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1.
西藏日喀则地区蛇绿岩的氦同位素研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
测定了日喀则地区蛇绿岩组合岩石的稀有气体同位素组成。白朗的玄武岩具有比较均一的He同位素组成 ,3He/ 4He平均值为 5 35 9Ra;变橄岩的He同位素比值范围为 1 10 4～ 3 384Ra,平均为 2 383Ra;从东部的仁布和大竹到西部的下鲁和白朗 ,辉绿岩的3He/ 4He由低变高。采于吉定的新鲜辉绿岩平均高达 31 5 7Ra,该值接近于在夏威夷发现的高比值。分步加热法结果显示高R值的He是在低温步释放的 ,根据这种高R值的He可以推测雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的成因环境有地幔柱的作用 ,该构造带很可能出现过裂谷洋盆或未能发育成熟的深大裂谷带  相似文献   

2.
High 4He/3He ratios of 100 000 to 160 000 found at HIMU ocean islands (“high μ,” where μ is the U/Pb ratio) are usually attributed to the presence of recycled oceanic crust in the HIMU mantle source. However, significantly higher 4He/3He ratios are expected in recycled crust after residence in the mantle for periods greater than 1 Ga. In order to better understand the helium isotopic signatures in HIMU basalts, we have measured helium and neon isotopic compositions in a suite of geochemically well-characterized basalts from the Cook–Austral Islands. We observe 4He/3He ratios ranging from 56 000 to 141 000, suggesting the involvement of mantle reservoirs both more and less radiogenic than the mantle source for mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs). In addition, we find that the neon isotopic compositions of HIMU lavas extend from the MORB range to compositions less nucleogenic than MORBs. The Cook-Austral HIMU He–Ne isotopic compositions, along with Sr, Nd, Pb, and Os isotopic compositions, indicate that in addition to recycled crust, a relatively undegassed mantle end-member (e.g., FOZO) is involved in the genesis of these basalts. The association of relatively undegassed mantle material with recycled crust provides an explanation for the close geographical association between HIMU lavas and EM (enriched mantle)-type lavas from this island chain: EM-type signatures represent a higher mixing proportion of relatively undegassed mantle material. Mixing between recycled material and relatively undegassed mantle material may be a natural result of entrainment processes and convective stirring in deep mantle.  相似文献   

3.
In contrast to most other arcs with oceanic plate subduction, the Aegean arc is characterized by continent–continent subduction. Noble gas abundances and isotopic compositions of 45 gas samples have been determined from 6 volcanoes along the arc, 2 islands in the back-arc region and 7 sites in the surrounding areas. The 3He/4He ratios of the samples ranged from 0.027RA to 6.2RA (RA denotes the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio of 1.4×10−6), demonstrating that even the maximum 3He/4He ratio in the region is significantly lower than the maximum ratios of most oceanic subduction systems, which are equal to the MORB value of 8±1 RA. Regional variations in the 3He/4He ratio were observed both along and across the arc. The maximum 3He/4He ratio was obtained from Nisyros volcano located in the eastern end of the arc, and the ratio decreased westward possibly reflecting the difference in potential degree of crustal assimilation or the present magmatic activity in each volcano. Across the volcanic arc, the 3He/4He ratio decreased with an increasing distance from the arc front, reaching a low ratio of 0.063RA in Macedonia, which suggested a major contribution of radiogenic helium derived from the continental crust. At Nisyros, a temporal increase in 3He/4He ratio due to ascending subsurface magma was observed after the seismic crisis of 1995–1998 and mantle neon was possibly detected. The maximum 3He/4He ratio (6.2RA) in the Aegean region, which is significantly lower than the MORB value, is not probably due to crustal assimilation at shallow depth or addition of slab-derived helium to MORB-like mantle wedge, but inherent characteristics of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the Aegean arc.  相似文献   

