共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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3D GIS技术研究发展综述 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
回顾了3DGIS的发展进程,从三维空间数据获取,三维数据模型,三维空间数据管理和分析以及三维可视化技术4个方面综述了3DGIS技术的发展。探讨了目前研究3DGIS的4个热点问题:①数据源集成快速获取数据的方法;②不同数据模型的集成;③支持空间分析的面向对象的数据模型;④城市三维模型。 相似文献
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GIS中三维空间数据模型的集成与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对三维地理信息系统中的三维空间数据模型,结合城市规划工作,分析讨论了三维数据模型集成的必要性以及TIN与CSG、八叉树与TEN、矢量与栅格等混合数据模型实现的方法和思路,提出了在城市规划应用中模型集成的适用类型及有关要求. 相似文献
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基于剖分的三维拓扑ER模型研究 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
本文首先分析评述了目前三维ＧＩＳ空间拓扑数据模型研究状况,指出了Ｍａｒｔｉｅｎ Ｍｏｌｅｎｎａｒ的３Ｄ ＦＤＳ．,Ｍｏｒａｋｏｔ Ｐｉｌｏｕｋ等人的基于四面体的三维矢量数据模型等的局限性。继而根据笔者在三维空间实体及其相互间拓扑关系形式化描述方面的研究结果,分析研究了三维空间实体点、线、面、体与构成这些空间实体的ｋ－单纯形（０≤ｋ≤３）之间的实体关系,给出了相应的实体－关系（ＥＲ）图,提出了一个顾 相似文献
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通用三维GIS场数据模型研究与实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着三维地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)应用的发展,空中电磁信号场、空气与水体污染场、地下地质属性场等连续、非匀质的三维空间属性场数据进行建模、可视化与分析计算对GIS基础软件提出了新的挑战。已被广泛应用的TIN(triangulated irregular network)与栅格数据属于表面模型,通常用来表达二维场数据,其中由TIN组成的封闭表面可用于表达三维体,但两者都无法描述非匀质、连续变化的三维属性场。探讨了在通用GIS基础软件中基于TIN和Grid进行升维表达,实现不规则四面体网格(tetrahedralized irregular mesh,TIM)和体元栅格(voxel grid)两大类三维空间场数据模型,分析了两类数据模型的特点,探讨了三维场数据在可视化和分析计算方面的关键技术,实现了基于TIM与体元栅格表达和应用三维GIS场数据,完善了GIS三维数据模型体系,实现了空/天、地表、地下全空间的一体化表达、模拟与分析计算。 相似文献
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工程地质三维空间建模技术及其应用研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
对工程地质研究的主要三维空间对象(勘探区域三维地质剖面体)进行了规范化的构造描述，对当前主流三维空间建模方法进行了综合分析。在此基础上，结合专业建模对象的构造特点及三维数据模型适用表达对象的不同特性，融合单元分解表示(CE)、构造实体几何(CSG)和边界表示(B-Reps)三种数据模型的建模思想，以及栅格模型的基本体元划分机制和数据组织方式，以不规则五面体为基本分析单元，采用面向对象方法构造模型内各娄对象，提出了一种面向对象的三维矢量与栅格混合模型，实现了勘探区域三维地质剖面体的惟一性拓扑表达，并给出了可视化方案。分析了几例基于此模型的工程地质应用，借以验证该模型在工程地质领域内应用的合理性和可操作性。 相似文献
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由于ＧＩＳ是集图形,图像,属性等多种数据源于一身的空间信息管理系统,因此当前该领域研究热点之一就是如何构建一体化的数据管理体制,本文首先分析了现有ＧＩＳ空间数据库机制的不足,然后介绍了目前数据库领域中一种新型的数据模型－面向对象数据数据模型,分析了采用面向对象数据模型建立ＧＩＳ空间数据库的现实意义和优势,对开发基于面向对象数据模型的ＧＩＳ一体化数据库技术路线进行了初步研究,并对有关实现方法进行了比 相似文献
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针对地质勘察中地质体采样数据离散且不完备,基于这些数据难于构建地质体三维模型的问题,一种基于Marching Cubes算法的地质体三维空间形态隐式模拟方法被提出。此方法首先运用空间插值方法,推断和预测地质体的分布趋势,构建地质体三维空间规则数据场;在此基础上,采用Marching Cubes算法实现由网格离散点到三维等值面的模拟,提取出三维地质体的光滑等值曲面;最后结合OpenGL三维可视化技术,通过计算机图形学中的微小三角面逼近来实现地质体的三维空间形态的可视化。通过实例,将这种方法应用于基于钻孔勘探数据的矿体三维空间形态模拟,快速构建了矿体三维模型,模拟结果接近于传统的手工圈定边界和进行矿体推断而建立的三维模型,证实了该方法的可行性和高效性。 相似文献
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当前GIS发展的几个特点 总被引：43，自引：1，他引：42
本文主要就ＧＩＳ数据结构、数据模型、ＧＩＳ的信息处理模式、ＧＩＳ与专家系统、神经网络、ＣＡＤ的集成以及虚拟ＧＩＳ、开放式ＧＩＳ等方面介绍了当前国际ＧＩＳ发展的几个特点。 相似文献
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朱敏茹 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(1):165-166,169,172
主要研究实现多尺度、多分辨率、不同时期、海量影像数据的快速加载,通过建立域地理三维演示系统,整合了三维模型场景数据、DEM、DOM等数据,实现了直观的全空间三维可视化、海量多元数据集成逼真的三维场景显示的特性、快捷的二三维一体化应用、高效的三维模型渲染与分析、矢量和影像文件的客户端直接加载,实现了城市DEM和DOM的快速加载、三维场景的对比浏览和地下镜头浏览、自然效果的模拟、地理位置的标注、城市场景的飞行浏览以及空间距离面积的测量、各种应用的分析及查询等功能,在将来的研究中,将根据城市建设及规划应用的需求,发挥三维立体展示优势,研究建设、规划辅助系统。 相似文献
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Sameer Saran Kapil Oberai Parag Wate Amol Konde Arnab Dutta Kavisha Kumar A. Senthil Kumar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(6):957-972
