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1.
企业空间扩张对企业效率与区域协调发展具有重要意义。论文基于2009—2018年北京市制造业上市企业及其子公司微观数据,通过子公司空间分布变化分析了企业空间扩张模式,并分析了扩张带来的企业总部与子公司之间距离的变化,进一步采用动态面板计量方法,实证检验了总部与子公司之间地理距离与经济距离的变化对不同扩张模式的制造业企业效率的影响。研究发现：① 在样本期内,北京市制造业上市企业扩张规模较大,空间扩张模式由等级扩散转变为等级扩散与接触扩散相结合,且以接触扩散为主;总部与子公司之间的地理距离呈上升趋势,经济距离先下降后上升。其中,技术密集型企业与非国有企业倾向于等级扩散,非技术密集型企业与国有企业倾向于接触扩散。② 对以接触扩散为主要扩张模式的企业来说,总部与子公司之间的地理距离与企业效率负相关,而以等级扩散为主要扩张模式的企业效率受地理距离影响不显著。③ 无论企业扩张模式如何,总部与子公司之间的经济距离均与企业效率正相关。因此,不同类型的制造业企业应选择不同的扩张策略。 相似文献
2.
Barney Warf 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(3):398-406
The internationalization of the world's producer services has included the steady expansion of legal services across national borders. This article opens with an examination of the supply and demand factors that have driven this process, including the strategies and problems faced by law firms that operate internationally. It then offers an empirical examination of the distribution of overseas legal services offices of the 700 largest U.S. law firms, including their foreign markets and headquarters cities. 相似文献
3.
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):595-622
The complexity of the firm is a hallmark of the current economy. Corporate subsidiaries and their headquarters are a key expression of the development of businesses today. The analysis presented here extends on previous subsidiary research by analyzing the evolving headquarters location of foreign and domestic subsidiaries in the United States and Canada from 1996 to 2004. This study finds that certain U.S. and Canadian sectors are home to disproportionate numbers of subsidiaries. It also shows that different sectors in each country have seen major changes in their subsidiary communities, that foreign and domestic subsidiaries in the United States and Canada exhibit distinctive geographies, and that parent corporations from various countries follow distinctive strategies in locating their U.S. and Canadian subsidiary headquarters. The study argues that this line of research is one component in the strengthening of theory related to the location of elite corporate activities. 相似文献
4.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):611-635
As firms increasingly rely upon intangible assets such as human capital, innovative capacity, and brand equity, they are less able to tap traditional sources of capital such as bank or debt financing. Equity finance (the offering of ownership shares through public stock markets) is frequently the only means of finance available to knowledge-based firms or firms with few fixed assets. The intent of this research is to chart the spatial patterns of equity investment growth in the U.S. metropolitan system using the market capitalizations of 7,926 U.S. firms. Given the necessity of capital for economic growth, these patterns are of obvious importance to geographers. It is shown that volumes of equity investment are both highly skewed towards large firms, the service and FIRE sectors, and a core of metropolitan headquarters sites. Equity capital was found to flow away from Manufacturing Belt cities and towards cities dominated by smaller firms. In addition, it was found that changes in the volume of equity investment in locally headquartered firms is positively correlated to changes in personal income, population, and total employment. 相似文献
5.
Robert N. Martin 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):586-588
It has become commonplace for economic geographers to employ firm-level data in their assessments of competitiveness. Much less attention has been paid to individuals, the actual acquirers of knowledge relating to competitiveness, who then convey their know-how to the firm. This article addresses this limitation by analyzing a specific set of individuals who play a crucial role at the top of the business hierarchy: members of the boards of directors of the largest corporations in the United States. By analyzing where directors were born, where they attended university, and where they live, the intention of this article is to uncover regional groupings of directors that contribute to corporate culture and ultimately influence firm success. We place our results in the context of regional competitiveness with an American case study. Our findings illustrate how northeastern U.S. corporations have historically relied on high-level managers with personal histories in their same region. Given that institutions of the region are embedded in the decision-making process of managers, these firms risk becoming locked into past procedures. As a result, we argue that their ability to adapt is stifled, contributing to a lack of firm and regional success. 相似文献
6.
