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1.
江汉油田废弃油基钻井液处理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
根据江汉油田废弃油基钻井液特点,采用化学破乳法处理该废弃油基钻井液,在废弃油基钻井液中加入破乳剂、絮凝剂和混凝剂.结果表明:油回收率达到94.2%,芬顿氧化处理后的废水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级标准,COD去除率达到97.35%,色度去除率达到95.83%;经过固化剂固化96h后,泥渣固化物紧密度达到Ⅳ级,固化物浸出液达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级标准,能够实现江汉油田废弃油基钻井液无害化处理.  相似文献   

2.
为解决低渗透油藏生产过程中由于物性条件差导致的注水效果差、驱替能力弱问题,以胜利石油磺酸盐作为表面活性剂,研究油水界面张力和压降因数等,分析胜利石油磺酸盐对储层渗流的改善作用.结果表明:降低油水界面张力有利于减小水驱毛管阻力,从而降低水驱压差;胜利石油磺酸盐与史深100区块的原油具有良好的相似相容性能,质量浓度为4 g...  相似文献   

3.
针对叙利亚低渗碳酸盐岩稠油油藏前期蒸汽吞吐中存在的注汽压力高、注汽效果差、原油黏度高、开采效率低等问题,采用石油磺酸盐、α烯烃磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯醚、希夫碱为原料复配了一种热采辅助驱油剂XLYO-1。室内测试结果表明,该驱油剂是一种优良的多功能驱油剂,在经过300℃高温处理之后,界面张力达到10-2 mN/m,在驱油剂质量分数较低情况下对叙利亚高含硫原油降黏率在90%以上,并体现出良好的润湿反转性能,将亲油储层转变为亲水储层。在室内蒸汽驱替实验中,该驱油剂降低了注汽压力,延缓了蒸汽突破时间,最终提高了驱替效率。   相似文献   

4.
探讨了培养温度、pH、光照、种龄、接种量以及培养时间等培养条件对破囊壶菌ThraustochytriumroseumMF2生长及其产DHA的影响。结果表明 ,T roseumMF2生长及其产DHA的适宜条件为 :培养温度 2 5℃、初始pH值 6～ 7、种龄 4 8h、接种量 4 %、培养时间 4d ,生物量达到 1 0 4g L ,DHA产量达到1 2 6 6mg L。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】开发废弃聚丙烯源的多孔碳材料。【方法】以等规聚丙烯(IPP)和无规聚丙烯(APP)的合金为起始原料,经过磺酸化和碳化反应制备聚烯烃合金基多孔碳,并利用红外光谱(FTIR)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)对聚丙烯合金及其碳化材料的结构和形貌进行表征,最后以罗丹明b为模型染料研究得到多孔碳的吸附特性。【结果】DSC研究发现,随着APP引入,IPP结晶度从约55%降至约32%。结晶度降低,有效促进磺酸化和交联。FTIR分析表明,磺酸化改性后,其分子骨架中不仅产生了特征的磺酸基团吸收信号,还产生了共轭碳碳双键的特征信号。研究还发现,当APP和IPP用量为1∶1时,其交联度可达约15%。SEM形貌观察发现,磺酸化改性样品均可实现成功碳化,且碳化后样品具有丰富的孔道结构。当APP和IPP用量为1∶1时,碳化率最高可达约14.0%。【结论】本研究制备多孔碳的方法具有高度可行性,当IPP与APP比例为1∶1时所制备的聚烯烃合金基多孔碳材料,其磺酸化效果最好、交联度最高、碳化率最高且吸附性能最好。  相似文献   