Virtual 3D city models are increasingly being used to model the realms of the real world for utilization in a number of applications related to environmental simulations including, urban planning, mapping the energy characteristics of buildings, noise mapping, flood modelling, etc. Apart from geometric and appearance/textural information, these applications have a requirement for complex urban semantics. Currently, a number of 3D standards are available in CAD, BIM and GIS related domains for the storage, visualization and transfer of 3D geospatial datasets. Initially, the 3D data models (such as COLLADA, VRML, X3D, etc.) were purely graphical/geometrical in nature and mainly used for visualization purposes. With the inclusion of thematic modules in OGC CityGML, the integration of geometry and semantics in a single data model paved the way for better sharing of virtual 3D city models. In spite of the availability of a wide range of 3D data standards, there are certain differences with respect to geometry, topology, semantics, LODs, etc., which complicates the integration of 3D geodata from heterogeneous sources. This paper serves to highlights the need for the innovative solutions with respect to the urban environmental related simulations primarily based on the use of virtual 3D city models. Four use cases are studied in this context namely, (1) urban solar potential estimation using CityGML models, (2) simulation of traffic noise level mapped on building walls from the urban road segments, (3) CityGML based 3D data models interoperability, and (4) 3D indoor logistics and subsurface utilities. However, for modelling majority of use cases, CityGML does not provide explicit thematic representations but provides support for extending the CityGML schema using Application Domain Extensions. In a nutshell, the study explores the semantic modelling capabilities of the CityGML for the transformation of native 3D virtual city models to one satisfying capabilities like semantic information and support towards interoperability. 相似文献
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Estimates of solar radiation distribution in urban areas are often limited by the complexity of urban environments. These limitations arise from spatial structures such as buildings and trees that affect spatial and temporal distributions of solar fluxes over urban surfaces. The traditional solar radiation models implemented in GIS can address this problem only partially. They can be adequately used only for 2‐D surfaces such as terrain and rooftops. However, vertical surfaces, such as facades, require a 3‐D approach. This study presents a new 3‐D solar radiation model for urban areas represented by 3‐D city models. The v.sun module implemented in GRASS GIS is based on the existing solar radiation methodology used in the topographic r.sun model with a new capability to process 3‐D vector data representing complex urban environments. The calculation procedure is based on the combined vector‐voxel approach segmenting the 3‐D vector objects to smaller polygon elements according to a voxel data structure of the volume region. The shadowing effects of surrounding objects are considered using a unique shadowing algorithm. The proposed model has been applied to the sample urban area with results showing strong spatial and temporal variations of solar radiation flows over complex urban surfaces. 相似文献
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中国大陆岩石GPS平台Geo TransGIS的设计与实现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在中国大陆岩石圈地理信息系统研究过程中，提出了一种工具型二维地理信息系统和二三维地理信息系统地功能模块的设计思路，探讨了了面向对象方法，面向对象数据模型，面向对象数据库、无缝集成、开放式数据库互联技术在理信息系统研制中的运用；并用实例证明了此设计方法的可行性和实用性。 相似文献
