共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 533 毫秒
1.
The growing importance of urbanization in Canada highlights the need for nationally consistent information on major cities to support effective policy development. A spatially-explicit database, the Canadian Urban Land-Use Survey (CUrLUS), is described. It is a comprehensive source of integrated contemporary land-cover/land-use, demographic and socio-economic information as well as historic land use characterizations from earlier federal initiatives. Satellite remote sensing plays a key role in the form of provision of Landsat-based thematic classifications. The utilization of CUrLUS is illustrated in the quantification of transportation-related energy sustainability indicators, namely, density, urban compactness and land-use mix. The latter shows the greatest promise, being significantly correlated to both work-related median travel distance and percent private vehicle use. Urban transportation is complex and it is argued that indicators based solely on statistical and spatial analysis methodologies are limited in abilities to directly address specific components of this issue, for example, energy consumption. It is recommended that more sophisticated, model-enhanced indicators be developed. We also demonstrate that the land-use/urban-form information of CUrLUS will be a cornerstone in this endeavour. 相似文献
2.
3.
土地利用优化配置是解决土地资源供需矛盾、协调社会经济发展与生态保护的重要技术手段,也是土地资源可持续利用需要解决的关键问题之一。随着空间模拟和智能优化技术的发展,土地利用优化的理论基础和方法体系也在不断更新。在文献计量的基础上,系统总结了国内外土地利用优化配置的驱动理论和方法,重点分析了空间模拟优化模型和智能寻优模型在土地利用优化配置建模应用中的进展和存在的问题,对土地利用优化配置未来的发展和面临的挑战进行了讨论和展望,提出自然与人文过程的耦合驱动、多模型的空间化协同、大数据知识挖掘方法的嵌入和数字孪生技术的支撑,应是土地利用优化配置领域下一阶段的研究方向。 相似文献
4.
GIS与SPSS集成分析区域土地利用变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用遥感、专题地图及自然与社会经济统计等数据,在GIS技术的支持下,建立了吉林省镇赉县土地利用变化专题数据库;利用SPSS软件,对引起镇赉县土地利用变化的驱动力因子进行分析,建立因子分析模型,分析该区域土地利用变化的驱动因素;提出土地优化利用策略,为区域土地可持续利用及环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
随着愈加快速的土地资源开发,土地利用时空变化研究已全面启动,本文结合ArcObjects组件、Access数据库和VC 工具开发了一个土地利用时空分析系统,实现了土地利用空间数据建库、地图查询分析、土地利用时空模型解算等功能。为土地利用时空研究提供功能集成的数据运算与图形处理平台,也为土地利用规划的制定及其修编等工作提供了技术支持。 相似文献
6.
Smart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers. Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling and travel behavior research. This study seeks to develop an accurate framework for the study of urban mobility from smart card data by developing a heuristic primary location model to identify the home and work locations. The model uses journey counts as an indicator of usage regularity, visit-frequency to identify activity locations for regular commuters, and stay-time for the classification of work and home locations and activities. London is taken as a case study, and the model results were validated against survey data from the London Travel Demand Survey and volunteer survey. Results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect meaningful home and work places with high precision. This study offers a new and cost-effective approach to travel behavior and demand research. 相似文献
7.
Yoshio Inoue Yoshiyuki Kiyono Hidetoshi Asai Yukihito Ochiai Jiaguo Qi Albert Olioso Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Takeshi Horie Kazuki Saito Linkham Dounagsavanh 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010
In the tropical mountains of Southeast Asia, slash-and-burn (S/B) agriculture is a widely practiced and important food production system. The ecosystem carbon stock in this land-use is linked not only to the carbon exchange with the atmosphere but also with food and resource security. The objective of this study was to provide quantitative information on the land-use and ecosystem carbon stock in the region as well as to infer the impacts of alternative land-use and ecosystem management scenarios on the carbon sequestration potential at a regional scale. The study area was selected in a typical slash-and-burn region in the northern part of Laos. The chrono-sequential changes of land-use such as the relative areas of community age and cropping (C) + fallow (F) patterns were derived from the analysis of time-series satellite images. The chrono-sequential analysis showed that a consistent increase of S/B area during the past three decades and a rapid increase after 1990. Approximately 37% of the whole area was with the community age of 1–5 years, whereas 10% for 6–10 years in 2004. The ecosystem carbon stock at a regional scale was estimated by synthesizing the land-use patterns and semi-empirical carbon stock model derived from in situ measurements where the community age was used as a clue to the linkage. The ecosystem carbon stock in the region was strongly affected by the land-use patterns; the temporal average of carbon stock in 1C + 10F cycles, for example, was greater by 33 MgC ha−1 compared to that in 1C + 2F land-use pattern. The amount of carbon lost from the regional ecosystems during 1990–2004 periods was estimated to be 42 MgC ha−1. The study approach proved to be useful especially in such regions with low data-availability and accessibility. This study revealed the dynamic change of land-use and ecosystem carbon stock in the tropical mountain of Laos as affected by land-use. Results suggest the significant potential of carbon sequestration through changing land-use and ecosystem management scenarios. These quantitative estimates would be useful to better understand and manage the land-use and ecosystem carbon stock towards higher sustainability and food security in similar ecosystems. 相似文献
8.