6.
针对传统表面活性剂在高温高盐油藏中适应性差的问题,研制一种耐温耐盐的甜菜碱型表面活性剂TCJ-5.利用表面张力仪和界面张力仪研究TCJ-5的界面特性、稳定性、吸附性,借助岩心流动实验评价它在高温高盐油藏中的驱油效率.结果表明:甜菜碱型表面活性剂TCJ-5溶液具有很高的表面活性,在质量分数为0.03%~0.05%的范围内油水之间的界面性能良好,在30~90℃的温度范围内,油水之间的界面张力能达到10-3 mN/m数量级的超低界面张力;在模拟油藏条件下,体系的耐盐能力能达到10×104 mg/L,在油藏温度90℃下100d内稳定性良好;在高温高盐油藏条件下,表面活性剂体系可在水驱基础上提高采收率幅度平均达21.37%.该驱油体系在高温高盐油藏中增油控水效果明显,具有广泛的应用前景.  相似文献   

7.
常用冻胶阀技术很难满足深井高温作业需求.为充分发挥欠平衡钻井优势,研制一种新型冻胶液,在高温下通过交联反应,形成作用力极强的空间网状结构及与井壁的黏结力,达到封隔压力的要求;评价抗温性、密封性、耐压性及破胶性等冻胶封隔压力所需的性能.结果表明,该冻胶抗温达160℃,与管壁具有很好的黏壁性,能有效密封井下压力,耐压强度高,并且破胶彻底,破胶液利于返排,不影响后续正常的钻完井作业.该技术可在高温井中有效封隔井下欠平衡作业引起的气体涌入,应用效果良好.  相似文献   

8.
奶牛隐性乳房炎发生规律探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对某奶牛场泌乳牛群隐性乳房炎的调查和分析 ,研究了奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生规律。结果表明 ,该场奶牛隐性乳房炎的阳性率为 31.4 2 %、乳区临诊阳性率达到 10 .6 0 % ;隐性乳房炎的发生随着胎次和泌乳时间的增加而增加 ;左乳区阳性率高于右侧 ,前乳区高于后乳区。在牛群(场 )里进行经常性的临床和实验室检验是必要的。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】哺乳动物pik3r1基因参与多种免疫途径,探索pik3r1基因在罗非鱼(Oreochromis)中的作用。【方法】克隆尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)pik3r1(命名为On-pik3r1)cDNA全长,对该基因进行生物信息学分析,并运用荧光定量PCR方法分析无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)刺激后On-pik3r1 mRNA在各组织种的表达模式。【结果与结论】On-pik3r1基因编码区2190 bp,编码729个氨基酸,5′端非编码区(UTR)为542 bp,3′UTR为2248 bp,理论分子质量为83.99 ku,等电点为5.73。On-pik3r1与斑马拟丽鱼(Maylandia zebra)相似性最高(98.53%),与其他物种的同源性在70%以上,表明pik3r1在物种进化过程中高度保守。On-pik3r1在健康尼罗罗非鱼各组织中均有表达,在肌肉中表达量最高,其次是鳃、皮肤,在胸腺中表达量最低。经灭活无乳链球菌刺激后,On-pik3r1表达量在肠道、鳃、脾脏、头肾、脑部等5个组织中均极显著下调(P<0.01),在胸腺中表现为4 h时极显著下调(P<0.01),24、48、72 h时为显著下调(P<0.05)。On-pik3r1参与了罗非鱼的对无乳链球菌的免疫应答过程。  相似文献   

10.
波纹巴非蛤肉的食品化学特性及其在鱼糜制品中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
对波纹巴非蛤肉进行的食品化学特性研究表明 :其贝肉的粗蛋白含量为 70 .6 % (干基 ) ;蛋白质营养价高 ,氨基酸价为 85(第 1限制氨基酸为 Trp) ,并富含 Glu(10 0 g样品中 2 .2 g;以下单位同 )、Asp(1.4 7g)等呈味氨基酸及提取物成分 ,Ca、Fe等无机质含量丰富。波纹巴非蛤肉以 30 %的比例添加到蛇鲻鱼糜中 ,可制得具有贝类风味 ,色泽、弹性良好的“花甲螺丸”  相似文献   

11.
通过实验研究,用甲苯磺酸作催化剂的呋喃树脂自硬砂与稀土镁作催化剂生产的球铁件,通常在其铸件表层出现异常组织。提出导致异常组织产生的原因,同时又降低了试件的冲击值,并且采用反应型或屏蔽型涂料将可防止球铁件表层异常组织缺陷,为生产性能良好的球铁件提供技术依据。  相似文献   

