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1.
设计并完成了野外大比例(1:2)土-箱形基础-框架结构相互作用系统顶部小幅激振试验.通过改变上部结构质量和基础侧限埋深,激振试验得到了同一基础不同上部结构质量与同一上部结构不同基础侧限埋深等5种工况下相互作用对系统自振频率及箱形基础阻抗函数的影响.由试验结果分析可知,当上部结构质量增加时,上部结构与土体间的相对刚度降低,相互作用对系统自振频率的影响减弱;同时由于上部结构和基础间惯性相互作用的影响,基础阻抗函数随上部结构质量的增加而增加.随着基础侧限埋深的减小,基础刚度降低,相互作用体现得更加明显.与理论结果相比,无侧限埋深基础的平动和转动基础阻抗值和理论值吻合较好.由于基础侧边回填土剪切模量小于基础底部土体剪切模量,所以同理论值相比试验得到的基础侧限埋深对基础阻抗影响系数相对较小. 相似文献
2.
设计并完成了野外大比例(1∶2)土-箱形基础-框架结构相互作用系统顶部小幅激振试验。通过改变上部结构质量和基础侧限埋深,激振试验得到了同一基础不同上部结构质量与同一上部结构不同基础侧限埋深等5种工况下相互作用对系统自振频率及箱形基础阻抗函数的影响。由试验结果分析可知,当上部结构质量增加时,上部结构与土体间的相对刚度降低,相互作用对系统自振频率的影响减弱;同时由于上部结构和基础间惯性相互作用的影响,基础阻抗函数随上部结构质量的增加而增加。随着基础侧限埋深的减小,基础刚度降低,相互作用体现得更加明显。与理论结果相比,无侧限埋深基础的平动和转动基础阻抗值和理论值吻合较好。由于基础侧边回填土剪切模量小于基础底部土体剪切模量,所以同理论值相比试验得到的基础侧限埋深对基础阻抗影响系数相对较小。 相似文献
3.
断层是造成埋地管线破坏的最重要原因。简化埋地管线小变形段为等效边界弹簧,对管材为三折线本构模型的等效边界弹簧本构方程进行了推导。基于ANSYS软件的有限元概率设计系统,考虑了管线外径、壁厚、内压、埋深及走滑断层位错量等随机输入变量,运用蒙特卡罗方法进行了软土、中等土、硬土3种场地走滑断层位错作用下钢质埋地管线的可靠性分析。研究发现:管线应变和失效概率随场地硬度提高显著增大,而应力增大不明显;三种场地走滑断层位错作用下,对应变的敏感性从高到底依次为走滑断层位错量、壁厚、埋深、内压。研究完善和丰富了该方面理论,为埋地管线抗震设计提供了一些合理且经济的建议。 相似文献
4.
常规土类动剪切模量比和阻尼比试验研究 总被引：63，自引：9，他引：54
采用共振柱自振试验方法给出国内常规土类动剪切模量比G／Gmax和阻尼比λ变化的平均曲线,推荐值和包线,使用的共振仪是由工种力学研究所原有共振柱改装而成,并经试验验证了改装后仪器的精度可靠性,试验土类包括粘土,粉质土,粉土,砂土,淤泥和淤泥质土,土样来自国内十余个不同地区,采用折线双曲线拟合G／Gmax,λ随γ衰减关系,其中参数a和b由最小二乘法对每次试验结果回归分析得到,对同类土,将所有的a,b 值平均,用均值a和b给出动剪切模量比和阻尼比与剪应变关系,从而得到了此类土G/Gmax,λ随γ变化曲线及推荐值,试验是在两种固结压力下进行,因而得到的结构分别适用于土体埋深小于10m和埋深10m-20m之间的两种情况。 相似文献
5.
地下管线探测是测绘和物探专业相结合的一项工作,对地下非金属管线探测目前最适用的方法是探地雷达法.为提高探地雷达探测地下管线的效率和探测准确性,使管线探测专业人士可以更好的掌握探地雷达探测地下管线技术,本文通过理论分析探地雷达探测地下管线的工作原理及在北京市近45000 km地下管线基础信息普查工作中大量实验,对不同管径、不同埋深、不同材质的管线进行雷达探测,对比分析各种管线雷达图像的特征.文章分析出管线管径的不同表现在雷达图上是抛物线水平距离跨度的不同,管径越大,水平距离跨度越大.管线埋深的不同则表现在雷达图抛物线拖尾部分水平距离不同,埋深越深则拖尾部分跨度更长.不同管径和埋深的管线在探测的时候需要采用不同中心频率的雷达天线进行探测.管线材质的不同则特征更明显,直接表现在有无多次波出现和多次波的强弱、是否屏蔽深层有效信号、同相轴相位表现形式及波形特征等各个方面.该研究成果可指导今后城市地下管线普查和管线竣工验收时的管线探测工作. 相似文献
6.
