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本文利用τ\|p波场反演法直接对OBS原始数据进行转换,得到一维速度深度函数.该方法包含倾斜迭加和向下延拓两个线性转换:倾斜迭加将原始数据由时间\|偏移距域(t-x)转换为时间截距\|慢度域(τ\|p);向下延拓将时间截距\|慢度域(τ\|p)波场转换为深度\|慢度域(z\|p)波场. 然后根据五个OBS台站得到的一维速度深度函数,合成东沙群岛地壳的二维速度结构模型.为了检验该速度结构模型,我们用拾取走时和利用模型计算的理论走时进行拟合,得到了满意的结果,从而为下一步进行层析成像提供了可靠的初始速度结构模型. 相似文献
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任意介质中的动态规划法地震波三维走时计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
任意介质中的地震波三维走时计算是复杂介质情况下Kirchhoff积分法三维叠前深度偏移及走时层析成像的核心.走时算法的效率及精度决定了成像方法的应用范围及效果,对复杂地质构造区域的地震波成像时需要有稳健的走时计算方法.本文把Schneider等提出的用动态规划法计算二维任意复杂介质中走时的方法推广到三维.此方法的核心是构造从源点到当前计算点的平均慢度,基于Fermat原理,用球面波近似导出走时计算所用的公式,并用动态规划法搜索到达当前计算点的初至走时.它适用于任意复杂的介质情况,对速度差异没有限制,计算过程中考虑到各个可能的方向到达当前计算点的初至波.首波及回转波的初至走时也能正确地计算出来.各种理论速度模型上的走时计算及胜利油田某探区的三维叠前深度偏移的成功实践验证了方法的正确性. 相似文献
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三维地质模型中地震波共轭梯度非线性走时反演 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震体波走时层析成像是探测地球内部速度结构的重要方法之一。基于三维块状建模以及三角形拼接的界面描述方式,结合快速高效的逐段迭代射线追踪方法,获得三维复杂地质模型中的地震射线路径与走时信息,采用共轭梯度非线性反演算法,进行地震波走时反演。实验结果表明共轭梯度反演算法在三维层状模型中具有较高的有效性。 相似文献
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地震层析成像技术是研究地层速度结构的一个重要手段,该技术是利用震源到接收点的地震波走时或波形的观测数据,结合建立的数学物理模型来重建地层速度结构。而层析成像正演模拟的精度将直接影响反演出的速度与地层真实速度的拟合度,因此找出一种精度较高的层析成像正演模拟算法是非常重要的。本文针对三维层状介质,通过网格化模型,采用最小走时射线追踪方法展开层析成像正演研究,分别采用三角形网格、矩形网格和六边形网格进行模型参数化,并对比分析各自正演结果的精度,总结出针对三维层状介质模型的最佳网格划分方式。 相似文献
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将中国地区划分为东西两部分详细地讨论了中国地区体波走时层析成像研究现状。总结了中国地区三维速度结构的一些特征：地震波速度存在明显的横向不均匀性,甚至在1100km左右深入还保留了这一特点,浅部层面地震波速度图像与地表已知的地质特征有较好的相关性,速度图像与地震活动性有一定的对应关系,岩石层厚度及地壳厚度的起伏状况等;最后分析了目前中国地区体波走时层析成像研究工作的特点并提出了一种可能的发展趋势。 相似文献
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基于Matlab平台GUI的地震走时层析成像快速实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震走时层析成像是地球物理反演中的成熟方法之一,已在许多领域得到广泛应用,并取得了良好的效果。本文围绕地震走时层析成像GUI的快速实现,首先简要介绍了地震走时成像方法的原理和方法,并基于Matlab软件平台,利用GUI开发环境编写了二维横向非均匀地震走时层析成像图形用户界面（GUI）,实现了方便快捷地反演地震测深资料的速度结构并以人机交互方式快捷灵活地将图像显示出来;结合实际观测资料处理结果表明,本文编制的GUI软件能够有效地实现地震走时层析成像结果的窗口化、图像化和快捷化。 相似文献
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在含有三维几何反射体的复杂三维速度模型，发展了一种计算反射地震波走时方法。为了处理大且急剧的速度反差，对现有的计算初至波走时的有限差分法作了适当修改。修改的计算方法比以前的几种方案更快且更精确，并结合到计算反射走时的程序中。这个反射波走时程序非常适合编入三维反射体结构的反演法中。 相似文献
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高频假设下的地震射线理论以及相应的地震成像理论表明,在射线稀疏条件下,不可能得到较高分辨率的构造成像;而有限频射线理论更符合实际地震的传播规律,即地震波的走时不仅与中心射线(传统的几何射线)上的速度分布有关,而且与中心射线附近一定范围(称其为第一菲涅耳体)内的速度异常分布有关.鉴于此,本文提出了计算多震相地震波菲涅耳体有限频射线的方法,并定义了走时敏感核函数,同时给出了利用多震相菲涅耳体有限频射线进行速度模型和反射界面同时反演成像的公式.利用多震相走时资料,使用传统射线层析成像方法与有限频射线层析成像方法进行了速度和界面的同时反演成像.结果表明,当射线密度较小时,无论是对速度模型的重建还是对反射界面几何形状的更新,有限频射线层析成像方法均优于传统射线层析成像方法, 而变频有限频射线层析成像则是实际地震层析成像的首选反演算法. 相似文献
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A method to predict aquifer vulnerability to pesticide contamination at the subregional scale was developed. The assessment method was designed to incorporate relevant hydrologic and pesticide-transport information and to use generally available data. The method assumes steady-state advection of pesticides in the vadose zone, including sorption and biological decay. The solution is presented as a vulnerability index (VI) that increases as the aquifer vulnerability increases. The hydrologic input data for the VI model are obtained from the soil survey geographic database. Pesticides were grouped into three leachability classes using a leachability ratio (half-life divided by organic carbon partition coefficient). Pesticide transformation is assumed to occur in the surface layer. The influence of vertical transport in the remainder of the vadose zone has been incorporated by applying a multiplying factor to the VI that varies with depth to ground water. Hydraulic conductivity is used as a surrogate for soil-water velocity for practical purposes. The performance of the VI model is evaluated using ground water data from Weld County, Colorado. The model is demonstrated to be successful at predicting relative vulnerability, defined as the magnitude of pesticide concentration and percent of wells in a unit that exhibit a pesticide detection. Areas of low, medium, and high vulnerability are assigned. Results indicate that the vulnerability classifications are most dependent on the leachability ratio, hydraulic conductivity, and organic carbon content. 相似文献