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根据现有三维数据模型和地籍数据特点,在分析实体(E)和四面体格网(TEN)的基础上,对三维地籍实体信息组织进行研究,提出了基于实体-四面体格网模型(E-TEN模型)的三维地籍数据模型,其核心思想是实体作整体结构,TEN做局部结构。在数据结构中,通过特定方式(特殊属性值CX)将二者结合在一起。该模型能够实现地籍实体对几何、属性等综合信息的一体化组织,有利于实现复杂三维地籍实体三维空间数据的有效组织与管理。 相似文献
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矢量与栅格集成的三维数据模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以矿山地质为背景，深入分析三维空间信息系统所涉及到的空间对象以及它们之间的联系，提出了几种新的空间对象类型。探讨用矢量与栅格混合的数据结构，以及面向对象的数据模型来表达各类三维空间对象，以此作为设计和建立三维地理信息系统的基础 相似文献
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3D Geographic Reconstruction and Visualization Techniques Applied to Land Resource Management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Optimized land resource management depends on reliable and detailed information describing the spatial distribution of soils, geology, topography, and land use. Soil–landscapes are three–dimensional (3D) systems commonly represented using 2D maps utilizing geographic information systems. Addressing 3D soil–landscape reality is crucial for land resource management in terms of crop growth and transport processes (e.g. nitrate leaching) that are driving soil and water quality. Our objective was to investigate the usefulness of 3D geographic information technology (GIT) applied to land resource management. Our approach is based on 2D and 3D ordinary kriging interpolating surface and subsurface attributes to reconstruct soil–landscapes. We used Virtual Reality Modeling Language, which is a web–based 3D graphics language, to visualize objects (e.g. voxels, polyhedrons) representing soil and landscape attributes. We produced a 3D block model showing the spatial distribution of bulk densities and relief for a site in southern Wisconsin and a 3D stratigraphic model showing the spatial distribution of soil horizons and relief for a site in northern Florida. Emerging GIT was used to develop 3D soil–landscape models describing continuous changes of soil and landscape attributes. Combining multimedia elements (e.g. WWW, 3D visualization, and interactivity) can produce insight that would not arise from use of the elements alone. Three–dimensional scientific visualization is a powerful tool to help us see what is invisible from above the ground. 相似文献
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三维城市模型的研究与实践(英文) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The way we interact with spatial data has been changed from 2D map to 3D Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE). Three-dimensional
representations of geographic information on a computer are known as VGE, and in particular 3D city models provide an efficient
way to integrate massive, heterogenous geospatial information and georeferenced information in urban areas. 3D city modeling
(3DCM) is an active research and practice topic in distinct application areas. This paper introduces different modeling paradigms
employed in 3D GIS, virtual environment, and AEC/FM. Up-to-date 3DCM technologies are evolving into a data integration and
collaborative approach to represent the full spatial coverage of a city, to model both aboveground and underground, outdoor
and indoor environments including man-made objects and natural features with 3D geometry, appearance, topology and semantics.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 40871212, No. 40671158), the Leading Academic Discipline
Project of Shanghai Educational Committee( No.J50104). 相似文献