4.
The geochemical characteristics of mildly alkalic basalts (24–25 Ma) erupted in the southeastern Kerguelen Archipelago are considered to represent the best estimate for the composition of the enriched Kerguelen plume end-member. A recent study of picrites and high-MgO basalts from this part of the archipelago highlighted the Pb and Hf isotopic variations and suggested the presence of mantle heterogeneities within the Kerguelen plume itself. We present new helium and neon isotopic compositions for olivines from these picrites and high-MgO basalts (6–17 wt.% MgO) both to constrain the enriched composition of the Kerguelen plume and to determine the origin of isotopic heterogeneities involved in the genesis of Kerguelen plume-related basalts. The olivine phenocrysts have extremely variable 4He / 3He compositions between MORB and primitive values observed in OIB (∼90,000 to 40,000; i.e., R / Ra ∼8 to 18) and they show primitive neon isotopic ratios (average 21Ne / 21Neext ∼0.044). The neon isotopic systematics and the 4He / 3He ratios that are lower than MORB values for the Kerguelen basalts clearly suggest that the Kerguelen hotspot belongs to the family of primitive hotspots, such as Iceland and Hawaii. The rare gas signature for the Kerguelen samples, intermediate between MORB and solar, is apparently inconsistent with mixing of a primitive component with a MORB-like source, but may result from sampling a heterogeneous part of the mantle with solar 3He / 22Ne and with a higher (U, Th) / 3He ratio compared to typically high R / Ra hotspot basalts such as those from Iceland and Hawaii.  相似文献   

5.
Helium, neon and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions have been measured in hydrothermal sulfide samples from the TAG hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Fluid-inclusion3He/4He ratios are 2.2—13.3 times the air value (Ra), and with a mean of 7.2 Ra. Comparison with the local vent fluids (3He/4He=7.5—8.2 Ra) and mid-ocean ridge basalt values (3He/4He=6—11 Ra) shows that the variation range of3He/4He ratios from sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions is significantly large. Values for20Ne/22Ne are from 10.2 to 11.4, which are significantly higher than the atmospheric ratio (9.8). And fluid-inclusion40Ar/36Ar ratios range from 287 to 359, which are close to the atmospheric values (295.5). These results indicate that the noble gases of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal sulfides are a mixture of mantle- and seawater-derived noble gases; the partial mantle-derived components of trapped hydrothermal fluids may be from the lower mantle; the helium of fluid inclusions is mainly from upper mantle; and the Ne and Ar components are mainly from seawater.  相似文献   

6.
Helium isotopic ratios ranging from 20 to 32 times the atmospheric 3He/4He(RA) have been observed in a suite of 15 basaltic glasses from the Loihi Seamount. These ratios, which are up to four times higher than those of MORB glasses and more than twice those of nearby Kilauea, are strongly suggestive of a primitive source of volatiles supplying this volcanism. The Loihi glasses measured span a broad compositional range, and the 3He/4He ratios were found to be generally lower for the alkali basalts than for the tholeiites. The component with a lower 3He/4He ratio appears to be associated with olivine xenocrysts, within which fluid inclusions are probably the carrier of contaminant helium. One Loihi sample has a much lower isotopic ratio (<5 RA), but a combination of low He concentration, high vesicularity, and presence of cracks lined with clay minerals suggests that the low ratio is due to gas loss and contamination by atmospheric helium.Crushing and melting experiments show that for modest vesicularities (<5% by volume) the Loihi glasses obey a MORB-type partitioning trend, but at higher vesicularities the data show considerably more scatter due to volatile mobilization. The high vesicularities, low extrusion pressure and generally low helium concentrations are consistent with a considerable degree of degassing. Analyses of dunites, plus a correlation between total helium concentrations with xenocryst abundances also suggest that xenocrysts are a significant carrier of contaminating (low 3He/4He) helium.3He/4He ratios from samples of other Hawaiian volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Mauna Kea) show a smooth decrease in 3He/4He with increasing volcano age and volume. We interpret this to be a synoptic picture of the time evolution of a hot-spot diapir: the earliest stage is characterized by primitive (> 30 RA) helium with some (variable) component of lithospheric contamination added during “breakthrough”, while the later stages are characterized by a relaxation toward lithospheric 3He/4He ratios (～ 8 RA) due to isolation of the diapir from the mantle below (as the plate moves on), and subsequent mining of the inherited helium and contamination from the surrounding lithosphere. The abrupt contrast in 3He/4He ratios between Kilauea and Loihi, despite their close proximity, is indicative of the small lateral extent of the plume.  相似文献   