12.
新型壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物的合成与表征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用甲磺酸作为溶剂兼作氨基保护试剂,对壳聚糖上的羟基选择性酯化,再游离出氨基并对其氯乙酰化,最后进行吡啶成盐,得到新型水溶性的壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物,产物的结构通过核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱进行了表征,从而为壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物的制备提供了一种新途径。  相似文献   

13.
Monthly difference of the chemical composition of oyster cultured along the eastern coast of Shandong Province was analyzed. The components analyzed included glycogen, fatty acid and free amino acid （FAA）. The content of glycogen was high in January and March （2.89 and 2.82 g（100 g） ^-1 on average, respectively） and low in October （2.07g（100g）^- 1 on average）. The low content of neutral lipids in October reflected a relatively poor nutritional value of oyster （1.42 g（ 100 g）^- 1 on average）. The main fatty acids of oyster were palmitic acid （16：0）, oleic acid （18： 1）, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA, 20： 5（0 3） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA, 22：6（0 3）. The major FAAs of oyster were Taurine, Glutamicacid, Glycin, Alanine, Arginine and Proline. Taurine was the most abundant FAA with its content ranging from 603 mg（100 g） ^-1 to 1 139 mg（ 100 g） ^-1. The high contents of glycogen, polyunsaturated fatty acid and FAA showed that oyster cultured along the eastern coast of Shandong Province was nutritionally good in January and March.  相似文献   

14.
The gonads of sea urchins(Strongylocentrotus intermedius) are characterized by high levels of arachidonic acid(ARA, 20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, 20:5 n-3). However, to our knowledge, little information is available regarding the physiological response of adult sea urchins to dietary ARA. In the present study, four dietary feeds were formulated with graded ARA(0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% dry diet). Each diet was randomly allocated to three cages during a 56-day feeding experiment. The results showed that the sea urchin weight gain rate(WGR) and the gonadosomatic index(GI) significantly increased as ARA was equal to or above 1.0% of dry diet(P 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and total anti-oxidative capacity(T-AOC) were the highest in the coelomic fluid of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. The total essential amino acid(TEAA) and its ratio to total non-essential amino acid(TNEAA) showed a similar tendency to WGR and GI as dietary ARA increased, and the highest TEAA and TEAA/TNEAA were observed in the gonads of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. Levels of ARA and ARA/EPA of the gonads increased while n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) decreased with the increase of dietary ARA(P 0.05). EPA in the gonads of experimental animals fed with formulated feeds showed no significant differences(P 0.05), but was significantly lower than those fed with kelp(P 0.05). These results suggested that relatively higher levels of ARA(1% dry diet) significantly promoted growth, gonad development, activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as nutritional values(TEAA, TEAA/TNEAA, and PUFA) of adult S. intermedius.  相似文献   

15.
Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),a carnivorous fish species with high dietary protein requirement,was chosen to examine the expression pattern of peptide and amino acid transporter genes along its digestive tract which was divided into six segments including stomach,pyloric caeca,rectum,and three equal parts of the remainder of the intestine.The results showed that the expression of two peptide and eleven amino acid transporters genes exhibited distinct patterns.Peptide transporter 1(Pep T1) was rich in proximal intestine while peptide transporter 2(PepT2) was abundant in distal intestine.A number of neutral and cationic amino acid transporters expressed richly in whole intestine including B~0-type amino acid transporter 1(B~0AT1),L-type amino acid transporter 2(LAT2),T-type amino acid transporter 1(TAT1),proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),y~+L-type amino acid transporter 1(y~+LAT1),and cationic amino acid transporter 2(CAT2) while ASC amino acid transporter 2(ASCT2),sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2(SNAT2),and y~+L-type amino acid transporter 2(y~+LAT2) abundantly expressed in stomach.In addition,system b~(0,+) transporters(rBAT and b~(0,+)AT) existed richly in distal intestine.These findings comprehensively characterized the distribution of solute carrier family proteins,which revealed the relative importance of peptide and amino acid absorption through luminal membrane.Our findings are helpful to understand the mechanism of the utilization of dietary protein in fish with a short digestive tract.  相似文献   

