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1.
分形几何在海底火山地形中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对最近取得的中国南海大陆坡上的火山地形的等高线进行分维测量 ,发现火山及其附近的等高线具有稳定的分维数。利用分维数可以将火山及其附近的地形分成三类 :火山口附近、较陡峭的火山腰部和火山附近较平坦的海底。它们的分维数均低于大陆上等高线的一般分维值 ,平均为 1 .1 1 8。说明玄武岩火山即便不很古老 ,仍可具有标度不变性 ,并且与附近海底一起接受了较厚的海底沉积后 ,又具有了略为不同的分维数。 相似文献
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3.
ZHU Xiaohua 《中国海洋工程》2000,14(4):533-540
According to the fractal theory,the spatial fractal character of coastline is preliminarily dis-cussed on the basis of GIS in this paper.Two aspects are considered:one is the length demarcation ofcoastline with different scales,and the other is the confirmation of existence of the fractal character on dif-ferent boundaries of tidal flats.Finally,some significant conclusions are drawn:(1)The coastline ofJiangsu Province has the fractal character and its dimension is 1.0696.(2)It conforms to the exponentialcorrelation between different lengths(L)of coastline and scales(k).It conforms to the formula lgL(k)=-1.029lgk+2.9544 in the continental coastline of Jiangsu province.(3)Different boundaries of a tidal flathave fractal characters,and different fractal dimensions indicate different comparative intensities of ero-sion and deposition on the tidal flat.(4)The reciprocity between land and sea may affect the value offractal dimension of a coastline,just as the lithology,substantial constituent and geological s 相似文献
4.
一种适于数字灰度图像的分数维计算方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分数维是分形分析的重要特征量。目前普遍采用的分数维计算方法是盒维数算法。但是对于数字灰度图像,该算法所得到的分数维非常粗糙,以至于难以作为图像分析特征。基于面积度量精确性和计算的相对简单性,提出1种利用面积覆盖的分数维计算方法。该方法的主要特点是对于灰度图像计算所得的分数维几乎是连续的,为分数维作为图像分析特征开拓了广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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LiangShichu WangBosun 《海洋通报(英文版)》2003,5(2):54-61
The fractal characteristics of the canopy structure o! B. gymnorrhiza population are investigated by fractal dimension analysis in the National Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve. The 3-year-old branches have box dimensions between 1.22 and 1.55, showing thecomplexity degree of branching structure and the ability of occupying and utilizing ecological space. It may be considered that fractal dimension provides a useful index for the study of light utilization efficiencies and growth processes of B. gymnorrhiza. Calculated by using the two-surface method, the fractal dimensions for the crown pattern of individuals with ages of 20 to 50 years range from 2.21 to 2.54, indicating that the filling degree of foliage to a tree crown is relatively low and B. gymnorrhiza has the property of a sun plant.Along with the increase of ages of individuals, the filling degree of foliage to a tree crown changes from high to low, and so does the fractal dimeilsion. The box dimensions obtained from the grayscale curves of population canopy are between 1.47 and 1.61. The greater the box dimension, the more loosely organized the canopy spatial structure, and the more the light spots. The canopy structural information and complexity of a population can be effectively captured by box dimensions obtained from canopy grayscale curves. 相似文献