7.
Primordial neon,helium, and hydrogen in oceanic basalts   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
A primordial neon component in neon from Kilauea Volcano and deep-sea tholeiite glass has been identified by the presence of excess20Ne; relative to atmospheric neon the20Ne enrichments are 5.4% in Kilauea neon and about 2.5% in the basalts. The20Ne anomalies are associated with high3He/4He ratios; the ratio in Kilauea helium is 15 times the atmospheric ratio, while mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Red Sea have uniform ratios about 10 times atmospheric. Mantle neon and helium are quite different in isotopic composition from crustal gases, which are highly enriched in radiogenic21Ne and4He. The21Ne/4He ratios in crustal gases are consistent with calculated values based on G. Wetherill's18O (α,n) reaction; the lack of20Ne enrichment in these gases shows that the mantle20Ne anomalies are not radiogenic.21Ne enrichments in Kilauea neon and “high-3He” Pacific tholeiites are much less than in crustal neon, about 2 ± 2% vs. present atmospheric neon, as expected from the much lower4He/Ne ratios.Neon concentrations in two Atlantic tholeiites were found to be only 1–2% of the values obtained by Dymond and Hogan; helium concentrations are slightly greater and our He/Ne ratios are greater by a factor of 150. The large Ne excess relative to solar wind and meteoritic gases is thus not confirmed. Pacific and Atlantic basalts appear to be quite different in He/Ne ratios however, and He and Ne may be inversely correlated. He concentration variations due to diffusive loss can be distinguished from variations due to two-phase partitioning or mantle heterogeneity by the effects on3He/4He ratios. The He isotopic and concentration measurements on “low-3He” basalts are consistent with diffusive loss and dilution of the 3/4 ratio by in-situ radiogenic4He, and may provide a method for dating basalt glasses.Deuterium/hydrogen ratios in Atlantic and Pacific tholeiite glasses are 77% lower than the ratio in seawater. The inverse correlation between deuterium and water content observed by Friedman in erupting Kilauea basalts is consistent with a Rayleigh separation process in which magmatic water is separated from an initial melt with the same D/H ratio as observed in deep-sea tholeiites. The consistency of the D/H ratios in tholeiites containing primordial He and Ne components indicates that these ratios are probably characteristic of primordial or juvenile hydrogen in the mantle.  相似文献   

8.
In an attempt to determine the helium and neon isotopic composition of the lower oceanic crust, we report new noble gas measurements on 11 million year old gabbros from Ocean Drilling Program site 735B in the Indian Ocean. The nine whole rock samples analyzed came from 20 to 500 m depth below the seafloor. Helium contents vary from 3.3×10−10 to 2.5×10−7 ccSTP/g by crushing and from 5.4×10−8 to 2.4×10−7 ccSTP/g by melting. 3He/4He ratios vary between 2.2 and 8.6 Ra by crushing and between 2.9 and 8.2 by melting. The highest R/Ra ratios are similar to the mean mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) ratio of 8±1. The lower values are attributed to radiogenic helium from in situ α-particle production during uranium and thorium decay. Neon isotopic ratios are similar to atmospheric ratios, reflecting a significant seawater circulation in the upper 500 m of exposed crust at this site. MORB-like neon, with elevated 20Ne/22Ne and 21Ne/22Ne ratios, was found in some high temperature steps of heating experiments, but with very small anomalies compared to air. These first results from the lower oceanic crust indicate that subducted lower oceanic crust has an atmospheric 20Ne/22Ne ratio. Most of this neon must be removed during the subduction process, if the ocean crust is to be recirculated in the upper mantle, otherwise this atmospheric neon will overwhelm the upper mantle neon budget. Similarly, the high (U+Th)/3He ratio of these crustal gabbros will generate very radiogenic 4He/3He ratios on a 100 Ma time scale, so lower oceanic crust cannot be recycled into either MORB or oceanic island basalt without some form of processing.  相似文献   

