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最近几年,人们提出了利用电法来寻找油气藏的可能性。如果从不同地电断面所表征的若干油田电测井资料的研究中,可以确定平均地电参数的话中,那么,利用各种电测深资料来定量解释异常是可以实现的。由深部含油层所引起的直流视电阻率异常,取决于含油层上下岩层的电阻率,以及所采用的电极装置形式。径向偶极装置将得到最大的异常值,其次才是其他电极装置,象施芦姆贝格尔装置和温纳装置。当目的层下部的电阻率比上部低的时候,就会获得最大视电阻率异常;视电阻率的相对异常总是和含油层与上覆岩层横向电阻的比值相同。当采用径向偶极装置的时候,有限延伸的含油层并不使无限延伸含油层异常值发生明显的改变,在此情况下最小极距大约为埋藏深度的4倍。在含油层附近,埋设一个供电电极就会使异常幅值增大;最大异常出现在和深度相接近的极距上。在若干油田中,只有0.1～10％的油田能够引起典型的视电阻率异常。对于较大的油田可以探测到这些异常,而对较小的油田则必须在改善电测深方法的探测能力之后,才能探测到它的异常。 相似文献
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曲潭测区内地形较平坦,多为第四系覆盖,表层土质较均匀,接地条件较好,选择五极纵轴电测深法在区内寻找岩溶地下水,通过视电阻率及激电二次场的测量,对物探异常的解译和深部钻孔验证,成功找到日出水量达千吨以上的岩溶地下水,为今后在灰岩地区寻找岩溶地下水提供借鉴意义。采用物探方法寻找岩溶地下水是一种不可替代的勘查方法,可以减少单纯钻探成井的盲目性,提高找水的成功率。 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2019,(5)
湘东地区红层盆地地下水勘探一直是一个难题,这里主要探讨采用综合地球物理方法研究该地区找水的有效性。结合工程实践,首先采用激电中梯扫面划分区内次级构造,确定低阻含水构造的水平位置;其次采用直流充电法电位梯度测量分析已知井部位地下水的连通性;最后利用激电联合剖面法和激电对称四极测深确定低阻带的垂向展布形态。同时,进一步开展高密度电法研究布设孔位和反演视电阻率异常之间的关系,最终确定钻探井位。后期的钻探结果表明,激电中梯扫面异常比较直观,地表水平定位方面比较精确,激电测深视电阻率二维反演结果能够有效反映低阻带垂向展布形态,两种方法相结合对湘东地区红层盆地地下水进行综合勘探是一种行之有效的方法。 相似文献
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<正> 在普查找钾的钻孔中,由于采用高浓度的盐水泥浆钻进,而给电测井工作带来极为不利的影响。在此类钻孔中进行电测井工作,即不象石油钻孔那样,采用大口径钻进,划分比较大的层位,因而可采用大极距的普通电阻率测井;也不同于找煤钻孔在低矿化度泥浆中采用小极距的普通电阻率测井。如何在高浓度盐水泥浆钻孔中,按照普查找钾的地质要求开展电测井工作,是我们面临的一个新课题。淮钾1井的测井工作是由江苏石油勘探指挥部承担的,采用4m底部梯度电极系进行了视电阻率测井。采用这样大的极距在石油大口径钻孔中,按照石油地质的要求是可行的。对于 相似文献
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浅谈测井方法在工程勘察中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球物理测井应用于工程勘察中,能够较好地解决用钻探不易解决的问题,如有效判别薄夹层、寻找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带、判断孔内土层稳定性以及测定土层的速度等。其中自然伽马测井曲线在判定含砾粘土夹层及软弱薄粘土夹层等方面具有较高的准确性;声波、井径、自然γ、视电阻率等测井方法可有效查找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带,特别是声波测井曲线异常更为明显;另外跨孔实测剪切波速还可进行地基土加固效果检验。 相似文献
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泰安地区岩溶富水构造激电测深法异常类型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大量的抗旱打井找水开发深层岩溶地下水资源实例证明,泰安岩溶区不同岩溶形态富水构造激电测深异常类型及成因有一定规律可循.富水构造上的电测深曲线异常类型可划分为缓升型、缓降型、低阻V型、低阻平台型,富水地段电测深视电阻率断面等值线异常类型可划分为低阻台阶型、低阻梯度带型、低阻U型.以溶洞等岩溶形态为主的富水带引起相对低视电阻率、低视极化率、低半衰时及衰减度低异常,出现激电测深法多参数“同步低”异常;以断层构造破碎为主的富水带引起相对低视电阻率及低视极化率异常,产生相对高半衰时及衰减度极大值异常,出现视电阻率与激电测深法多参数“反相”异常. 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2019,(5)
四川盆地边缘的"红层地区"地质结构复杂,水文地质条件差,主要是因为泥岩层渗透性差,以及地下水的赋存方式并非在砂岩空隙中,而是赋存于构造裂隙带;在钙质含量较高的砂岩或砂质泥岩中构造裂隙带也可能形成岩溶水;风化壳一般也会含水,但含水量不够大。尤其在沐川县凤凰村的红层地区缺水严重,影响到当地居民的正常生活,大量的实践证明红层地区找水难度大。为了寻找充足的水源采用了高密度电法、激电法进行综合分析以准确把握各地层的视电阻率的情况,寻找富水性好的构造裂隙带,确定探采结合井的井位,使用电测井方法验证,该综合方法在沐川县凤凰村找水中取得了很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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屋顶雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层连通示踪试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雨水回灌后对岩溶水的影响分析和效果需要对回灌井和下游的观测井监测数据说明。由于岩溶含水层中岩溶发育极不均匀,在测定地下水位并判定出地下水流向的基础上,连通示踪试验是选择与回灌井相对应的观测井的有效办法。用氯化钠作为示踪剂,监测不同测井不同埋深地下水电导率随时间变化的方法确定了岩溶水观测井选址、岩溶含水层的结构及水文地质条件。示踪试验结果表明,3#观测井(西院井)可用来监测雨水回灌效果,并计算出该地区的地下水势流速在9 m/h～20 m/h之间。该成果对北方地区岩溶含水层回灌和环境评价具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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The Western Desert of Egypt is an area of natural expansion for agricultural, industrial, and civil activities. This expansion has led to a great demand for groundwater. In the central part of Egypt, on the western limestone plateau, vertical electrical sounding and borehole geophysical logging were conducted to delineate aquifer boundaries. The measurements were interpreted using the lithological information from the drilled wells as a constraining factor. Fractured chalky limestone sediments represent the main aquifer, which is covered by sand and gravel deposits and which rests directly on partially saturated and highly resistive massive limestone. Discontinuous clay layers, which overlie the aquifer unit, were detected in the southern part of the study area as well as a relatively thin marly limestone layer in the northern part. The integrated analyses carried out represent a significant and cost-effective method for delineating the main aquifer in this area. In turn, future well locations can be placed with more confidence than before, in accordance with the evaluation of the potentiality of the groundwater aquifers in the area. Although the groundwater is normally brackish, it can serve the acute demands for water, especially for agricultural purposes. 相似文献