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研究区位于1964～1976年黄河由刁口流路入海时形成的三角洲潮坪.为进行石油开采在潮坪上构筑的交通设施对波浪形成了良好的屏障,水动力条件具有显著差异的屏障两侧潮坪是研究潮坪特征对水动力条件响应的天然实验场所.在屏障两侧各选择一典型区,实测地貌形态,取样品进行粒度成分分析,根据实测资料分析确定潮坪分形特征.发现水动力环境的强弱决定着潮坪的形貌、沉积物粒度分维值的变化规律.水动力环境强的一侧潮坪滩面分维值高,且随着初始计算网格宽度增大迅速降维;表层沉积物粒度分维值小,且离散性大.相反,在另一侧潮坪滩面分维值低,且随着初始计算网格宽度增大分维值无显著变化;表层沉积物粒度分维值高,且具有较好的一致性.当初始计算网格宽度增大到某个值时,两侧潮坪形貌分维值渐趋一致.在屏障两侧各沿一条与屏障大角度相交的测线取样,并各选择一点采取不同深度的样品做分析计算,发现在水动力条件弱的一侧,样品的粒度分维值表现为远离屏障逐步降维、随深度增加分维值增大的规律;相反一侧粒度分维值变化的规律性很不明显.讨论了水动力环境对潮坪分形特征影响机理. 相似文献
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The probability of fractal determination of coastal types based on GIS is preliminarily discussed with China as an example. Finally, some significant conclusions are drawn: (1) The fractal dimension of coastline of the bedrock coast is larger than that of the plain coast on the same scale map; (2) As far as the bedrock coast is concerned, the larger fractal dimension of coastline of the bedrock coast on the same scale map indicates that the bedrock coast is probably not typical; (3) As far as the plain coast is concerned, the smaller fractal dimension of coastline of the plain coast on the same scale map indicates that it is probably the silt plain coast; (4) The different substantial compositions affect the fractal dimensions of coastlines of different coastal types. In general, the coast which lies in the north of the Hangzhou Bay consists of sand mainly, its surface is flat, and it is connected with the coastal plain, its landform is broad shoal, its total change is comparatively homogenous in the tidal dynamic process, and thus, the relatively smaller fractal dimension of coastline results from this. For the bedrock coast, there is more bedrock, the coastline is comparatively smooth and straight, being affected by the faults and ocean dynamic process, which result in the larger fractal dimension. 相似文献
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分形几何作为定量描述自然界中复杂非线性现象的强有力工具被应用于南海南部断裂体系的研究中,通过数盒子法计算了断裂分布的分维值.研究结果表明这种方法是可行的,断裂分布的分维值能有效地描述断裂的空间分布特征.南海南部断裂体系在标度区间25~250km具有很好的统计自相似性,全部断裂的分维值为1.6601,北东向断裂的为1.3875,北西向断裂的为1.2693.根据断裂分维等值线,沿西南海盆扩张轴,两侧断裂呈对称展布;北东向的与北西向的在空间上有一定的互补性,这反映了两组断裂在发育过程中的相互制约性.结合南海的构造演化及南海南部油气盆地的分布,初步探讨了断裂分形特征与南海的构造演化及断裂分形特征与油气盆地分布之间的关系. 相似文献
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海湾岸线是海湾变迁监测的重要对象。文章利用美国陆地资源卫星Landsat-5/TM、Landsat-7/ETM和中国环境减灾星HJ-1A、B/CCD遥感数据,对渤海湾1986-2014年近30年来的水域面积、岸线长度和岸线分形维数进行了解译测算。结果表明,渤海湾平均高潮位的水域面积呈现不断减小的趋势,其数值由1986年的(13 909.97±3.53)km~2减少至2014年的(12 641.99±11.50)km~2;岸线长度呈现先减小再增加的变化规律,其数值由1986年的(968.41±1.84)km减少至1998年的(642.43±2.59)km,再增加至2014年的(850.94±10.78)km;渤海湾岸线分形维数从1986年的1.110 2下降至2014年的1.064 9;同时分析发现养殖场建造、围填海和港口建设等海洋工程是渤海湾岸线变迁的主要驱动力因素;渤海湾岸线分形维数与天津市国内生产总值(GDP)的倒数变化呈现线性相关系数为0.95的高相关性。文章的测算和分析结果对海湾动力学研究、环境变迁评估和海湾开发管理具有参考价值。 相似文献
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分维数是反映海岸线复杂程度的客观依据。结合国内外海岸线分形研究进展,本文以漠阳江入海口附近海域为研究区,基于Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像对研究区域提取瞬时水边线,并利用潮汐数据进行校正得到海岸线;利用Fractal Fox2.0计算获得该海岸线的分维数为1.071;通过对研究区的分形机制分析,认为漠阳江附近的断裂构造对海岸起宏观控制作用,从而对海岸线的分维值也起了决定作用。根据断裂体系模型计算得到西侧海岸线的理论分维值为1.089,而对数螺线模型计算得到东侧海岸线的分维值为1.171;实际分维值相对理论值偏小,说明海岸带的沉积与侵蚀影响了分维值。此外,根据本区海岸侵蚀原因的分析,对分维机制进行了探究,初步论证的分维值大小可为海岸的冲淤变化研究提供参考。 相似文献
