共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(5)
饱和度是评价天然气水合物资源量的重要参数之一,不同海域由于水合物微观赋存状态差异,评价方法不同。大量水合物钻探取心显示在珠江口盆地不同海域发现了不同类型的水合物,在东部海域发现了呈脉状、块状、结核状等裂隙内形成肉眼可视的水合物,而神狐海域发现了呈分散状充填在孔隙空间不同饱和度的水合物,两种不同类型水合物层的测井异常响应特征不同,评价饱和度方法不同。研究表明东部海域基于各向异性电阻率模型估算的水合物饱和度与压力取心吻合,近海底发育的水合物层饱和度相对较低,约为10%,而基于各向同性模型估算水合物饱和度高达60%,远大于压力取心饱和度。在碳酸盐岩层,基于未固结地层各向同性与各向异性估算水合物饱和度大于氯离子异常估算水合物饱和度,而利用胶结模式估算水合物饱和度与氯离子吻合。利用地震资料,以测井为约束利用稀疏脉冲反演地层的速度或波阻抗,结合不同岩石物理模型分析,再通过线性拟合或循环迭代方法可以估算水合物饱和度体,研究水合物的空间分布。通过沿稳定带底界提取水合物饱和度属性,发现神狐海域水合物呈不均匀分布,在局部峡谷脊部呈条带状特征。 相似文献
2.
针对南海神狐海区含天然气水合物的高孔隙度、以粉砂质黏土为主的未固结的深水沉积地层,采用Lee提出的改进的Biot-Gassmann(BGTL)模型,利用纵波速度数据估算了A井天然气水合物的饱和度。BGTL模型假设非固结沉积地层的横波速度与纵波速度比与地层骨架的横波速度与纵波速度比与地层孔隙度有关。模型中参数的选择与天然气水合物在沉积物中的赋存方式、沉积物的矿物组成、地层压差、孔隙度及微观孔隙结构等参数密切相关。A井中天然气水合物在沉积物中赋存模式接近于颗粒骨架支撑模式。根据岩心分析资料将A井的矿物骨架简化为黏土矿物、碳酸盐、陆源碎屑3类,根据各矿物组分的理论弹性参数和体积百分比可以计算得到地层骨架的弹性模量和密度。应用BGTL理论估算得到的A井天然气水合物主要赋存于海底以下195～220mbsf井段,饱和度多数为20%～40%,最大饱和度为47%左右,与实测结果吻合。 相似文献
3.
天然气水合物是全球未来能源的接替资源，高饱和度(Sh>50%)水合物储层是未来面向工业化开采的首要选择。截止到目前，高饱和度天然气水合物有利沉积相带与储层条件之间的关系仍缺乏系统研究。根据公开发表的文献资料，系统总结了墨西哥湾、日本南海海槽、韩国郁陵盆地、印度Krishna-Godavari盆地以及南海神狐海域等全球5个天然气水合物热点钻探区64口井取芯及井-震联合资料，对含水合物储层岩性、沉积环境、水合物饱和度等参数进行的详细总结分析表明：在必要的温压环境和气源条件下，深海平原区块体搬运沉积和浊流等高沉积速率的深水砂质沉积物赋存孔隙型水合物，水合物可分布在砂岩、极细砂岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质黏土和泥等粒级沉积物中，但高饱和度水合物主要赋存于粉砂-细砂岩中，储层孔隙度与饱和度具有一定的正相关性。中国南海神狐海域发现含有孔虫黏土质粉砂或粉砂质黏土这种特殊的细粒沉积物，其水合物饱和度可达到中高水平(20%～76%)。上述研究成果及认识奠定了下一步寻找优质天然气水合物储层的地质基础，也可为高饱和度水合物商业化勘探开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
为了探讨甲烷通量或SMT对自生碳酸盐岩埋深和水合物饱和度的影响，综述了第六届国际水合物论文集中的相关论文得出如下结论：海底发生富含甲烷的孔隙水渗漏和甲烷气的排出，有利于海底自生碳酸盐岩的沉积；甲烷通量和海底侵蚀可能控制了自生碳酸盐岩和SMT的埋深，然而，甲烷通量或SMT埋深是否控制沉积物中水合物的饱和度目前尚无定论。 相似文献
5.
位于南卡罗来纳近海的布莱克海台的海洋地震数据及测井表明：含有气体水合物的沉积层覆盖于含游离气的沉积层之上，造成了明显的地震似海底反射（BSRs)。我们将一个理论的岩石物理模型应用到二维的布莱克海台海洋地震数据，以确定气体水合物与游离气的饱和度。高孔隙度的海洋沉积物可以模拟为一个颗粒状的系统，其弹性波速度与孔隙度、有效压力、矿物成分、孔隙充填物的弹性属性以及孔隙空间中水、气体及气体水合物的饱和度相关。将此模型应用到地震数据时，我们首先通过叠加速度分析获得层速度。其次，除孔隙度，水、气和气体水合物的饱和度等参数外，通过地质信息获得岩石物理模型的其他输入参数。为了从层速度信息中估算孔隙度和饱和度，我们首先假定整个沉积物中不含气体水合物或游离气，然后，根据岩石物理模型由层速度直接计算孔隙度。在气体水合物与游离气出现的区域，这些孔隙度的数据特征出现异常（无气体水合物或游离气的沉积物中期望的标准数据特征与获得的数据特征相比较而言），低估水合物区域中的孔隙度，而高估含游离气区域的孔隙度。我们用带有异常值的孔隙度数据减去标准的孔隙度特征数据（不含气体水合物和气体）来计算剩余孔隙度。然后,我们应用岩石物理模型剔除气体水合物或气体饱和度引起的异常，最终获得理想的二维饱和度图。因此，这样得到的气体水合物最大饱和度占孔隙空间的13－18％之间（取决于所用模式的型式）。在布莱克海台钻井中（不在地震测线上）测量的饱和度大约为12％，这与计算结果一致，游离气体的饱和度在1－2％之间变化。饱和度的估算值对于输入的速度值相当敏感，因此，采用准确的速度对得到合理的储层特性相当关键。 相似文献
6.