Metropolitan land-use patterns by economic function: a spatial analysis of firm headquarters and branch office locations in Australian cities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper develops a comparative means by which to understand metropolitan spatial structure through the dynamics of economic activities. Clustering and suburbanization have been key processes within the contemporary urban landscape, but few scholarly accounts have systematically merged the two to explain the geographies of economic activity. Using firm location as a variable to discern sector- and industry-based locational requirements, we explore land-use and economic activity in Australia’s five largest metropolitan areas. Drawing upon the respective headquarters and branch office locations of a set of publically traded firms, we seek to establish general spatial patterns across Australian cities using two proxy measures for clustering and suburbanization, being well-established drivers of firm locational choice. Despite the complexity that post-industrial and suburbanizing processes add to metropolitan land-use patterns, we contend that certain patterns exist that can be generalized from one context to another across urban space, and that certain emerging trends such as the development of CBD-fringe precincts merit greater attention. 相似文献
7.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):258-278
An information theoretic model is used to compare the evolution of the spatial distribution of corporate headquarters in the United States during the period 1957- 1979 with an ideal time-space model. Dispersion of headquarters across the regions of the U.S. has been the dominant trend for most subsectors of the economy since the mid-1960s. Corporate concentration has been a compensatory trend that has left the overall system dispersion of headquarter location at a stable and unchanging level for the country as a whole. 相似文献
8.
分析了赴香港上市内地企业的空间分布、时间格局、行业格局以及所有制结构特征,并采用计量模型对赴香港上市企业分布格局的影响因素进行探讨。研究表明：赴香港上市的内地企业数量呈现波动式增长,总部主要分布在东部沿海地区,京津冀、长三角以及珠三角地区集聚特征明显;香港成为内地金融和房地产类企业海外上市的主要目的地;赴港上市的国有企业比重不断下降,民营企业逐步成为香港上市企业的主体。回归模型结果显示：赴香港上市企业总部分布受到集聚经济、距离、制度等因素影响,城市的经济规模、金融业发展水平、交通便捷性、信息化与通讯能力越强,到香港距离越近,城市行政级别越高,赴港上市企业则越多;此外,距离因素对民企的影响更为显著,国企的空间分布则主要受制度因素的影响。 相似文献
9.
中资企业研发国际化研究——基于华为WIPO专利分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来,中资企业的研发国际化倾向日益明显,海外专利申请数量激增。中资跨国公司的海外R&D中心区位与空间组织结构,以及对企业创新能力提升的影响成为国内外经济地理学研究的热点问题之一。以深圳华为技术有限公司为案例,基于世界知识产权组织专利数据与企业访谈资料,分析了华为研发国际化的途径和成效。研究发现：华为通过在全球卓越中心建立海外R&D中心以及与国际一流企业、大学与科研机构的跨境合作获得领先的研发资源,并通过总部协调实现知识由海外卓越中心向中国的流动。这种主动技术获取途径既保障华为获得全球领先的技术资源,又保障了知识商业化的成果归华为所有,是华为成长为全球领先企业的主要途径。 相似文献
10.
上海市上市企业总部的区位分布与影响机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
大企业总部在城市内部的分布既受城市发展的影响,又是重塑城市空间格局的重要力量。基于历年上海市上市公司数据,探讨上海市的上市公司总部区位分布特征及影响因素。上市企业总部在上海呈显著的中心型分布,多数总部集聚在中心区,且总部密度随到城市中心距离的增加而迅速降低。企业总部分布还呈现强烈的接近交通干道和开发区集聚的倾向。计量模型结果表明,企业所有制条件、上市时间、企业规模、行业类型显著影响上市企业总部的区位分布,通常国有企业、规模较大的企业和上市时间较早的企业更倾向于布局在中心城区区位条件更加优越的地区,形成总部分布的二元结构。市场化改革和规划下不同类型企业的主从秩序可以解释这种企业总部分布的核心边缘二元结构。 相似文献
11.
Alex Schwartz 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(2):166-172
An increasing number of studies of business start-ups, closings, and relocations rely on a single data base, DUNS Market Identifiers. This data file to U.S. business establishments provides researchers with essential information about individual firms and establishments. It also exhibits serveral idiosyncracies and requires careful consideration of the meaning of such basic terms as “location”and “firm.”Drawing from a recent survey of 500 New Jersey firms. I consider some of the methodological amd conceptual issues Dun and Bradstreet data pose for industrial location analysts. The Dun and Bradstreet listings exaggerate the exaggerate the incidence and magnitude of establishment openings and closing. 相似文献
12.