9.
Helium isotope compositions of the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts in the Cenozoic basalts in the eastern China were measured. The samples were collected from Ludao of Heilongjiang, Huinan and Jiaohe of Jilin, Kuandian of Liaoning, Hannuoba of Hebei, Nüshan of Anhui, Dingan of Hainan. The3He/4He ratios of the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts from the most areas were about 1 × 10-5, and were similar to those of the MORB, thus reflecting the characteristics of the MORB-typed depleted mantle. The3He/4He ratios of the mantle xenoliths from Jiaohe were 4.8×10-6 and the3He/4He ratios of xenoliths from Hannuoba vary from 0.15× 10-6 to 7.4 ×10-6, obviously lower than those of the MORB, and even lower than the atmospheric helium isotope ratios, indicating that the continental mantle was strongly replaced in Jiaohe and Hannuoba areas. The helium isotope compositions of the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts in the same region vary in a very wide range. It is inferred that the mantle xenoliths and megacrysts were from different parts of the continental mantle. There were not necessary origin relations between the mantle xenoliths, megacrysts and their host basalts. An extremely high3He/4He ratio of garnet megacryst from Hannuoba, Hebei was found.  相似文献   

10.
Neodymium isotopic analyses have been measured on nine ophiolites and four orogenic lherzolites. εNd varies from +12 to +3 in the ophiolites and from +18 to +2 in the orogenic lherzolites. The majority of the analyses plot on a εNd-εSr correlation line as defined by Nd and Sr isotopic analyses of oceanic basalts. However, certain ophiolitic and lherzolitic samples exhibit high87Sr/86Sr ratios and as such lie to the right of the correlation line towards seawater compositions.From these data one can postulate several origins for ophiolites including that of mid-ocean ridges and ocean islands. If the orogenic lherzolites are interpreted as representative of the mantle occurring below active ridges a more complex model is required involving mantle heterogeneity and multi-episodic chemical fractionation starting prior to 2 Ga ago.  相似文献   

11.
3He/4He ratios have been obtained for basaltic, intermediate and acid volcanic glasses from Iceland. Basaltic glasses exhibit a wide range of 3He/4He ratios (4 < R/Ra < 24), which is consistent with the previously recorded range for Icelandic geothermal systems. In contrast the glasses with intermediate and acid compositions have 3He/4He values close to the atmospheric value (Ra) with the exception of a 13-Ma sample which has R/Ra= 0.07. 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd ratios and δ18O values are reported for the same samples.3He/4He does not correlate with either 87Sr/86Sr or 143Nd/144Nd ratio and radiogenic components of He, Sr and Nd have apparently been decoupled. Interaction of Icelandic magmas with hydrothermally altered and older Icelandic crust is the preferred explanation for variable and often low δ18O values. It is suggested that primary 3He/4He ratios may have been modified by incorporation of radiogenic helium developed within the Icelandic crust to impose a larger range of 3He/4He ratios on the erupted products than was actually inherited from the mantle beneath Iceland. Intermediate and acid samples have all been severely contaminated by atmospheric helium, most probably at very shallow levels within the crust.  相似文献   

12.
The distribution and isotopic composition of helium has been measured in a suite of well-characterized one-carat diamonds from the Orapa kimberlite, Botswana. Crushing of the diamonds in vacuo indicates that most of the helium is contained by the matrix (generally greater than 90%), rather than by the inclusions. Step-heating experiments, performed on inclusion-free fragments remaining after crushing, indicate that the3He/4He ratio is variablewithin individual diamonds. The fragments, as small as 10 mg, were heated in two timed steps, both at 2000°C. In every case, lower3He/4He ratios are observed in the first graphitization step (0.05–3 × atmospheric), while the last heating step releases helium with systematically higher3He/4He ratio (30–80 × atmospheric). We suggest that this internal isotopic variability is the result of stepwise graphitization: the first heating step initiates graphitization, which nucleates around defects, and the second heating step graphitizes the relatively defect-free regions of the diamond. The3He/4He ratio measured, using the partial graphitization technique, differs by up to a factor of 100 within a single specimen. The inclusion-free fragments release small quantities of helium below 2000°C, which suggests that helium release is obtained only by graphitization. The3He contents of the monocrystalline diamonds are relatively constant (at 3 × 10−13 cm3 STP/gram) and indicate that most of the isotopic variability is due to radiogenic4He. The variations in4He content are either related to zoning of Th and U in the diamonds (i.e., in-situ decay), to zoning of inherited4He, or to implantation of α-particles from a Th and U rich environment (i.e., kimberlite). Because the Orapa diamonds were mined from roughly 40 m depth in the kimberlite, spallation reactions from cosmic ray interactions are not a significant source of3He. However, calculations based on the age of the kimberlite (90 m.y.) and reasonable Th and U abundances suggest that most of the3He in the Orapa diamonds could be produced by6Li(n, α)T in the diamond. Although this may not be true of all diamonds, nuclear reactions in the crust and mantle (including spallation reactions at the surface) can explain many of the high3He/4He ratios previously reported for diamonds.  相似文献   