海底天然气水合物储层和低阻沉积围岩之间存在明显的电阻率差异,观测这种电阻率差异所产生的电磁异常,有可能确定天然气水合物的分布范围和饱和度。通过建立不同孔隙度和天然气水合物饱和度的一维地电模型,分析时间域海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)响应和有效异常的特征,探讨时间域海洋CSEM法探测海底天然气水合物的可行性。 相似文献
7.
ChristineEcker 《海洋地质》2002,(1):10-20
南卡罗莱纳布莱克海台的海洋地震数据和测井表明明显的似每底反射（BSR）是由含天然气水合物的沉积层覆盖在含游离气的沉积上所形成。我们将一个理论的岩石物理模型应用到二维的布莱克海台海洋地震数据上以确定天然气水合物及游离气的饱和状态。高孔隙度海洋沉积作为一个粒状的系统建立模型，在这样的系统中弹性波速度与孔隙度、有效压力、矿物、孔隙充填物的弹性性质地、水、以及孔隙中天然气水合物的饱和度联系在一起。为了将这种模型应用到地震数据上，首先我们使用迭加速度分析得到层，然后通过地质信息估算出孔隙度和饱和度，我们首先假设沉积物中没含天然气水合物或游离气，然后使用岩石物理模型直接从层速度计算孔隙度。这种孔隙度剖面在有天然气水合物及游离气的地方表现出异常（与所期望的典型剖面以及在无天然气水合物或游离气存在的沉积中得出的剖面相比较）。在含天然气水合物的地方孔隙度估算不足而在含游离气存在的沉积度估算过高。从这些异常剖面中，通过与典型孔隙度剖面（不含天然气水合物及游离气）相减计算出孔隙度的剩余值。然后，通过引入天然气水合物或游离气的饱和度，应用岩石物理模型消去这些异常。这样一来就得出了所期望的二维饱和度分布图。我们得出最大的天然气水合饱和度介于孔隙空间的13%到18%（取决于所用模型版本的不同而有所变化）。这些饱和度数值与布莱克海台的测井结果（在地震测线边上）相吻合，测井的结果为12%。游离气的饱和度在1%和2%之间。饱和度的估算对输入的速度值极为敏感，因此精确的速度确定对储量的改正十分关键。 相似文献
8.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(1)
海底天然气水合物储层和低阻沉积围岩之间存在明显的电阻率差异,观测这种电阻率差异所产生的电磁异常,有可能确定天然气水合物的分布范围和饱和度。通过建立不同孔隙度和天然气水合物饱和度的一维地电模型,分析时间域海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)响应和有效异常的特征,探讨时间域海洋CSEM法探测海底天然气水合物的可行性。 相似文献
9.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(6)
天然气水合物的成藏与其所处地质构造环境密切相关,陆缘地区天然气水合物成藏地质模式可分为成岩型、构造型和复合型三类。成岩型水合物主要受沉积因素控制,成藏气体以浅层生物成因气为主,水合物大多呈分散状存在于相对渗透层中,丰度较低。构造型水合物主要受构造因素控制,由热成因气或者混合气从较深部位沿断裂、泥火山或其他通道快速运移至水合物稳定域而形成,水合物主要分布在构造活动带周围,丰度较高。复合型水合物同时受到成岩作用和构造作用控制,水合物主要分布在构造活动带周围的相对渗透层中。 相似文献
10.
印度国家天然气水合物计划(NGHP01)于2016年实施第1次钻探,证实了天然气水合物在印度大陆边缘的广泛分布。选择位于克里希纳-戈达瓦里盆地(KG盆地)的NGHP01-07D和NGHP01-15A钻孔,基于测井数据和岩心样品估算天然气水合物饱和度,分析天然气水合物赋存状态并探讨其形成机制。基于各向同性介质模型利用电阻率和声波测井计算NGHP01-15A钻孔的天然气水合物饱和度为0. 2%～33. 0%,平均值为9. 6%,在NGHP01-07D钻孔利用电阻率计算获得的天然气水合物饱和度高于岩心氯离子异常和气体释放获得的结果,但是基于各向同性岩石物理模型利用声波测井计算的天然气水合物饱和度与岩心结果一致,平均值为5. 0%。前人研究认为NGHP01-10D钻孔中天然气水合物以相对较高饱和度富集在高角度裂隙中。结合前人研究结果推断在克里希纳-戈达瓦里盆地存在3种不同的天然气水合物储层,即泥岩中砂质夹层各向同性储层、泥质/粉砂质高角度低连通性的低饱和度裂隙储层和泥岩中高角度高连通性的高饱和度裂隙储层,并提出对应的3种天然气水合物储层模型。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.