Land-use/land-cover information constitutes an important component in the calibration of many urban growth models. Typically, the model building involves a process of historic calibration based on time series of land-use maps. Medium-resolution satellite imagery is an interesting source for obtaining data on land-use change, yet inferring information on the use of urbanised spaces from these images is a challenging task that is subject to different types of uncertainty. Quantifying and reducing the uncertainties in land-use mapping and land-use change model parameter assessment are therefore crucial to improve the reliability of urban growth models relying on these data. In this paper, a remote sensing-based land-use mapping approach is adopted, consisting of two stages: (i) estimating impervious surface cover at sub-pixel level through linear regression unmixing and (ii) inferring urban land use from urban form using metrics describing the spatial structure of the built-up area, together with address data. The focus lies on quantifying the uncertainty involved in this approach. Both stages of the land-use mapping process are subjected to Monte Carlo simulation to assess their relative contribution to and their combined impact on the uncertainty in the derived land-use maps. The robustness to uncertainty of the land-use mapping strategy is addressed by comparing the most likely land-use maps obtained from the simulation with the original land-use map, obtained without taking uncertainty into account. The approach was applied on the Brussels-Capital Region and the central part of the Flanders region (Belgium), covering the city of Antwerp, using a time series of SPOT data for 1996, 2005 and 2012. Although the most likely land-use map obtained from the simulation is very similar to the original land-use map – indicating absence of bias in the mapping process – it is shown that the errors related to the impervious surface sub-pixel fraction estimation have a strong impact on the land-use map's uncertainty. Hence, uncertainties observed in the derived land-use maps should be taken into account when using these maps as an input for modelling of urban growth. 相似文献
9.
Ubiquitous taxi trajectory data has made it possible to apply it to different types of travel analysis. Of interest is the need to allow someone to monitor travel momentum and associated congestion in any location in space in real time. However, despite an abundant literature in taxi data visualization and its applicability to travel analysis, no easy method exists. To measure taxi travel momentum at a location, current methods require filtering taxi trajectories that stop at a location at a particular time range, which is computationally expensive. We propose an alternative, computationally cheaper way based on preprocessing vector fields from the trajectories. Algorithms are formalized for generating vector kernel density to estimate a travel-model-free vector field-based representation of travel momentum in an urban space. The algorithms are shared online as an open source GIS 3D extension called VectorKD. Using 17 million daily taxi GPS points within Beijing over a 4-day period, we demonstrate how to generate in real time a series of projections from a continuously updated vector field of taxi travel momentum to query a point of interest anywhere in a city, such as the CBD or the airport. This method allows a policy-maker to automatically identify temporal net influxes of travel demand to a location. The proposed methodology is shown to be over twenty times faster than a conventional selection query of trajectories. We also demonstrate, using taxi data entering the Beijing Capital International Airport and the CBD, how we can quantify in nearly real time the occurrence and magnitude of inbound or outbound queueing and congestion periods due to taxis cruising or waiting for passengers, all without having to fit any mathematical queueing model to the data. 相似文献
10.