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在跟踪国际、国内海岸线分形研究进展的基础上,以中国基岩海岸为例,对宏观尺度下构造对基岩海岸岸线走向、形状与分维大小的影响进行了研究,基本结论为：在宏观尺度下,构造在总体上控制着福建与台湾基岩海岸岸线的基本走向与分维大小,构造分维相对较大则其对该区域海岸线的控制作用相对较强,而区域海岸线分维相对较小;当构造分维相对较小则其对该区域海岸线的控制作用相对较弱,而区域海岸线分维相对较大。 相似文献
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理论分析、计算模拟以及实例验证表明，断裂体系对于海岸线的发育及其分形性质有着重要的影响。如果海岸线发育受到两组或者多组不同方向断裂的影响，并且影响程度相当或者比较接近，那么海岸线的分维值较大；如果海岸线倾向于由单一方向的一组断裂控制，那么海岸线的分维值较小。福建海岸主要受到NE向和NW向两组断裂的控制，因此海岸线的分维值较大；台湾东海岸受单一方向(NNE向)大断裂的控制，海岸线分维值接近于1．0。该项研究对加深海岸线分形机理的认识具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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分形理论在空间网络分布特征研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了以图论为基础的空间网络的测度方法,以及以分形理论为基础的表达空间网络分布特征的几种分维数,并阐述了各种分维数的地理意义,最后对于分维数的测算进行了评述. 相似文献
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分形几何作为定量描述自然界中复杂非线性现象的强有力工具，将其应用于南海南部断裂体系的研究中，通过数盒子法计算了断裂分布的分维值。研究结果表明这种方法是可行的，断裂分布的分维值能有效地描述断裂的空间分布特征。南海南部断裂体系在标度区间25～250km内具有很好的统计自相似性，全部断裂的分维值为1．6601，北东向断裂的为1．3875，北西向断裂的为1．2693。根据断裂分维等值线，沿西南海盆扩张轴，两侧断裂呈对称展布；北东向的与北西向的在空间上有一定的互补性，这反映了两组断裂在发育过程中的相互制约性。结合南海的构造演化及南海南部油气盆地的分布，初步探讨了断裂分形特征与南海的构造演化及断裂分形特征与油气盆地分布之间的关系。 相似文献
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利用遥感影像和GIS技术相结合获取福建省1995、2001、2010、2017年共4期海岸线的时空分布情况,并结合网格法计算各时期海岸线的分形维数,结合获取数据分析海岸线的时空变化特征、海岸线长度变化与分形维数变化之间的关系以及影响海岸线变化的原因。结果表明:1995—2017年福建省海岸线长度呈持续增加趋势,共增加388.99 km。从时间方面来看,2010年之后海岸线长度进入快速增长时期,其中2010—2017年是海岸线长度变化最显著的时期;从区域上来看,以宁德和莆田岸线变化最强烈,其他地市相对较稳定。1995—2017年研究区海岸线分形维数总体呈现先增加后减小趋势,其中宁德、福州、泉州分形维数变化比其他地市要复杂。研究区历史海岸线长度变化与分形维数变化之间存在着一定的相关关系,对各地市海岸线长度变化与分形维数变化统计分析表明,总体来看局部海岸线长度的增加或减小会导致整体海岸线分形维数增大或减小,且呈正比例变化。对1995—2017年研究区各时段海岸线变化对应的面积汇总情况来看,人类活动是影响研究区海岸线变化的主要原因,与人类活动相比,自然变化如河口淤积与侵蚀等对海岸线影响较小。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sea Research》1999,41(1-2):87-95
In situ instruments, particularly the instrument INSSEV (in situ settling velocity) have given new information on the sizes, settling velocities and effective densities of individual flocs within the spectrum of distribution. The low-density macroflocs (diameter >∼150 μm) contain a mixture of organic and inorganic constituents that become separated when the flocs are disrupted to form microflocs. Representation of the floc characteristics in terms of fractals reveals a range of fractal dimensions representing the distributions varying between 1 and 3, instead of the ideal value of 2. Measurements in estuarine turbidity maxima and on intertidal mudflats show that the fractal dimension is less than 2 in situations where turbulent shearing causes disruption of the flocs. At the same time increasing suspended sediment concentration tends to increase the fractal dimension. Measurements of size using an in situ Malvern sizer show that the floc size distribution is also affected by both turbulent energy dissipation and by concentration. Complementary laboratory studies suggest that, at a constant concentration, flocculation is enhanced by low shear, but that disruption occurs at higher shear. These experiments confirm the relationship between fractal dimension, shear stress and concentration. 相似文献
17.