产品相关多样化是企业发展的重要战略。经济学研究认为企业内部因素会影响企业的产品多样化策略,而一些地理学研究则发现企业外部的地方因素也会影响企业发展。为了弥补当前研究中关于企业微观发展战略外部影响因素的空白,本文基于2012—2016年中国出口产品贸易数据研究地方出口产品结构对企业出口产品相关多样化的影响,并进一步探究地方非正式制度和正式制度环境的调节作用。结果发现：① 在出口产品相关多样化程度越高的地方,多产品企业的出口相关多样化倾向会越强。② 正式和非正式制度环境均会影响地方和企业尺度在出口产品相关多样化方面的一致性关系。地方的社会信任属于非正式制度环境,会增强地方与企业在出口产品相关多样化方面的一致性。正式制度环境包括市场化、全球化和分权化进程,其中地方市场化程度对地方与企业在出口产品相关多样化方面的一致性起正向调节作用,而地方的全球化和分权化进程则表现为负向调节作用。本文的研究结论说明了地方产业集群环境、企业微观发展策略以及地方制度背景三者之间存在关联。政府可以通过制度改革和制度创新等政策影响地方内企业联系,为地方产业发展创造新的机会。 相似文献
13.
中国上市企业总部的区位分布和集聚特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大企业总部是决策和控制中心,掌握着巨大的资源分配权,其决策将影响到地区甚至国家的发展。因此,大企业总部的数量关系到一个国家和地区的竞争力和影响力,研究大企业总部的分布和集聚有重要的理论和政策意义。本研究考察了截至2011年底中国2320家上市企业总部在城市的分布及集聚特征,有以下主要发现:①中国的上市企业总部分布和总体产业空间格局较为一致,即高度集聚在我国的东部沿海城市,尤其是长三角、珠三角和京津冀地区。②中国的企业总部高度集聚在高行政级别的城市,具体而言即大量集中在首都、直辖市、副省级和省会城市。③北京、上海和深圳是中国企业总部最为集聚的城市,不仅企业总部数量最多,而且企业的规模也最大,尤其是北京拥有超强的掌控力。而且,北京、上海和深圳几乎在所有产业领域都表现出绝对的领先优势。④和国际上发达国家比较,中国的企业总部在空间上的集聚程度较低,东部沿海发达地区的总部数量占全国比重仍在上升,北京、上海和深圳等大城市的上市企业总部数量增长要明显快于全国其他地区,其地位还在进一步强化。⑤企业总部的数量和城市的金融业发展水平、机场条件、经济规模、经济全球化水平、城市的规模等级、行政等级等呈现出高度的正向相关关系。 相似文献
14.
地方产业抵御经济危机的弹性影响因素——以电子信息产业为例 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
作为区域经济的重要载体,地方产业抵御经济危机的弹性影响机制却鲜少有研究且尚无定论。以电子信息产业为例,利用中国工业企业调查数据库,运用回归分析的法探讨了影响地方产业弹性的主要因素。研究发现：中国电子信息产业的经济弹性存在着地域差异;地方产业内企业的异质性、龙头企业的影响力、地方产业的开放性、动态性和业务结构对电子产业的经济弹性均有显著的正向影响。在中国现阶段的经济制度背景下,轮轴式的地方产业结构可能比小企业为主的产业区更能促进当地的产业弹性。地方政府在扶持地方产业发展的过程中,不仅要保持地方产业内企业的异质性、动态性和开放性,也要注重发挥龙头企业的带领作用。 相似文献
15.
Aksel Ersoy 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(1):138-148
This article examines the distribution of the headquarters of top 500 large industrial enterprises in Turkey. It contributes to the knowledge of economic geography by examining regional clusters of headquarters activity in Turkey. As a country, Turkey's corporations have not been extensively analyzed or integrated into the international economic geography literature especially given the fact that headquarters activities in general are important but understudied in the literature of geography. This study therefore extends the corporate literature further in an international dimension, a priority that has been noted as important in the headquarters literature of geography. It argues that not only does the spatial organization of corporations remain important in urban systems but also that they are linked to the dynamics of local and regional economies within developing countries. It shows that various Turkish cities have distinctive internal structures comprising agglomerations of different industries. Although some of these industries are better performing in big cities, the majority of the cities in the top 500 large enterprises list underperform on average. 相似文献
16.