13.
Mantle-derived volatiles in continental crust: the Massif Central of France   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
CO2-rich gases and groundwaters from springs and boreholes originating within the basement of the Massif Central have variable3He/4He ratios with correspondingR/Ra values ranging from 0.8 to 5.5 and 0.3 to 2.8 respectively, indicating the presence of a significant component of mantle helium. Molar concentrations of rare gases in the CO2-rich gases are approximately 5 orders of magnitude greater than in the waters and suggest that a near-surface Henry's Law fractionation has occurred between exsolving CO2 and water.δ13C values of the CO2-rich gases are in the range −4.2 to −6.1‰, i.e. in that range normally attributed to mantle carbon, but which could also represent an average crustal composition and therefore do not discriminate between mantle and crustal sources.C/3He ratios show 4 orders of magnitude variation from 1.4 × 1012 to 5 × 108 and, compared to a mantleC/3He ratio of 109, indicate that either a complex fractionation has occurred between mantle helium and mantle CO2 or more likely that mantle rare gases have been diluted by large quantities of CO2 with an average crustal carbon isotope composition. The regional distribution of3He and C does not show any obvious relationship to age or proximity of volcanic centres or major faults, suggesting that mantle-derived C and He components decoupled from their silicate melt sources at some depth.The results from this area of active fluid circulation suggest that C-isotope data derived from metamorphic terrains should be interpreted with great caution, but that input of some mantle-derived carbon is expected to accompany crustal extension.  相似文献   

14.
It is generally believed a variation of 3He/4He isotopic ratios in the mantle is due to only the decay of U and Th,which produces4 He as well as heat.Here we show that not only3He/4He isotopic ratios but also helium contents can be fractionated by thermal diffusion in the lower mantle.The driving force for that fractionation is the adiabatic or convective temperature gradient,which always produces elemental and isotopic fractionation along temperature gradient by thermal diffusion with higher light/heavy isotopic ratio in the hot end.Our theoretical model and calculations indicate that the lower mantle is helium stratified,caused by thermal diffusion due to*400℃temperature contrast across the lower mantle.The highest3He/4He isotopic ratios and lowest He contents are in the lowermost mantle,which is a consequence of thermaldiffusion fractionation rather than the lower mantle is a primordial and undegassed reservoir.Therefore,oceanicisland basalts derived from the deepest lower mantle with high3He/4He isotopic ratios and less He contents—the long-standing helium paradox,is solved by our model.Because vigorous convection in the upper mantle had resulted in disordered or disorganized thermal-diffusion effects in He,Mid-ocean ridge basalts unaffected by mantle plume have a relatively homogenous and lower!3He/4He isotopic compositions.Our model also predicts that 3He/4He isotopic ratios in the deepest lower mantle of early Earth could be even higher than that of Jupiter,the initial He isotopic ratio in our solar system,because the temperature contrast across the lower mantle in the early Earth is the largest and less4 He had been produced by the decay of U and Th.Moreover,the early helium-stratified lower mantle owned the lowest He contents due to over-degassing caused by the largest temperature contrast.Consequently,succeeding evolution of the lower mantle is a He ingassed process due to secular cooling of the deepest mantle.This explains why significant amount of He produced by the decay of U and Th in the lower mantle were not released,another long-standing heat–helium paradox.  相似文献   