黄河三角洲区域水动力条件下岸滩侵蚀研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
An ideal nature system for the study of post-depositional submarine mass changing under wave loading was selected in the intertidal platform of the subaqueous Huanghe River Delta, a delta formed during period from 1964 to 1976 as the Huanghe River discharged into the Bohai Gulf by Diaokou distributary. A road embankment constructed for petroleum recovery on the inter-tidal platform in 1995 induced the essential varieties of hydrodynamic conditions on the both sides of the road. With both sides sharing similarities in （1） initial sedimentary environment, （2） energetic wave loading, （3） differential hydrodynamic conditions in later stages, （4） enough long-range action, and （5） extreme shallow water inter-tidal platforms; the study is representative and feasible as well. Two study sites were selected on each side of the road, and a series of measurements, samplings, laboratory experiments have been carried out, including morphometry, hydrodynamic conditions, sediment properties, granularity composition, and fractal dimension calculation of the topography in the two adjacent areas. It was observed that in the outer zone, where wave loading with high magnitude prevailed, the tidal flat was bumpy and exhibited a high erosion rate and high fractal dimension. Further, the fractal dimension diminished quickly, keeping with the enlarging of calculative square size. However in the inner zone, where the hydrodynamic condition was weak, the tidal fiat was fiat and exhibited a low erosion rate and low fractal dimensions; the fractal dimension diminished with the enlarging of calcu- lative square size. The fractal dimensions in the different hydrodynamic areas equalized increasingly as the calculative square size accreted to threshold, indicating that the hydrodynamic condition plays a significant role in topography construction and submarine delta erosion process. Additionally, the later differentiation of sediment properties, granularity composition, microstructure characteristics, and mineral composition 相似文献
18.
海岸线是分形领域最传统的研究课题 ,但是在目前的海岸线研究中却忽略了一个重要且根本性的问题 ,那就是海岸线分维数不同计算方法之间是否存在着一定的差异 ,根据不同计算方法计算所得的分维数之间是否具有可比性。在概述海岸线分维数计算方法的基础上 ,分析了它们之间的异同 ,并进行了实证研究。指出 :使用量规法、网格法计算所得海岸线分维数结果之间存在着客观的差异 ,文中利用量规法计算所得的海岸线分维数结果大于使用网格法计算所得的海岸线分维数结果。 相似文献
19.
The distribution patterns of mangrove Bruguiera gvmnorrhiza populations in southern China are analyzed using the box-counting method of fractal theory.The patterns of B.gymnorrhiza populations could be thought of as fractals as they exhibit self-similarity within the range of seale considered.Their fractal dimensions are not integer but fractional.ranging from 1.04 to 1.51.The unoccupied dimensions change from 0.49 to 0.96.The combined conditions of population density.pattern type and aggregation intensity together influence the values of fractal dimensions of patterns.The box counting is a useful and efficient method to investigate the complexity of patterns.Fractal dimension may be a most desirable and appropriate index for quantifying the horizontal spatial microstructure and fractal behaviors of patterns over a certain range of scales. 相似文献
20.
The fractal characteristic change in the Huanghe River Estuary due to the hydrodynamic conditions'' variation 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Abstract-The study area lies in the subaqueous delta, which came into being in 1964～1976. Oneoil-field road has been built for exploring petroleum to form a wave barrier. The hydrodynamic conditionson the north side of the road are relatively violent, on the contrary the hydrodynamic conditions on thesouth side of the road are nearly placid. This makes the study area a natural laboratory for studying theinfluence of the hydrodynamic conditions on the fractal characteristics of the tidal flat. Selecting an areais named Case Ⅰ on the side of stronger hydrodynamic activities and an area is named Case Ⅱ on the otherside. Measuring the topography and sampling and analyzing the granulometrical comoposition, it is foundthat the hydrodynamic conditions have fatal influence on the surface fractal dimensions and the granulo-metrical fractal dimensions of the area. In Case Ⅰ, which has strong hydrodynamic conditions, the sur-face fractal dimensions are obviously large than those of Case Ⅱ, and the granulometr 相似文献