16.
Fucoidan is such a polysaccharide that its hydroxies are easy to combine with lanthanons ion (CeⅣ) to form complex. This work obtained the complexes of three fucoidan oligosaccharides with different molecular weights F1( ＞5 000), F2(1 000-5 000) and F3( ＜ 1 000) by hydrolyzing Oligosaccharide collagen with sulfuric acid. It is found that the fucoidan oligosaccharide F3 can form complex with more CeⅣ than F1 and F2. Hydrolyzing collagen with the complex was carried out to produce amino acid and peptides. All the three fucoidan oligosaccharide complexes with CeⅣ( F1, F2, F3) can catalyze by the artificial hydrolytic enzyme, and the activity of the complex of F3 is the highest.  相似文献   

17.
Fucoidan is such a polysaccharide that its hydroxies are easy to combine with lanthanons ion (CeIV) to form complex. This work obtained the complexes of three fucoidan oligosaccharides with different molecular weights F1(>5000), F2 (1000-5000) and F3(<1000) by hydrolyzing Oligosaccharide collagen with sulfuric acid. It is found that the fucoidan oligosaccharide F3 can form complex with more CeIV than F1 and F2. Hydrolyzing collagen with the complex was carried out to produce amino acid and peptides. All the three fucoidan oligosaccharide complexes with CeIV( F1, F2, F3) can catalyze by the artificial hydrolytic enzyme, and the activity of the complex of F3 is the highest.  相似文献   

18.
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), a carnivorous fish species with high dietary protein requirement, was chosen to examine the expression pattern of peptide and amino acid transporter genes along its digestive tract which was divided into six segments including stomach, pyloric caeca, rectum, and three equal parts of the remainder of the intestine. The results showed that the expression of two peptide and eleven amino acid transporters genes exhibited distinct patterns. Peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was rich in proximal intestine while peptide transporter 2 (PepT2) was abundant in distal intestine. A number of neutral and cationic amino acid transporters expressed richly in whole intestine including B0-type amino acid transporter 1 (B0AT1), L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2), T-type amino acid transporter 1 (TAT1), proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1), y+L-type amino acid transporter 1 (y+LAT1), and cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CAT2) while ASC amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2), sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2), and y+L-type amino acid transporter 2 (y+LAT2) abundantly expressed in stomach. In addition, system b0,+ transporters (rBAT and b0,+AT) existed richly in distal intestine. These findings comprehensively characterized the distribution of solute carrier family proteins, which revealed the relative importance of peptide and amino acid absorption through luminal membrane. Our findings are helpful to understand the mechanism of the utilization of dietary protein in fish with a short digestive tract.  相似文献   

19.
A rapid method of microwave assisted acid hydrolysis was established to prepare κ-carra-oligosaccharides. The optimal hydrolysis condition was determined by an orthogonal test. The degree of polymerization(DP) of oligosaccharides was detected by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE). Considering the results of HPTLC and PAGE, the optimum condition of microwave assisted acid hydrolysis was determined. The concentration of κ-carrageenan was 5 mg m L-1; the reaction solution was adjusted to p H 3 with diluted hydrochloric acid; the solution was hydrolyzed under microwave irradiation at 100 for 15℃ min. Oligosaccharides were separated by a Superdex 30 column(2.6 cm × 90 cm) using AKTA Purifier UPC100 and detected with an online refractive index detector. Each fraction was characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS). The data showed that odd-numbered κ-carra-oligosaccharides with DP ranging from 3 to 21 could be obtained with this method, and the structures of the oligosaccharides were consistent with those obtained by traditional mild acid hydrolysis. The new method was more convenient, efficient and environment-friendly than traditional mild acid hydrolysis. Our results provided a useful reference for the preparation of oligosaccharides from other polysaccharides.  相似文献   

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