共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
近40a来江河源区生态环境变化的气候特征分析 总被引：69，自引：12，他引：57
利用月气象资料,对过去40a江河源气候变化特征进行分析,并与全球、全国、青藏高原进行了比较.结果表明:江河源区气温具有增暖趋势,近40a两地年平均气温分别增加约0.8℃和0.7℃,为高原异常变暖区.黄河源区变暖的主要特征是最低气温变暖,日照时数增加;最低、最高气温的显著变暖,以及较黄河源区增加更长的日照时数是长江源区变暖的主要特征.长江源区冬季变暖的作用不是主要的,春季、夏季和秋季的变暖作用比冬季还要大;黄河源区的变暖也并不主要是冬季变暖造成的,秋季变暖的作用与其相当,其它季节的变暖作用也不能忽视.近40a来江河源区降水量略有增加,主要体现在20世纪80年代中后期以来春季与冬季降水量的明显增加,夏季降水量虽然总体上没有明显变化,且局地夏季降水量呈持续减少趋势.与全球、全国以及高原区对比显示,江河源区对全球气候变暖的响应最敏感,变暖首先从长江源和整个高原发端,之后15a.黄河源和全国才进入显著温暖期.黄河源与长江源北部降水量的增加表明,气候变暖有利于高原增加降水量. 相似文献
2.
Zeolites are present in altered pyroclastic rocks at many localities in Greece, and large deposits of potential economic interest are present in three areas: (1) the Evros region of the province of Thrace in the north-eastern part of the Greek mainland; (2) the islands of Kimolos and Poliegos in the western Aegean; and (3) the island of Samos in the eastern Aegean Sea. The deposits in Thrace are of Eocene-Oligocene age and are rich in heulandite and/or clinoptilolite. Those of Kimolos and Poliegos are mainly Quaternary and are rich in mordenite. Those of Samos are Miocene, and are rich in clinoptilolite and/or analcime. The deposits in Thrace are believed to have formed in an open hydrological system by the action of meteoric water, and those of the western Aegean islands in a similar way but under conditions of high heat flow, whereas the deposits in Samos were formed in a saline-alkaline lake. 相似文献
3.
Akio Yoshida Kohji Hososno Toshimitsu Tsukakoshi Akio Kobayashi Hiromi Takayama Stefan Wiemer 《Tectonophysics》2006,417(1-2):17
We investigate the relationship between changes in seismicity and crustal deformations in the Tokai region. We describe how seismicity in the subducted slab increased remarkably in the fall of 2000 and decreased in the fall of 2001, while in contrast, the crust seismicity decreased in the fall of 2000 and increased in the fall of 2001. We note that the trend of horizontal displacement at GPS stations changed coincidentally and we propose interpreting the increase and decrease in seismic activities and the changes in crustal deformations in a unified way based on changes in the state of the interplate coupling, i.e., the back-slip rate was reduced in the fall of 2000 and was partially restored in the fall of 2001. We explain why reduction of the back-slip rate increases seismogenic stress in the slab and decreases stress in the crust. We also describe the substantial positive dilatation observed in the region around Mt. Fuji in the fall of 2000 and suggest that the remarkable increase of low-frequency earthquakes beneath Mt. Fuji in October 2000 may have been caused by deceleration of the converging motion of the Izu micro-plate with the Eurasian plate. The decrease of the subduction velocity of the Izu micro-plate on the Suruga Trough in late 2000 would also have contributed to weakening of the interplate coupling beneath the Tokai region, since reduction of the relative velocity between overriding and subducting plates produces the same effect on the plate interface as a diminishing back-slip rate. However, subduction of the Izu micro-plate on the Suruga Trough was accelerated in early 2003, which may have caused increases in both slab and crust seismicities in that period. 相似文献
4.