15.
Neon isotopic ratios measured in olivine and basaltic glass from Iceland are the most primitive observed so far in terrestrial mantle-derived samples. Ratios were measured in gas released from olivine and basaltic glass from a total of 10 samples from the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, and one sample from central Iceland. The neon isotopic ratios include solar-like, mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like and atmospheric compositions. Neon isotopic ratios near the air–solar mixing line were obtained from the total gas released from glass separates from five samples. MORB-like neon isotopic compositions were measured in the total gas released from olivine and glass separates from four samples. Although there is clear evidence for a solar neon component in some of the Icelandic samples, there is no corresponding evidence for a solar helium ratio (320Ra>3He/4He>100Ra). Instead, 3He/4He ratios are mainly between 12±2(Ra) and 29±3(Ra), similar to the range observed in ocean island basalts, indicating that the He–Ne isotopic systematics are decoupled. The mantle source of Icelandic basalts is interpreted to be highly heterogeneous on a local scale to explain the range in observed helium and neon isotopic ratios. The identification of solar-like neon isotopic ratios in some Icelandic samples implies that solar neon trapped within the Earth has remained virtually unchanged over the past 4.5 Ga. Such preservation requires a source with a high [Nesolar]/[U+Th] ratio so that the concentration of solar neon overwhelms the nucleogenic 21Ne* produced from the decay of U and Th in the mantle over time. High [Nesolar]/[U+Th] ratios are unlikely to be preserved in the mantle if it has experienced substantial melting. An essentially undegassed primitive mantle component is postulated to be the host of the solar neon in the Icelandic plume source. Relatively small amounts of this primitive mantle component are likely to mix with more depleted and degassed mantle such that the primitive mantle composition is not evident in other isotopic systems (e.g. strontium and neodymium). The lower mantle plume source is inferred to be relatively heterogeneous owing to being more viscous and less well stirred than the upper mantle. This discovery of near-solar neon isotopic ratios suggests that relatively primitive mantle may be preserved in the Icelandic plume source.  相似文献   

16.
TheJindingoredeposit,locatedinthenorthwestYunnanProvince,isthelargestPb-Zndeposit(Pb Zn>15Mt1),averagingZn=6.08%andPb/Zn=1/4.7)inChinaatpresent.Toitsnorth,alargeCu-Co-AgdeposithasbeenfoundatBaiyangpingrecently1).TheJindingPb-Zndepositishostedinsandstonesa…  相似文献   

17.
Helium (He) and Argon (Ar) isotopic compositions of the Tertiary basic igneous rocks were determined by the high temperature melting extraction method. The selected samples for the studies included al-kaline basalts and diabases from the Jiyang basin,and the surrounding Shanwang and Qixia outcrops in the Shandong Peninsula,eastern China. The results show that the Paleogene basalts and diabases from the Jiyang basin yielded a wide range of P4 PHe abundance of (73.70-804.16)×10 P-8 Pcm P3 P STP·g P-1 P,with P3 PHe/ P4 PHe ratios of 0.374-2.959 Ra,which was lower than the MORB but evidently higher than the con-tinental crust value. The Neogene alkaline basalts from the Jiyang basin,Shanwang and Qixia outcrops have variable P4 PHe abundances ((42.34-286.72)×10-8 Pcm P3 P STP·g-1 P),and "continental crust-like" P3 PHe/ P4 PHe ratios (0.013-0.074 Ra). All of them contain atmospheric-like P40 PAr/ P36 PAr ratio (395.4-1312.7),reflecting the mantle sources with air components. Their low P3 PHe/ P4 PHe ratios are interpreted as the enrichment of the radiogenic P4 PHe mainly inherited from the mantle. He and Ar systematics show the mixing of MORB-type,air and a P4 PHe enriched member in the mantle source,suggesting that these igneous rocks originated from the depleted asthenospheric mantle mixed with an EMI component. Therefore,the present He and Ar isotopes do not support the viewpoints that the Cenozoic igneous rocks of Eastern North China were the products of mantle plume(s) activities.  相似文献   

