/Al2O3-CIA散点图上则分别以大部分、几乎全部和全部地聚集于现代热带红土(砖红土)散点的分布范围。据此提出,西樵网纹红土主要形成于热带气候影响下的生物气候带。有意义的是,与西樵网纹红土相同时代的西樵邻近区域的碧寿洞和罗沙岩哺乳动物化石群,都含有指示热带气候的物种。这进一步表明,热带生物气候带与发育成熟的网纹红土存在着逻辑上的因果关系。这一研究结果,为MIS5a全球变化与中国低纬区域环境响应提出了一个新的认识问题的材料,相应地也为轨道变化与冰期间冰期旋回学说增添了一个新的内容。 相似文献
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赣北鄱阳湖地区土塘剖面发育第四纪红土,自下而上可分为强网纹红土层、弱网纹红土层、微网纹红土层、均质红土层和下蜀黄土层。基于常量元素、粒度分析数据以及前人年代框架,初探土塘剖面化学风化特征及其古气候意义。(1)土塘剖面粒度组分均一,常量元素含量相近,风化淋溶强烈。(2)土塘剖面各地层间化学风化强度存在差异:下蜀黄土层为初期的去Na、Ca阶段;均质红土层为中期的去K阶段;微网纹红土层由去K阶段向去Si阶段过渡;网纹红土层已完全进入晚期去Si阶段。剖面常量元素的相对迁移能力为:Na2O>MnO2>CaO>P2O5>MgO>K2O>SiO2>Al2O3>TiO2>Fe2O3。(3)中更新世以来赣北鄱阳湖地区气候总体上由暖湿趋于干冷,期间伴随多个明显的干湿旋回佐证强烈的淋溶与干湿交替作用是网纹红土发育的重要驱动因子。 相似文献
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RON GOLDBERY 《Sedimentology》1979,26(2):229-251
Petrographical and mineralogical studies of the Lower Jurassic sequence exposed at Makhtesh Ramon, have shown the domination of a lateritic suite of epiclastic sediments of pisolite conglomerate and laterite arenite composition. Their subsequent modification by epigenetic processes of chemical weathering has given rise to the formation of flint clay, high alumina flint clay, laterite and mottled and variegated claystone. Within the Nahal Ardon area, both the transported laterite accumulates and the autochthonous lithologies occur interbedded within the same section. In all, a total of ten lithofacies have been defined and mapping of the various units, grouped into allochthonous and autochthonous classes, has established the existence of lateral facies changes between Nahal Ardon, where the sequence rests on a broad undulatory Triassic basement, and the zone to the west where it occurs as infillings of Triassic solution cavities, sink holes and irregular depressions. Vertical profile studies of the lithofacies indicate that the vertical range of ground water movements increased westwards from Nahal Ardon and resulted in the transported laterite accumulates being subjected to varying degrees of chemical weathering. The observed lateral facies changes are a direct consequence of this. Within the ‘karstic’ zone, the laterite accumulates in addition to the overlying younger carbonate lithologies have been converted to flint clay and demonstrate the intraformational genesis of the flint clay, whereby vertical ground water movements are related to recharge of aquifer zones within the underlying Triassic Mohilla Formation. 相似文献
19.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(3):363-381
The laterite profiles investigated in the present study developed after the emplacement of a slab of oceanic crust and upper mantle sequence (the Semail ophiolite) onto the East Arabian margin during the late Cretaceous. The laterites formed as a result of prolonged weathering of the ophiolite assemblage under tropical to subtropical conditions.Nine laterite profiles have been examined for their Ni potential along a NW-SE segment of the Oman Mountains. The preserved laterite profile shows variations in thickness, mineralogy, and chemical composition. The profiles show a vertical succession from bedrock protolith through saprolite, oxide laterite, to clay laterite. The laterite profiles are unconformably capped either by clastics rocks of the Late Cretaceous Qahlah Formation or by Palaeogene carbonates of the Jafnayn or Abat Formations.The protolith corresponds either to a fine-grained, blackish to greenish serpentinized peridotite or to a coarse-grained dark green altered layered gabbro.The bulk geochemistry of the studied profiles indicates a typical low Ni-laterite pattern in which magnesium (Mg) and silica (Si) become depleted towards the top of the profile, whereas iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) increase. A significant enrichment in Ni and Co occurred as a result of the laterization process. Ni concentrations average 0.63% (Ibra), 0.72% (East Ibra), 0.67% (Al-Russayl), and 0.33% (Tiwi). Other elements such as Cr, V, Pb, TiO2, Zr, Ba, and Zn were also remobilized across the profiles during the laterization processes. 相似文献
20.
In most tropical countries, good and poor concretionary laterite gravels are distinguished solely on the basis of the aggregate impact-strength specifications of the British Standards Institute. Acceptance limits of other aggregate properties (e.g., absorption, specific gravity, etc.) require modifications, because of the peculiar structure and mineralogy of laterite gravels. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study undertaken to develop other quality-control tests and their acceptance limits to supplement the aggregate impact-strength test in evaluating the quality of laterite gravel aggregates.
Commonly used concretionary laterite gravels from across Nigeria were used for this study. The laboratory tests performed included sorption tests, density, abrasion, slake durability, Iowa pore index, aggregate impact value, wet-dry cycles and chemical composition. The test results were subjected to bivariant correlation and multivariant stepwise regression-statistical analyses.
The study revealed that the ratio of silica to oxides of iron and aluminum, which is known to have a dominating influence on the physico-mechanical properties of laterite gravels can be predicted with reasonable accuracy from the specific gravity. Similarly, abrasion resistance, aggregate impact strength (dry and wet) and durability under wetting and drying cycles can be estimated from empirical multiple-regression relations, involving simple tests such as sorption, density and Iowa pore index (pore-size indexes). These simple tests, therefore, constitute additional quality-control tests.
Four quality grades — excellent, good, fair and poor — were established on the basis of the impact strength. The limits of acceptability for each of the recommended simple quality-control test were computed from the relevant linear-regression equations. The main advantage of the proposed new quality-control tests and acceptance limits is the quantitative approach and the ability to recognize four quality grades instead of the usual two. This enables a better selection of laterite gravels for various categories of constructions. 相似文献