China is facing the pressures of both rapid economic development and environmental protection, and land-use allocation optimization is an important way to manage the conflicts between these pressures and to achieve sustainable development. Optimization of land-use allocation is a nonlinear multiobjective spatial optimization problem, and a purely local simulation model or global optimization model is insufficient to solve it. It is essential to bridge the gap between the two models through the combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. This study integrates a multiagent system (MAS) that simulates the behaviors of land-use stakeholders with regard to their choices of specific locations, with a genetic algorithm (GA) that simultaneously evaluates and optimizes land-use configurations to meet various regional development objectives. The model is expected to achieve the optimization of land use in terms of the composition and spatial configuration. Caidian District, Wuhan, China, was chosen as the study area to test the model in this paper. The results show that the performance of the coupled model is superior to a pure GA model or MAS model. The optimal configuration improves on the economic output, spatial compactness, and carbon storage of the current configuration and promotes sustainable regional land-use development from the local scale to the regional scale. 相似文献
11.
Els Hannes Diana Kusumastuti Maikel León Espinosa Davy Janssens Koen Vanhoof Geert Wets 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2012,14(2):143-165
In this paper, the “mental map” concept is positioned with regard to individual travel behaviour to start with. Based on Ogden and Richards’ triangle of
meaning (The meaning of meaning: a study of the influence of language upon thought and of the science of symbolism. International
library of psychology, philosophy and scientific method. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1966) distinct thoughts, referents and symbols originating from different scientific disciplines are identified and explained
in order to clear up the notion’s fuzziness. Next, the use of this concept in two major areas of research relevant to travel
demand modelling is indicated and discussed in detail: spatial cognition and decision-making. The relevance of these constructs
to understand and model individual travel behaviour is explained and current research efforts to implement these concepts
in travel demand models are addressed. Furthermore, these mental map notions are specified in two types of computational models,
i.e. a Bayesian Inference Network (BIN) and a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). Both models are explained, and a numerical and a
real-life example are provided. Both approaches yield a detailed quantitative representation of the mental map of decision-making
problems in travel behaviour. 相似文献
12.
随着交通事业的迅猛发展以及人民群众生活水平的不断提高,公众的出行需求发生了巨大的变化,除传统的出行方式外,越来越多的人选择公路自驾车出行,这使得出行服务的内容也随之发生了变化。本文提出了基于Web Service和Flex客户端开发技术建设出行服务系统的思路,设计并实现了青海省便民出行服务系统,系统的建设提高了居民出行的安全性和便利性。 相似文献
13.
Bayesian networks and agent-based modeling approach for urban land-use and population density change: a BNAS model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Land-use change models grounded in complexity theory such as agent-based models (ABMs) are increasingly being used to examine evolving urban systems. The objective of this study is to develop a spatial model that simulates land-use change under the influence of human land-use choice behavior. This is achieved by integrating the key physical and social drivers of land-use change using Bayesian networks (BNs) coupled with agent-based modeling. The BNAS model, integrated Bayesian network–based agent system, presented in this study uses geographic information systems, ABMs, BNs, and influence diagram principles to model population change on an irregular spatial structure. The model is parameterized with historical data and then used to simulate 20 years of future population and land-use change for the City of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. The simulation results identify feasible new urban areas for development around the main transportation corridors. The obtained new development areas and the projected population trajectories with the“what-if” scenario capabilities can provide insights into urban planners for better and more informed land-use policy or decision-making processes. 相似文献
14.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):31-39
A proper characterization of land-use types is critical for constructing generalization constraints to guide and control landuse data generalization. This paper focused on identification and utilization of their importance based upon land-use distributions and application themes. First, this importance was identified using a three-step method that links a diversity index, a multiple attribute decision model and a spatial association analysis. Second, with the importance, a mathematical function was designed to determine minimum area thresholds of land-use polygons as an example of generalization constraints. Third, the importance was used to assist in the selection of generalization operators and evaluation of generalization outcomes. Fourth, a land-use dataset at 1:10 000, describing the land use of a typical rural area in Hubei province of China, was generalized towards a 1:50 000 dataset to verify the effects of the presented method and function. Three additional tests were implemented to analyze the sensitivity of the importance of land-use types on setting the minimum area threshold and generalization operations. The outcome showed that the proposed methods and functions make land-use data generalization more adaptable for in-use datasets and applications. 相似文献
15.