18.
A large data base has recently accumulated on the concentrations of helium isotopes in diamonds mined from various regions. It was noted earlier (Ozima et al. (1985) [1]; Lal et al. (1989) [2]) that the frequency distribution of the4He concentrations is a fairly narrow one, whereas that of3He concentrations is a broad one with no pronounced peaks. The ratios 3He/4He, on the other hand show a broad maximum around 2 Ra (Ra equals atmospheric 3He/4He ratio, = 1.40 × 10−6) with a slow decrease over two orders of magnitude on either side. Does this imply that the diamonds sample a wide variety of helium reservoirs having a range of 3He/4He ratios but somehow attain similar4He concentrations? We propose that in a majority of the diamonds studied,4He is primarily due to implantation of radiogenic alpha particles from the host material after emplacement in the crust, usually kimberlite, and that the concentrations of4He in diamonds often get appreciably altered by this process. Thus the4He trapped in the diamond at the time of its crystallization is usually overwhelmed by the implanted helium and the measured 3He/4He ratios do not generally correspond to any “sources” in the mantle. However, the implanted4He resides in the outer 16 μm of the diamond, and the intrinsic4He and 3He/4He ratios in the diamond can be studied if its outer layers are removed.The wider implications of diamond being the “target” material for nuclear reaction products from the host material are discussed. Radiogenic3He produced in the host material is also implanted in the diamond, but this contribution is small on a gross basis. However, since the depth of implantation of3He is greater than that of4He, some of the very high 3He/4He ratios observed in diamonds could be due to the “implantation” of radiogenic3He. The radiogenic reactions in the host material can also contribute to appreciable21Ne in diamonds.  相似文献   

19.
Noble gas elemental and isotopic abundances have been analysed in eight samples of youthful basaltic glass dredged from three different locations within the Lau Backarc Basin: (1) the King's Triple Junction, (2) the Central Lau Spreading Centre at 18°S and (3) the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre at 19°S. Samples from the Lau central and eastern spreading centres have MORB-like helium isotopic ratios of approximately 1.2 × 10−5 (8.5 R/RA). In contrast, the samples from the King's Triple Junction yield helium isotopic ratios averaging 9.4 (±0.8) × 10−6 (6.7 ± 0.6 R/RA), systematically lower than the MORB-like value, which may be reflecting the addition of radiogenic 4He released from the descending slab. Neon isotopic ratios are enriched in 20Ne and 21Ne with respect to atmospheric ratios by as much as 23% and 62% respectively. These observations further confirm that non-atmospheric neon is a common characteristic of samples derived from the mantle. The helium and neon isotopic signatures in the samples can be explained by mixing of a primordial solar component, radiogenic and nucleogenic components produced by radioactive processes inside the Earth, and an atmospheric component. This reconnaissance survey of noble gases in a backarc basin indicates that current volcanism is dominated by magmas from the mantle wedge, a source similar to that from which MORBs are derived. The heavier noble gases (argon, krypton and xenon), however, show more atmosphere-like compositions, either indicating strong interaction of the magmas with the atmosphere or the presence of a recycled component derived from the underlying subducting slab.  相似文献   

20.
It has long been recognized that the Kii Peninsula in the southwest Japan arc is peculiar in a non-volcanic region, indicated by the presence of high temperature hot springs, high terrestrial heat flow and high 3He content in hot spring gases. Geophysical and geochemical studies were carried out to understand the geotectonic environment in the southern part of the Kii Peninsula. Most of the measured 3He / 4He ratios are similar or higher than air, indicating wide spread incorporation of mantle-derived helium into meteoric water. A region with rather high 3He / 4He ratios (> 4 RA) on the west side of the Omine Mountains coincides with the occurrence of high temperature hot springs. A deep crustal resistivity structure across the Omine Mountains was imaged by wide-band magnetotelluric soundings. A 2-D inversion with N–S strike using both TM and TE modes reveals two conductors, one in the upper (3–7 km depth) and the other in lower crust (25–35 km depth) to the west of the Omine Mountains. The distribution of microearthquakes and low-frequency tremors, and the existence of seismic reflectors indicate that the large conductor in the lower crust is related to aqueous fluids derived from the Philippine Sea plate. The upper-crustal conductive zone may also reflect the aqueous fluids trapped in the upper crust, which are presumably derived from the subducting slab. Considering the occurrence of seismic events in the subducting slab beneath the southern Kii Peninsula, the aqueous fluids generated by dehydration of the slab mantle could plausibly include MORB-type helium derived from the residual lithospheric mantle. Therefore, the high temperature hot springs and high 3He emanations in hot spring gases and other geotectonic events in the southern Kii Peninsula may be due to heat flux and mantle-derived helium discharged from aqueous fluid in the upper crust.  相似文献   

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