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Oderson Antônio de Souza Filho Adalene Moreira Silva Armando Zaupa Remacre Sérgio Sacani Sancevero Anne Elizabeth McCafferty Mônica Mazzini Perrotta 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(4):905-916
Geostatistical modeling, using airborne and borehole electromagnetic data, was used to estimate electrical conductivity in groundwater within fractured paragneisses and migmatites in a semi-arid climate in northeastern Brazil. Despite the geologic heterogeneity of crystalline aquifers, the use of high resolution helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data enabled the characterization of groundwater electrical conductivity where data from drilled wells were insufficient. The tacit assumption is that HEM measurements can be used to relate rock electrical conductivity to groundwater electrical conductivity. In this study, the HEM data were used as an external drift variable in non-stationary estimation and stochastic simulation to identify the variability of groundwater electrical conductivity. Validation tests, comparing predicted values for groundwater conductivity with measurements in new wells, confirmed the success of these models in locating fresh groundwater sources in crystalline bedrock. 相似文献
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Byung Sun Lee Sung-Ho Song Jin Sung Kim Jae Yeon Um Kyoungphile Nam 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1521-1532
This study was conducted to identify the availability of coastal groundwater discharge (CGD), subsurface fluids flowing from inland through the coastal area to sea, as an alternative water resource for a large-scale reclaimed land. The behaviors of stable isotopes indicated that groundwater originated from inland precipitation and traveled as CGD along the coast line. Most of the groundwater samples collected from domestic wells installed along the old coast line were considered to be relatively fresh from the correlation analysis among chemical constituents. The average electrical conductivity (EC) values of the samples were identified as averaging 1,125–1,297 μS cm?1, corresponding to appropriate crop growth. A weathered-rock layer in a small catchment within the reclaimed land was proved to be a main CGD pathway, with electrical resistivity anomalies ranging from 7 to 14 Ω m. Five monitoring wells were placed in this catchment to delineate the occurrence of CGD. Long-term vertical EC profiling results for the monitoring wells indicated that CGD occurs within a depth of 30 m below the ground surface. Annual monitoring data for groundwater level and EC demonstrated that the water quality of CGD was improved by introducing fresh terrestrial groundwater. A remarkable improvement in water quality (EC decrease of 900–1,600 μS cm?1) of CGD was observed during the saline water pumping test that explains how CGD could be an alternative water resource for the reclaimed land. 相似文献
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Travel times and flow paths of groundwater from its recharge area to drinking-water production wells will govern how the quality of pumped groundwater responds to contaminations. Here, we studied the 180 km2 Ammer catchment in southwestern Germany, which is extensively used for groundwater production from a carbonate aquifer. Using a 3-D steady-state groundwater model, four alternative representations of discharge and recharge were systematically explored to understand their impact on groundwater travel times and flow paths. More specifically, two recharge maps obtained from different German hydrologic atlases and two plausible alternative discharge scenarios were tested: (1) groundwater flow across the entire streambed of the Ammer River and its main tributaries and (2) groundwater discharge via a few major springs feeding the Ammer River. For each of these scenarios, the groundwater model was first calibrated against water levels, and subsequently travel times and flow paths were calculated for production wells using particle tracking methods. These computed travel times and flow paths were indirectly evaluated using additional data from the wells including measured concentrations of major ions and environmental tracers indicating groundwater age. Different recharge scenarios resulted in a comparable fit to observed water levels, and