《世界地震译丛》2017,(6)
观测结果表明,主震之前呈现异常b值。即将来临的主震前b值异常时间与主震震级有关,关系式为log(T)=q+rM,式中q和r为两个常数。本研究将解释这个关系式的内涵。此外,还将探索主震前形成b值异常的机制。根据基于Knopoff-Burridge弹簧—滑块模型的数值模拟结果,Wang(1995)发现b与s之间存在幂律关系,其中参数s是两个滑块之间的弹簧常数(K)和滑块与移动板块之间的常数(L)的比值。累积频度的幂律关系式为b~s~(-2/3),离散频度的关系式为b~s-1/2。因为震源区的L值在很长时段内几乎是常数,所以b直接与K有关。较小(较大)的K导致了较高(较低)的b值。Wang(2012)发现K=ρAV_P~2,式中ρA和VP分别是断裂带的面密度和P波速度。试验结果表明,VP受岩石中含水饱和度的严重影响。由于震源区内含水饱和度随时间而变化,所以VP及K也随时间变化。因此导致了b值也随时间而变化。 相似文献
7.
采用等效弹簧边界分析埋地管线在沉陷情况下的反应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
场地的不均匀沉陷是导致埋地管线破坏重要原因之一.到目前为止,国内外对沉陷区埋地管线的反应分析甚少.为了真实地分析管线在沉陷情况下的反应,通过引入一个非线性弹簧,作为分析埋地管线在沉陷情况下反应的边界条件,以代替远处直线段管线的变形,将管线模拟成四节点薄壳单元,土介质简化为弹塑性弹簧,采用线性位移加载来模拟土体的沉陷作用,对有限元模型进行计算分析.通过实例计算,得出了管线的控制力,找出了管线的控制截面,为沉陷区埋地管线的设计提供一定的理论依据. 相似文献
8.
研究了管线的一系列电磁场特征,介绍了特深管线探测应用状况,通过实例分析了从1 m到21 m了不同埋深直线电流及强电流3~21 m情况下的电磁场Hx、Hz、ΔHx 〖WTBZ〗的归一化异常的分布特征 , 提出了对特深管线探测的对策,即频率、电流、远端接地等提高信噪比的技术对策,提出了确定地下金属管线平面位置、埋深的方法,利用水平磁场分量70%法确定管线深度的适用条件,分析了特深管线探测的干扰因素,广州市3个特深管线的探测成功实例,说明了方法的良好效果. 相似文献
9.
SH波在浅埋多个圆孔处的散射与地震动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了以任意方向入射的平面SH波在浅埋多个圆孔处的散射与地震动问题。利用SH散射的对称性和多极坐标方法构造了问题的位移解。当入射波的波长与圆孔的半径相比较小时,地震动将受到较大的影响。影响地震动有三个主要参数:(1)SH波的入射角α0;(2)入射波波数η,即圆形孔洞的半径与入射波半波长之比;(3)诸圆孔的埋置情况,诸孔的埋深hi/ai、孔心距Di/ai,即圆形孔洞至表面距离与圆半径之比和圆形孔洞中心的距离与半径之比。当η较大时,地震动幅值变化激烈,位移幅值可出现跳动和放大的现象。当诸圆孔的最小埋深量hi/ai和孔心距Di/ai超过10-12时,位移幅值恢复至半空间单一圆孔散射的情况,表明圆形孔洞的影响可被忽略。 相似文献
10.
砂土液化是埋地管道遭受地震破坏的主要原因之一。液化土对管道产生上浮力,使管道发生上浮反应,它是随地震发生时间而变化的动态过程。将地震载荷作用下的液化区埋土管道模拟成两端弹性支承的直梁模型,考虑管-土间的相互作用和管内流体与管道之间的流固耦合作用,采用模态叠加法对液化区埋地管道进行地震响应的动态分析,探讨了管道和液化土参数对管道动态上浮反应的影响。通过数值仿真得到了管内流体的流速、流体压力、流体密度、管截面轴向力,管道黏弹系数、液化土容重和相对弹簧系数、地震加速度幅值等因素对管道上浮位移的影响情况。 相似文献
11.