塔河油田奥陶系油气藏流体类型复杂,流体分布纵横向差异较大。通过分析流体分布的受控因素,认为早期成藏改造、晚期充注调整是塔河油田奥陶系油气藏重要的成藏机制,成藏封闭条件的形成与演化是油气成藏的重要控制因素。局部受致密石灰岩侧向封挡和大型断裂分割的控制,造成不同区域油气性质及油气藏类型存在差异;相对独立的缝洞系统,以及受油气藏多期成藏所控制,造成流体性质在平面上及纵向上差异较大;受盖层完整性及后期多期改造程度的影响,造成各区及区内流体性质的差异;受圈闭演化以及各成藏期动力条件变化的影响,各缝洞系统油藏底部水体深度差异明显。 相似文献
5.
Failure and flow development of a collapse induced complex landslide: the 2005 Kuzulu (Koyulhisar, Turkey) landslide hazard 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Işık Yilmaz Tülay Ekemen Mustafa Yildirim İnan Keskin Gül Özdemir 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(3):467-476
Koyulhisar located in a slope of hilly region and constructed in the side of a mountain along the North Anatolian Fault Zone
is frequently subject to landslides. A catastrophic landslide occurred on the morning of 17 March 2005 in the North of the
Kuzulu district of Koyulhisar (Sivas, Turkey). This landslide caused widespread loss of life, and damage to buildings, and
lifelines. Fifteen people were dead and five were injured, 21 houses and a minaret were covered and damaged severely. The
case study presented in this paper describes and analyses the results of the detailed surveys of an interesting landslide
in Kuzulu district of Koyulhisar (Sivas, Turkey), based on field and laboratory measurements and monitoring of the slide area.
Landslide initiated as a collapse, and developed into debris avalanches in the valley. This phenomenon caused a disaster in
the Kuzulu district. The importance of this landslide in particular has been recognized both in terms of its consequence for
the people and structures and in terms of its role in allowing an understanding of process and properties of landslide triggered
by a collapse in limestone karst. In view of the potential for such events to occur again in this area and environs, understanding
of the failure mechanism is very crucial. 相似文献
6.
西藏冈底斯地块中新生代中酸性侵入岩特征与构造环境 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
冈底斯地块上的中新生代中酸性岩浆活动，是北部班公湖一怒江和南部雅鲁藏布两个特提斯演化及其后的陆内汇聚碰撞造山和后造山伸展等大地构造事件的完整记录。地块上的中酸性岩浆活动可划分为三个带，其中北部岩带岩浆岩形成于燕山期，其类型从早期的Ⅰ型到中期的过渡型再演化为晚期的S型，分别形成于板块俯冲-缝合-碰撞等构造条件下，是北部班公湖一怒江特提斯演化的集中反映。中部和南部岩浆岩带则集中体现了南部雅鲁藏布特提斯时空演化的完整经历，其中，南部岩带岩体以燕山晚期为主，喜山早期次之，成因及形成环境与特提斯洋壳向北俯7中作用密切相关(燕山晚期)，同时俯冲结束后的同碰撞条件下的岩浆活动在该岩带内也有明显的反映(喜山早期)；中部岩带岩体以喜山早期为主，燕山晚期次之，岩体大部分为同碰撞环境下岩浆活动的产物，它表征了随着洋壳板块向北俯冲程度的加深和强度的加剧，岩浆活动中心在不断向北迁移，并最终缝合碰撞的过程。因此，该岩带内岩浆岩主要形成于俯冲的晚阶段及缝合后的同碰撞条件下。喜山晚期的小斑岩体实际上广泛出露于整个冈底斯地块上，它反映的是该区在经历了碰撞造山后发生的陆内伸展的构造过程。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
An ichthyoplankton survey (18 stations in seven sampling sectors) was conducted in Narragansett Bay in 1990 to provide information on abundance, distribution, and seasonal occurrence of eggs and larvae of estuarine fishes, including seasonal migrants. An additional goal was to examine changes in species composition, abundance, and distribution occurring since the last baywide survey in 1972–73. The taxonomic composition of eggs and larvae in 1990 (41 species in 25 families from 684 plankton samples) and in 1972–73 (43 species in 28 families from 6900 samples) was similar. Maximum abundance of fish eggs occurred in June and larvae in July, minimum abundance in September to February. Species diversity was greatest in May–July and lowest during January in both surveys. However, egg and larval densities in 1990 were considerably lower than in 1972–73. Bay anchovy, tautog, and cunner accounted for 86% of the eggs and 87% of the larvae in the bay in 1990. These three species accounted for only 55% of the eggs and 51% of the larvae in 1972–73, with menhaden accounting for another 18% of the eggs and 34% of the larvae. Searobins, scup, and butterfish eggs were common in 1973 (19%) but rare in 1990 (2%). Ichthyoplankton abundance for several of the most abundant species was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Providence River, upper bay, and Greenwich Bay in 1990 than in 1972–73. Density of fish eggs and larvae in the lower portions of the bay was lower in 1990 for some species but not others. Distribution data suggested a general down-bay shift in density in 1990. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY085 00015 相似文献
10.