similar estimates of hydraulic conductivities, flow paths and travel times of groundwater to production wells. Travel times calculated for all scenarios had a plausible order of magnitude which were comparable to apparent groundwater ages modelled using environmental tracers. Scenario with groundwater discharge across the entire streambed of the Ammer River and its tributaries resulted in a better fit to water levels than scenario with discharge at a few springs only. In spite of the poorer fit to water levels, flow paths of groundwater from the latter scenario were more plausible, and these were supported by the observed major ion chemistry at the production wells. We concluded that data commonly used in groundwater modelling such as water levels and apparent groundwater ages may be insufficient to reliably delineate capture zones of wells. Hydrogeochemical information relating only indirectly to groundwater flow such as the major ion chemistry of water sampled at the wells can substantially improve our understanding of the source areas of recharge for production wells. 相似文献
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Sara M. Abuzied 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(7):501
The exploration of new locations for possible groundwater potentiality is required to support the needs of urban and agricultural activities in arid regions such as Wadi Watir basin. The aim of this study is to locate new groundwater wells that can help overcome the water shortage. In order to define favorable zones for groundwater potentiality, several essential factors contributing to groundwater potentiality were identified. These factors include textural classification of alluvial deposits, lithological units, surface and subsurface structures, topographic parameters, geomorphological features and land use/land cover. A hydrogeological prospective model was developed using spatial data which represent these factors. For final groundwater potential map, all factors were converted to raster data to integrate spatially as important thematic layers based on weightage analysis. The groundwater potential map was classified to five classes including very poor to very good potential. The classes of groundwater potential map were checked against the distribution of the groundwater wells, Bedouin communities and agriculture areas, which present a general knowledge of groundwater potential in the study area. 相似文献
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El Bahariya Oasis is a part of the great groundwater reservoir of the Western Desert of Egypt. The different stratigraphic units, the water-bearing zones, aquifer potentiality conditions, and the favorable locations for drilling new wells were evaluated by carrying out 24 Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VESs), along with the data of some wells drilled in the near vicinity of the measuring sites. The results of the interpreted field data revealed the presence of ten distinctive subsurface geoelectric layers; a thin surface, dry loose sand and gravel, sandy clay and shale interclations, saturated coarse sand layer, shale and clay, and saturated fine sandstone and saturated coarse sandstone. The aquifer is a multilayer aquifer with different thicknesses represented by the fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth geoelectric layers. Results also revealed that the thicknesses of the water-bearing horizons increase towards the east direction, consequently the aquifer potentiality increases. Therefore, the best production well locations are in that direction. Depth to water starts from 40 m at VES no. 14 and increases gradually toward the east to reach 66 m at VES no. 5. Hydrogeochemical analysis of two groundwater samples taken from Ein El Ezza and well no. 2 showed that groundwater in the study area is suitable for agricultural purposes but not for human consumption due to the high iron content. Recommendations concerning site selection for drilling new productive groundwater wells are given. 相似文献
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以松树头煤矿水文地质勘查为例,介绍了测井曲线在含水层解释中的应用。实例表明,自然伽马、自然电位和视电阻率三种曲线对含水层具有明显的异常反应,在含水层中,前二种曲线表现为负异常,后者表现为正异常;对于隔水层,前二种曲线则表现为正异常,而视电阻率表现为负异常。根据测井解释成果与钻孔消耗量、岩心及抽水试验资料相互印证,解释松树头煤矿ZK5-2钻孔368.30～406.42m段,从上到下依次为含水层、隔水层、含水层、隔水层四段。另外,从实例应用的三种曲线可知,视电阻率曲线对于岩石粒度及含水层具有明显的响应特征,极差高达117Ω.m。 相似文献