The evaluation of the wave-induced pore pressure around a buried pipeline is particularly important for pipeline engineers involved in the design of offshore pipelines. Most previous investigations of the wave-induced dynamic response around an offshore pipeline have limited to two-dimensional cases. In this paper, a three-dimensional model including buried pipeline is established, based on the existing DYNE3WAC models. Based on the proposed numerical model and poro-elastic soil material assumption, the effects of wave and soil characteristics, such as wave period, water depth, shear modulus and permeability, and configuration of pipelines, such as pipeline radius and pipeline buried depth, on the wave-induced excess pore pressure will be examined. Numerical results indicated that the normalized excess pore pressures versus z/h near the pipeline increase as the obliquity angle, wave period and water depth increase, and they decrease as the burial depth and radius of pipeline increase above the pipeline. Soil permeability has obvious influence on the wave-induced normalized excess pore pressure, and different soil material will result in distinct computation results. 相似文献
12.
本文在以前研究的基础上,对场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮的影响因素进行了较为全面的研究,包括液化土的弹簧刚度、管道的初始变形、液化区长度、管道的初始轴力、管道材料、管道半径等的影响.得到了一些有益的结论. 相似文献
13.
管土摩擦和管径对埋地管道破坏的影响分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
如何分析管土摩擦和管径对埋地管道地震破坏的影响,是城市地下管道建设中面临的突出问题。采用AD INA软件的定义体操作来选择体类型,并应用布尔操作实现了管道与土体和断层之间的融合,得到地下管道破坏分析的几何模型。通过模型参数选择,确定了岩土性质、管道特性、断层等模型参数,定义了管土摩擦、地震荷载时间函数、断层位移荷载。依据计算结果,分析了管土摩擦和管径对地下管道地震破坏的影响,找出了提高埋地管道抵抗破坏能力的摩擦系数和管径最优值,给出了几点工程建议。 相似文献
14.
The concept of the distribution coefficient is invoked to rationalize the observed dependence of the watershed residence time of a radionuclide on its nature. A mathematical model is presented to show that this residence time is proportional to the dimensionless field distribution coefficient of the radionuclide. The proportionality constant, β, is defined as the ratio of the volume of rain-impacted soil in the watershed and the annual volume of rainfall in the watershed or expressed as the ratio between the water penetration depth in soil and the annual thickness of water above the soil surface. An empirical evaluation of β supports our assumption of its constancy in a given watershed. The described model may be very useful in deciphering the impact of atmospherically delivered pollutants on watershed quality. Expressions are also derived to estimate the value of soil erosion constant using naturally occurring radionuclides. 相似文献
15.
编制完全耦合的三维排水有效应力动力反应分析程序，对可液化地基进行三维地震响应分析，探讨了不同土性参数、不同土层构成和不同附加压重等因素对可液化地基抗液化性能的影响。结果表明：在地震荷载作用下，天然饱和砂土地基中的超孔隙水压力随深度的增大而增大；在不同深度处，超孔压峰值到达的时刻比地震加速度峰值到达的时刻要晚；随输入地震加速度的减弱，深层处的超孔压开始消散或基本保持不变，浅层处的超孔压保持不变或略有上升，这一现象与土性参数、输入地震荷载的情况等因素有关；土性参数对土体本身的抗液化性能有重要影响，初始孔隙比越小，相对密度越大，土体的抗液化能力越强；附加压重有利于地基抗液化能力的提高；随着附加压重的增大，超孔压比减小；附加压重对地基中超孔隙水压力的增长有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
16.
Shantanu Joshi Amit Prashant Arghya Deb Sudhir K. Jain 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
Presently available simplified analytical methods and semi-empirical methods for the analysis of buried pipelines subjected to fault motion are suitable only for the strike-slip and the normal-slip type fault motions, and cannot be used for the reverse fault crossing case. A simple finite element model, which uses beam elements for the pipeline and discrete nonlinear springs for the soil, has been proposed to analyse buried pipeline subjected to reverse fault motion. The material nonlinearities associated with pipe-material and soil, and geometric nonlinearity associated with large deformations were incorporated in the analysis. Complex reverse fault motion was simulated using suitable constraints between pipe-nodes and ground ends of the soil spring. Results of the parametric study suggest that the pipeline's capacity to accommodate reverse fault offset can be increased significantly by choosing a near-parallel orientation in plan with respect to the fault line. Further improvement in the response of the pipeline is possible by adopting loose backfill, smooth and hard surface coating, and shallow burial depth in the fault crossing region. For normal or near normal orientations, pipeline is expected to fail due to beam buckling at very small fault offsets. 相似文献
17.