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本文对钢筋混凝土框架的地震破坏进行了计算机模拟试验研究，指出了破坏过程中结构瞬态动力特性的变化特征，研究了影响瞬态动力特性的若干因素，明晰了结构整体耗能能力的大小与结构周期的延长之间的关系。作者认为结构瞬态动力特性和地震动的特性是影响结构破坏过程的主要因素，指出结构地震破坏模拟具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Baldwin BR Peacock AD Park M Ogles DM Istok JD McKinley JP Resch CT White DC 《Ground water》2008,46(2):295-304
Passive multilevel samplers (MLS) containing a solid matrix for microbial colonization were used as in situ microcosms in conjunction with a push-pull biostimulation experiment designed to promote biological U(VI) and Tc(VII) reduction. MLS were deployed at 24 elevations in the injection well and two downgradient wells to investigate the spatial variability in microbial community composition and growth prior to and following biostimulation. The microbial community was characterized by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) quantification of bacteria, NO(3)(-)-reducing bacteria (nirS and nirK), delta-proteobacteria, Geobacter sp., and methanogens (mcrA). Pretest cell densities were low overall but varied substantially with significantly greater bacterial populations detected at circumneutral pH (t-test, alpha= 0.05), suggesting carbon substrate and low pH limitations of microbial activity. Although pretest cell densities were low, denitrifying bacteria were dominant members of the microbial community. Biostimulation with an ethanol-amended ground water resulted in concurrent NO(3)(-) and Tc(VII) reduction, followed by U(VI) reduction. Q-PCR analysis of MLS revealed significant (1 to 2 orders of magnitude, Mann-Whitney U-test, alpha= 0.05) increases in cell densities of bacteria, denitrifiers, delta-proteobacteria, Geobacter sp., and methanogens in response to biostimulation. Traditionally, characterization of sediment samples has been used to investigate the microbial community response to biostimulation; however, collection of sediment samples is expensive and not conducive to deep aquifers or temporal studies. The results presented demonstrate that push-pull tests with passive MLS provide an inexpensive approach to determine the effect of biostimulation on contaminant concentrations, geochemical conditions, and the microbial community composition and function. 相似文献
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Naohiro Nakamura 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(2):217-231
In order to perform time history earthquake response analyses with consideration to both the dynamic soil–structure interaction and the non‐linear behaviour of the structure, it is important to transform the soil impedance in the frequency domain to the impulse response in the time domain. In this paper, a new transform method with high practicality is proposed. First, the formulation of the proposed transform method is described. Next, the validity of the method is examined using an example problem whose impulse response is analytically obtained. Then, the impedance of the rigid foundation on 2‐layered soil is transformed to the time domain, and the characteristics of the impulse response are investigated. Finally, time history earthquake response analyses of a structure on the soil using the obtained impulse response are carried out. The validity and the efficiency of the proposed method are confirmed through these investigations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Wm. Alexander Osborne Rebecca A. Hodge Gordon D. Love Peter Hawkin Ruth E. Hawkin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(13):2656-2670