基于CLUE-S模型集成设计的关键问题研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在传统方法上使用CLUE-S模型进行土地利用变化模拟存在着效率低下的弊端,如需要借助SPSS软件进行Logistic回归分析和ROC曲线检验;需要借助数学方法进行土地需求量的预测,而预测方法之多会导致数学预测模型不好选取;此外显示土地利用模拟结果需要借助Arcgis软件。本文针对上述缺点,提出在基于CLUE-S模型基础上进行系统集成的设计思路,对其中的关键问题分别进行了研究,分别实现了各个功能。最后将模拟结果与Arcview软件生成的结果进行对比,完全符合。说明该设计思路是切实可行的,从而为解决上述困难提供了有效的方法基础,为该集成系统的有效运用提供了更为科学的依据。 相似文献
16.
17.
ASTER和TM/ETM+遥感数据融合监测土地覆盖变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在人们纷纷选择IKONOS、QUICKBIRD、SPOT-5等高分辨率影像监测土地利用/覆盖变化之际,以北京海淀区为例,尝试采用Brovey变换和主成分分析(PCA)法融合ASTER、TM/ETM+中等分辨率影像,充分利用ASTER、TM/ETM+数据的多光谱和较高空间分辨率特性,挖掘其在土地覆盖变化监测中的潜力,为大规模监测土地利用/覆盖变化提供科学参考。研究将2003年ASTER多光谱3N、2、1波段与1999年ETM+PAN波段进行Brovey变换;1992年TM543与1999年ETM+PAN波段进行PCA融合,快速发现土地覆盖变化信息。经验证,变化发现精度达92.50%,符合项目精度要求。试验表明:在缺乏高分辨率影像的地区,选择价格相对便宜的AS-TER和TM/ETM+数据,采用Brovey变换和主成分分析(PCA)法进行融合,可有效监测土地覆盖变化,节约动态监测成本,二者具有很大的应用价值,值得推广。 相似文献
18.
为了更加有效地利用公共交通,缓解城市交通拥堵,本文在公共交通利用方面提出了一种新的出行路线查询方法。它可以提供基于无需换乘的公交站点位置周边兴趣点路线查询,即根据离自己位置最近的公交站点信息,按照一定条件查找出满足条件的兴趣点,并给出前往自己兴趣点的公交路线。建立相应的空间数据库,储存公交站点等信息。基于ArcEngine开发平台,采用C#.NET语言进行了城市公交站点周边兴趣点查询系统功能的开发,实现了输入兴趣点和公交站点即可得到所需的出行路线。在本文中,查询系统以深圳市为例进行了测试,结果能够满足需求,为城市居民的出行提供了一个新的查询方式。 相似文献
19.
Spatial accessibility is a critical consideration in the provision of services, both public and private. In public transit
planning, accessibility is comprised of access and geographic coverage. Interestingly, these two considerations are somewhat
at odds with each other. Access is important because it is the process associated with getting to and departing from the service.
Such access is typically perceived of in spatial terms as the physical proximity to transit stops or stations. Additional
stops along a route usually mean greater access, because a stop is more likely to be within an acceptable walking/driving
standard for a larger number of people. On the other hand, more stops and greater access slow transit travel speeds, thereby
decreasing the area of service reachable given a travel time budget. More stops along a route translate to greater service
interruption and longer travel times. The faster the travel time, the more desirable the service. Further, if travel times
become excessive, then user demand for service will decrease. All of this means that stop spacing along a route is central
to accessibility, as it is a tradeoff of access (more stops) and geographic coverage (service efficiency through less stops).
This paper details modeling approaches for addressing accessibility concerns in an integrated fashion. Bus-based transit service
in Columbus, Ohio will be utilized to illustrate the usefulness of these approaches in transit planning.
Received: September 2002 / Accepted: January 2003
This research was supported in part by an Ohio State University seed grant. 相似文献
20.
Modeling multi-day planning has received scarce attention in activity-based transport demand modeling so far. However, new dynamic activity-based approaches are being developed at the current moment. The frequency and inflexibility of planned activities and events in activity schedules of individuals indicate the importance of incorporating those pre-planned activities in the new generation of dynamic travel demand models. Elaborating and combining previous work on event-driven activity generation, the aim of this paper is to develop and illustrate an extension of a need-based model of activity generation that takes into account possible influences of pre-planned activities and events. This paper describes the theory and shows the results of simulations of the extension. The simulation was conducted for six different activities, and the parameter values used were consistent with an earlier estimation study. The results show that the model works well and that the influences of the parameters are consistent, logical, and have clear interpretations. These findings offer further evidence of face and construct validity to the suggested modeling approach. 相似文献