The evaluation of the wave-induced excess pore pressure around a buried pipeline is particularly important for pipeline engineers involved in the design of offshore pipelines. Existing models for the wave-induced seabed response around submarine pipeline have been limited to poro-elastic soil behavior and de-coupled oscillatory and residual mechanisms for the rise in excess pore water pressure. To overcome the shortcoming of the existing models, in this study a three-dimensional poro-elasto-plastic soil model with submarine pipeline is established, in which both oscillatory and residual mechanisms can be simulated simultaneously. With the proposed model, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the relative differences of the predictions of the wave-induced pore pressure with poro-elasto-plastic model. Based on numerical examples, it can be concluded that the poro-elasto-plastic behaviors of soil have more significant influence on wave-induced pore pressure of seabed around submarine pipeline. As the seabed depth increases, the normalized pore pressures decrease rapidly at the upper part of seabed, and then change slightly at the lower part of the seabed. Soil permeability and wave period have obvious influence on the wave-induced normalized pore pressure. 相似文献
18.
利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了由场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮反应的分析模型。用土弹簧模型模拟地下管道的受力特点,考虑了管土之间相互作用的非线性特征,通过算例分析了管道在发生上浮反应时的应力应变曲线,探讨了液化区埋地管道在发生上浮位移时的受力特征,得出了一些有意义的结果。主要有:管线的应力应变以轴向为主,并且管顶和管底的受力最大,管侧相对于管顶和管底轴向应力应变很小可以忽略;最大应变位于液化区和非液化区交界处;管线中点处等效应力达到极值等等。 相似文献
19.
The influence of freeze–thaw cycles of active soil layer on surface runoff in a permafrost watershed
As a result of global warming, the discharges from rivers in permafrost regions have varied significantly. However, its mechanism remains unclear. One of possible factors is active soil freeze–thaw cycle, which may influence surface runoff in the variation of permafrost water cycle processes. In this study, a typical permafrost watershed in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau was selected, its hydrological processes were monitored from 2004 to 2007, and the effects of the freezing and thawing depth of the soil active layer on runoff processes were assessed. The runoff modulus, runoff coefficient, direct runoff ratio, recession gradient and their seasonal variations were estimated and analyzed. The active soil dynamics and water budget were analyzed to prove the features of the surface runoff and the influences of active soil freeze–thaw processes. The primary factors influencing surface runoff processes during different seasons were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and statistical regression methods. The results showed that the high runoff coefficient and low direct runoff ratio were the main characteristics during the spring flood period (May–June) and during the autumn recession period (September). The runoff modulus and its year-to-year variability were the greatest in the summer flood period. The direct runoff ratio decreased from 0.43 in May to 0.29 in September, with the exception of the highest ratio, which occurred during the summer recession period (July). The active soil thawing in the upper layer of depth of 60 cm had contributed to increase in discharge, but the increase in thawing depth deeper than 60 cm led to a decrease in surface runoff and slowness in the recession process. Precipitation played a small role in the spring flood runoff and the autumn runoff. The soil active layer freeze–thaw variation, which affected seasonal soil water dynamic and water budget and reformed seasonal runoff characteristics, along with vegetation cover changes, is considered the potential major factor in control of the hydrological processes in the permafrost region. 相似文献
20.
Organized spatial distribution of plants (plant zonation) in salt marshes has been linked to the soil aeration condition in the rhizosphere through simplistic tidal inundation parameters. Here, a soil saturation index (ratio of saturation period to tidal period at a soil depth) is introduced to describe the soil aeration condition. This new index captures the effects of not only the tidal inundation period and frequency but also the flow dynamics of groundwater in the marsh soil. One‐dimensional numerical models based on saturated flow with the Boussinesq approximations and a two‐dimensional variably saturated flow model were developed to explore the behaviour of this new soil aeration variable under the influence of spring‐neap tides. Simulations revealed two characteristic zones of soil aeration across the salt marsh: a relatively well aerated near‐creek zone and a poorly aerated interior zone. In the near‐creek zone, soils undergo periodic wetting and drying as the groundwater table fluctuates throughout the spring‐neap cycle. In the interior, the soil remains largely water saturated except for neap tide periods when limited drainage occurs. Although such a change of soil aeration condition has been observed in previous numerical simulations, the soil saturation index provides a clear delineation of the zones that are separated by an ‘inflexion point’ on the averaged index curve. The results show how the saturation index represents the effects of soil properties, tidal parameters and marsh platform elevation on marsh soil aeration. Simulations of these combined effects have not been possible with traditional tidal inundation parameters. The saturation index can be easily derived using relatively simple models based on five non‐dimensional variables. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献