The passive, ambient sound above the water from a river has previously untapped potential for determining flow characteristics such as stage. Measuring sub-aerial sound could provide a new, efficient way to continuously monitor river stage, without the need for in-stream infrastructure. Previous published work has suggested that there might be a relationship between sound and river stage, but the analysis has been restricted to a narrow range of flow conditions and river morphologies. We present a method to determine site suitability and the process of how to record and analyse sound. Data collected along a 500 m length of the River Washburn during July 2019 is used to determine what makes a site suitable for sound monitoring. We found that sound is controlled by roughness elements in the channel, such as a boulder or weir, which influences the sound produced. On the basis of these findings, we collect audio recordings from six sites around the northeast of England, covering a range of flow conditions and different roughness elements, since 2019. We use data from those sites collected during storms Ciara and Dennis to produce a relationship between this sound and river stage. Our analysis has shown a positive relationship between an R2 of 0.73 and 0.99 in all rivers, but requires careful site selection and data processing to achieve the best results. We introduce a filter that is capable of isolating a river's sound from other environmental sound. Future work in examining the role of these roughness elements is required to understand the full extent of this technique. By demonstrating that sound can operate as a hydrometric tool, we suggest that sound monitoring could be used to provide cost-effective monitoring devices, either to detect relative change in a river or, after more research, a reliable stage measurement. 相似文献
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位场数据曲化平是位场数据处理解释中的重要运算,但是它的计算量和计算的复杂性影响了它在许多处理和解释方法技术中的应用.本文提出一种位场数据曲化平的迭代方法,即通过把位场数据曲化平视为平面位场数据向上延拓的反问题,得到曲化平的线性积分方程,再把曲面上位场数据视为曲面平均高程面上的位场数据,利用向下延拓的波数域广义逆算法把平均高程面上的位场数据向下延拓到设定平面上,再根据曲面和其平均高程面的相对起伏对设定平面上的向下延拓数据进行起伏校正,最后再把所得平面上的位场数据向上延拓得到曲面上的位场数据,并进行迭代.把这种方法用于三维理论模型数据和实际磁场数据的曲化平处理均获得了理想的结果. 相似文献
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1996～2003年全世界灾害地震统计分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
讨论了1996～2003年8年期间全世界灾害地震的空间分布特征和地震灾情与全球地震活动性、地震震级和地震发震时刻的关系。结果表明：这8年期间地震灾情与全球地震活动性及地震震级无明显的统计相关关系,似乎与发震的国度、地震的发震时刻有一定的关系。 相似文献
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D.W. King R.A.W. Haddon E.S. Husebye 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1975,10(2):103-127
The results of a theoretical study of the interpretation of precursors to PP (Δ ～ 100°) in terms of scattering by small-scale random irregularities in the crust and uppermost mantle are presented. These results are compared with observational data from two nuclear explosions recorded at the Warramunga array and three earthquakes recorded at the NORSAR array. This comparison reveals that the scattering interpretation offers a plausible and adequate explanation of the detailed observational data, namely: onset times, duration, slowness, azimuth and amplitude variations. The scattering interpretation of PP precursors, along with a similar interpretation of precursors to PKPPKP, removes the need for postulating several sharp-reflecting discontinuities in the uppermost few hundred kilometers of the crust and upper mantle. 相似文献
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E. M. Abdelrahman T. M. El-Araby K. S. Soliman K. S. Essa E. R. Abo-Ezz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(5):1045-1056
We have developed three different least-squares approaches to determine successively: the depth, magnetic angle, and amplitude
coefficient of a buried sphere from a total magnetic anomaly. By defining the anomaly value at the origin and the nearest
zero-anomaly distance from the origin on the profile, the problem of depth determination is transformed into the problem of
finding a solution of a nonlinear equation of the form f(z)=0. Knowing the depth and applying the least-squares method, the magnetic angle and amplitude coefficient are determined
using two simple linear equations. In this way, the depth, magnetic angle, and amplitude coefficient are determined individually
from all observed total magnetic data. The method is applied to synthetic examples with and without random errors and tested
on a field example from Senegal, West Africa. In all cases, the depth solutions are in good agreement with the actual ones. 相似文献