企业是区域经济发展的微观基础。企业生产率增长会影响区域长期经济发展,因此有必要深入分析企业生产率变动的影响因素和内在机制。基于中国工业企业年度调查数据（ASIF）,通过两阶段回归模型（2SLS）探讨企业与区域产业环境间的技术关联对企业生产率的影响,并分析不同交通类型的区域可达性的调节作用差异。结果显示：① 企业与区域间的技术关联越高,企业的全要素生产率会越高。② 区域可达性能够调节技术关联与企业生产率间的关系,且异质性交通网络的调节效应不同。在公路可达性高的区域内,企业生产率受到企业与区域间技术关联的影响较强;相反,提升区域铁路可达性则主要表现为削弱技术关联对企业生产率的作用。③ 区域可达性的调节效应还存在产业和空间异质性。比起劳动密集型企业,资本、技术密集型企业的生产率与技术关联间的关系受区域可达性的影响更明显。对于不同区域,公路可达性会使东部企业的生产率更依赖技术关联,而中西部企业刚好相反;铁路可达性则能促使东部企业发生“突破性”的生产率变化,对中西部企业没有明显影响。 相似文献
17.
In its 30 years of existence, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. has grown to become the largest retailer in the United States in terms of sales volume. This paper describes and analyzes the geographic expansion of Wal-Mart from its origin in northwest Arkansas. During its early years the firm grew slowly and opened stores primarily in small towns. In recent years it has expanded into metropolitan areas in order to serve more completely the U. S. market. The firm's expansion pattern has been characterized by elements of both neighborhood contagious diffusion and reverse hierarchical diffusion. 相似文献
18.
当前时代,中国的出口企业面临出口市场维度和产品维度的两大风险。前者体现为贸易政策不确定性对企业生产组织和出口决策的影响,后者体现为高技术品出口对企业技术水平和生产能力的高要求,其可被纳入GPN 2.0框架中的“监管风险”和“产品风险”两个维度进行分析。本文指出,面对上述风险,企业会寻求集聚分布,以受益于信息溢出效应和生产率效应,从而实施相应的企业策略以抵御风险。本文基于2008—2016年中国海关进出口贸易数据获取企业位置信息,测度企业集聚水平,同时基于非关税壁垒和产品复杂度数据测度企业所面临的监管风险和产品风险。实证结果表明,当企业的出口市场贸易政策不确定性越高、企业所生产的产品复杂度越高,企业在本地越集聚,一定程度上验证了上述假设。本文尝试融合GPN 2.0和经典的集聚理论,对于风险环境下企业空间重构的模式和机制进行定量测度,并给予全球生产网络的空间组织机制更为动态且微观的解释,具有一定的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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20.
汽车产业正处于百年一遇的大变革时期。近年来,中国兴起了造车热潮,大量新创企业进入到汽车制造领域。伴随着中国汽车销售市场下行,新创汽车企业持续退出,产生了一定的负面影响。基于微观企业数据库,基于均质背景的核密度分析方法,分析新创汽车企业退出的空间格局;基于非均质背景的核密度分析方法,识别新创汽车企业高退出风险的“热点”区域;运用二值Logit回归方法分析影响新创汽车企业退出的因素。研究发现：① 高进入地区退出的新创汽车企业数量较多,企业退出空间格局整体呈现以长三角为核心的态势;中国沿海和沿长江多个城市退出的新创汽车企业规模较大。② 高退出风险“热点”区域位于江西省抚州市、宜春市、吉安市、山东省烟台市、安徽省池州市、铜陵市等地。③ 相关多样化降低了新创汽车企业的退出概率,非相关多样化增加了企业的退出概率;城市原有的整车产业关联密度越高,整车企业规模越大,新创整车企业退出的概率越低。高全球化水平、高国有工业依赖度、低税收负担率有助于降低新创汽车企业退出概率。 相似文献