11.
《China Geology》2022,5(3):402-410
This study investigated water samples collected from the surface water and groundwater in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in different stages of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (hereinafter referred to as COVID-19) in the city, aiming to determine the distribution characteristics of antiviral drugs in the city’s waters. The results are as follows. The main hydrochemical type of surface water and groundwater in Wuhan was Ca-HCO3. The major chemical components in the groundwater had higher concentrations and spatial variability than those in the surface water. Two antiviral drugs and two glucocorticoids were detected in the surface water, groundwater, and sewage during the COVID-19 outbreak. Among them, chloroquine phosphate and cortisone had higher detection rates of 32.26% and 25.80%, respectively in all samples. The concentrations of residual drugs in East Lake were higher than those in other waters. The main drug detected in the waters in the later stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan was chloroquine phosphate, whose detection rates in the surface water and the groundwater were 53.85% and 28.57%, respectively. Moreover, the detection rate and concentration of chloroquine phosphate were higher in East Lake than in Huangjia Lake. The groundwater containing chloroquine phosphate was mainly distributed along the river areas where the groundwater was highly vulnerable. The residual drugs in the surface water and the groundwater had lower concentrations in the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak than in the middle of the outbreak, and they have not yet caused any negative impacts on the ecological environment.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
12.
长三角经济高速发展地区土壤pH时空变化及其影响因素 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过调查和分析长三角地区张家港市2004年和第二次土壤普查时(1980)的土壤pH,探讨了该市近20年来基于经济高速发展影响下的土壤pH变化及影响因素。结果表明,自第二次土壤普查以来,该市土壤pH变化明显。南部人为土地区绝大部分土壤pH值都下降了一个单位,平均值由7.39降至6.33;北部雏形土区,两个时期的土壤pH值分别为7.92和7.98。土壤pH的降低可能同该地区长期施用化学肥料、酸雨及工业酸性“三废”排放的增加有关。此外,土地利用和田间管理也对土壤pH变化起着较为重要的作用,而土壤地球化学性质差异则是导致南北地区土壤pH变化不同的内在因素。 相似文献
13.
对安徽铜陵天马山矿床和大团山矿床的成矿地质背景和成矿流体特征, 特别是流体成矿作用进行了较系统的对比研究, 在此基础上探讨了在铜陵天马山和大团山矿区分别形成层控矽卡岩型金硫矿床和层控矽卡岩型铜矿床的主要原因.研究结果表明, 在天马山矿区之所以形成金硫矿床, 主要与岩浆岩岩体本身含金高而含铜低, 围岩地层中有含有机质的赋金黄铁矿层存在, 并且主成矿阶段的成矿流体以岩浆流体为主有关; 而在大团山矿区之所以形成铜矿床, 主要原因是岩浆岩岩体本身含铜高, 成矿流体富铜, 且主成矿阶段的成矿流体以地下水流体为主.当然, 流体成分演化和物理化学条件改变方面的差异导致铜或金在流体成矿过程晚期逐步分散也是这两个矿区分别形成不同类型矿床的重要原因. 相似文献
14.
In the past twenty years, the proportion of coal in primary-energy consumption in China is generally between 71.3% and 76.5%. The output of coal was 1.374 billion tons in 19%, and 1.21 tons in 1998, which ranked first in the world. Now coal is mined mainly with mechanization in China, which is planned to reach 80% in major State-owned coal mines in 2000 according to the planning of the government (Li et al., 1998; Tang Dejin, 1998).Compared with the USA and Australia, China has more complex coal geological structures. Based on high-resolution seismic technique in coal exploration, a new seismic technique with high-precision and high-resolution (2-D and 3-D) has been developed for the purpose of detecting small geological structures in coal mine construction and production to meet the needs of large-scale popularization of mechanized coal mining in China. The technique is low in cost and requires a relatively short period of exploration, with high precision and wide-range applications. In the middle of t 相似文献
15.
Hydrogen peroxide can oxidize or reduce a number of biological important trance metals in seawater. Therefore, it can indirectly affect the marine ecosystem by causing the changes in the speciation of these metals. The results of researches about hydrogen peroxide in seawater in the last more than thirty years were reviewed and the direction of study in the further was proposed in this paper. Hydrogen peroxide can be found rather ubiquitously in the upper water at concentration of 0~102 nmol/L. In water column the maximum of the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide presents in surface water and the concentrations decrease with the increase of depth. In general, the concentrations in costal seawater are higher than these in the oligotrophic ocean. Diel variation of hydrogen peroxide occurs in seawater: the concentrations increase since sunup until the mixmum of afternoon and decrease until the minimum at drawn. The sources of hydrogen peroxide in marine environment include photochemical production, atmospheric deposition and biological production, and the photochemical production is primary among them. The sinks of hydrogen peroxide in the ocean consist of biological and chemical and photochemical decomposition and the main one is biological decomposition. The biogeochemistry of hydrogen peroxide in the continental shelf influenced by river water and factors affecting photochemical production and detail of decomposition should be studied in the future. 相似文献
16.
采用北京、天津、沈阳、哈尔滨等6站近百年的实测资料,诊断分析了华北、东北地区的气温和降水量的变化趋势及相互关系。分析结果表明:近百年来北京等地年平均气温和冬季1月的月平均气温均有上升趋势,且东北地区比华北地区上升的幅度大,冬季1月的月平均气温比年平均气温上升幅度大。部分地区的夏季7月的月平均气温呈下降趋势。同期月平均气温和月降水量有负相关关系,尤其以5月、6月、7月最为明显。 相似文献
17.
Speciation of dissolved selenium in the Kaoping and Erhjen rivers and estuaries,southwestern Taiwan 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Analytical methods of dissolved Se species in river water and seawater were established and applied to study dissolved Se speciation in the Kaoping and Erhjen rivers and estuaries, southwestern Taiwan. The Kaoping and Erhjen rivers and estuaries were respectively in relatively oxygenated and oxygen-deficient conditions as revealed from the distributions of dissolved oxygen, DOC, nutrients, and dissolved Mn. Concentrations of dissolved total Se increased downstream in the riverine sections, ranging from 0.6 nM to 1.2 nM for the Kaoping River and from 0.8 nM to 1.05 nM for the Erhjen River. The dissolved total Se was only slightly higher in the Erhjen middle estuary than in the Kaoping middle estuary in spite of heavier pollution in the former. The dissolved total Se behaved rather conservatively in the Kaoping estuary but nonconservatively in the Erhjen estuary resulting from anthropogenic inputs, and in this respect showed similarities with the behavior of redox-sensitive Mn. The predominant species of selenium were Se(VI) and organic Se in the Kaoping River and Se(VI) in the Kaoping estuary. The elevated concentration of Se(VI) in the Kaoping estuary may stem from the degradation of organic Se and oxidation of Se(IV). On the other hand, Se(IV) and organic Se were equally dominant in the Erhjen River, and Se(IV) was predominant through most of the Erhjen estuary. The elevated distribution of Se(IV) in the Erhjen middle estuary may result mostly from partial decomposition of organic Se, but further oxidation of Se(IV) was inhibited in reducing waters. However, Se(VI) became dominant at Erhjen outer estuary where water was oxygenated by the replacement of intruded coastal seawater. Apparently, the speciation of dissolved Se was mainly controlled by the biological and redox processes in the Kaoping and Erhjen rivers and estuaries. 相似文献
18.
刁江流域上游的矿山和矿山开发引发了显著的土壤环境地球化学变化,突出表现是沿岸形成了严重的土壤重金属污染带。污染带的分布与近20多年来的洪水淹没区和引水灌溉区呈现高度的一致性。上游地带的土壤污染区有明显的尾砂沉积,污染呈显性状态,而下游地带的尾砂沉积现象不明显,污染表现为隐性。无论是上游还是下游,土壤中的As、Pb、Zn、Cd含量均异常高。水田的犁底层对污染物质具有明显的隔断作用,而旱地淀积层中的污染物含量比较高,对污染物质的隔断作用不明显。污染耕地上生产的玉米中的Cd、Pb、Zn含量和大米中的Cd、Pb含量超过国家食品卫生标准。 相似文献
19.
1990年以来天山乌鲁木齐河上游水资源研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
乌鲁木齐河是我国西北地区典型的降水、冰川和地下水综合补给的内陆河,对其水资源的研究不仅是西北寒区旱区水环境和水资源研究的热点,而且对区域生态环境改善和经济可持续发展具有重要意义。乌鲁木齐河水文水资源的研究内容十分广泛,并取得了很多高水平的学术成果。从高山区气候变化与冰冻圈的相互影响,山区降水变化与径流的相互影响,出山口径流对气候变化的响应以及洪灾、致灾因子分析,流域内同位素、树轮气候和水环境研究等四个方面总结了相关研究。结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐河上游气候趋于暖湿。气温的升高很大程度上受冬季气温大幅度升高影响,气温对高山区冰川积雪的影响要大于降水;冬季负积温也加快了冻土的消融;气温和降水的变化导致乌鲁木齐河上游河段冰川后退加速,积雪融化、雪线上升,冻土活动层增厚。（2）乌鲁木齐河流域降水量和降水变化速率具有明显的垂直特征,在中高山地区降水量和降水变率较大;山区降水还具有年代际特征,20世纪90年代以来,山区降水量呈现增加趋势并促进了山区径流量的增加。（3）降水量和冰川融雪量的增加,很大程度上加大了乌鲁木齐河流域山区的径流量,使得出山口区域洪水灾害的发生频率增加。（4）同位素分析的运用对探索径流形成和转化的机理具有重要意义。树轮研究为乌鲁木齐河流域气候变化序列的重建提供了技术手段。今后,乌鲁木齐河水资源承载力、水循环过程和水污染问题,是区域实现生态环境建设和可持续发展的重要研究内容。 相似文献
20.
Dmitri Piterski 《GeoJournal》1997,43(4):385-388
The author examines the recent situation in the development of cities in Russia. Recent trends include a lack of growth and even a decrease in population; extensive economic restructuring; a grave ecological situation in cities; and recent peculiarities in the geopolitical situation and population migration. Due to the new economic, demographic, geopolitical and social situation in Russia it is necessary to re-evaluate the prospects for the development and growth of the big cities in this country. The system of basic documents for regional and city planning in the former USSR and in Russia includes different stages: from The General Scheme for the Settlement Systems of the Country and The Regional Territorial Complex Schemes of Environmental Protection in different regions to the detailed plans for the different parts of cities and towns. The shortcomings of this system and in the process of the realization of the schemes of regional planning and general plans for cities are documented. 相似文献