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1.
Acta Geotechnica - In 2015, a photogrammetry-based method was developed to measure soil deformation during triaxial testing with help of a handheld camera. Since this development, the... 相似文献
2.
The paper reviews the common techniques of volume change measurement during unsaturated soil testing, focusing in particular on a newly developed system by the authors. The advantages and accuracy of the system compared to other available volume measurement techniques are discussed. This is followed by the application of the system to the volume change measurement of a lime-treated clay soil during suction-controlled triaxial testing, and a discussion on the behaviour of the soil during shearing. 相似文献
3.
Based on the three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique, the stereovision system has been applied to the improved triaxial apparatus to obtain 3D full-field deformation of the specimen during triaxial testing. Through the calibration process, the 3D-DIC technique can obtain the accurate specimen’s spatial displacement deformation. Meanwhile, a subpixel edge detection algorithm has been combined with 3D-DIC technique to calculate the radial strain and the volume strain of the specimen directly. Furthermore, a series of consolidated drained and undrained triaxial tests were carried out on Hainan (China) sand specimens and measured by the conventional and the image measurement methods. Compared to the results measured by the conventional method, the image measurement technique can obtain the more experimental data, such as the 3D displacement field of the whole specimen, the local strain distribution, and so on. The measurement results also show the conventional method would be disturbed by the end constraints in triaxial tests so that the strength of the soil would be overestimated. Meanwhile, the middle of the specimen would be selected to calculate the stress–strain relationship without the influence of the end constraints in the proposed method. Based on the image measurement results, the proposed method has the potential to be used in geotechnical tests for exploring the soil’s progressive failure behaviors, inhomogeneous deformation and mechanical characteristics. 相似文献
4.
在控制吸力的非饱和土三轴试验中对试样进行变形测量,常规方法都存在一些难以克服的技术缺陷。数字图像测量技术的引入,为避免常规测量方法的技术缺陷对试验结果的影响提供了一种新的解决方案。同时,能够更加准确地测量受端部约束影响较小的试样中部1/3区域的局部轴向变形、径向变形和估算体积变形。在控制吸力条件下进行了非饱和压实土的三轴压缩试验,运用数字图像测量方法测量试样整体与中部1/3区域的变形,将两组试验数据进行比较分析,结果表明：端部约束对非饱和土试样变形有明显的影响,试样中部1/3区域的变形性质与试样整体存在明显差异,其试验结果更能反映非饱和土试样的基本变形性质。 相似文献
5.
应力路径对土的强度和变形性质具有重要影响。相对于饱和土而言,控制吸力条件下的非饱和土三轴压缩状态的应力路径研究更加复杂。随着非饱和土本构理论的不断发展,理论和试验研究结果表明,非饱和土弹塑性本构模型可以用来近似地描述非饱和土的强度和变形性质。因而,运用非饱和土弹塑性本构模型对控制吸力条件下的3种非饱和土三轴压缩应力路径试验进行数值模拟是一种有效的理论研究手段。采用Barcelona模型能够对此类试验进行较好的数值模拟,其研究结果表明,在控制吸力条件的三轴压缩状态下应力路径对非饱和土的强度和变形性质具有重要影响。 相似文献
6.
作为一种数字图像测量方法,亚像素角点检测能够在数字图像中可以发现角点的亚像素精度的位置（简称亚像素角点检测方法）。在土工三轴试验中应用该方法使得试样的变形测量更加简便。通过使用高精度标定板,对该数字图像测量方法进行了精度分析,结果表明亚像素角点检测方法的轴向和径向测量的标准差都达到了0.02个像素,相对测量精度达到10-4数量级。在三轴压缩试验条件下,同时使用高精度位移传感器和该测量方法对小变形的干性试样进行了变形测量,证明亚像素角点检测方法对试样变形的测量结果是精确可靠的。 相似文献
7.
针对研究区(黑方台地区)黄土的非饱和蠕变特性,采用改进型的FSR-10非饱和三轴蠕变仪进行了基质吸力控制条件下的三轴蠕变试验,研究发现:（1）当施加的偏应力较小时,黄土的变形较小,并具有一定程度的可恢复性,随着偏应力的增加,土颗粒需经过较长的时间才能够移动到新的位置,达到新的平衡,当偏应力增加到一定程度时,颗粒移动难以达到平衡,土样发生破坏。（2）在其他条件相同的情况下,围压与试样产生的变形量呈负相关,且围压越小,变形达到稳定所需的时间也越长;（3）在围压和偏应力水平一定的情况下,土体的变形量随基质吸力呈负相关,且基质吸力越小,蠕变曲线达到稳定所需的时间越长。 相似文献
8.
This study presents a sophisticated elastoplastic constitutive model for unsaturated soil using Bishop-type skeleton stress and degree of saturation as state variables in the framework of critical state soil mechanism. The model is proposed in order to describe the coupled hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soil irrespective of what kind of the loadings or the drainage conditions may be. At the same time, a water retention characteristic curve considering the influence of deformation on degree of saturation is also proposed. In the model, the superloading and subloading concepts are introduced to consider the influences of overconsolidation and structure on deformation and strength of soils. The proposed model only employs nine parameters, among which five parameters are the same as those used in Cam-Clay model. The other four parameters have the clear physical meanings and can be easily determined by conventional soil tests. The capability and accuracy of the proposed model have been validated carefully through a series of laboratory tests such as isotropic loading tests and triaxial monotonic and cyclic compression tests under different mechanical and hydraulic conditions. 相似文献
9.
宜昌-巴东段高速公路修建中形成了大量的路堑边坡,上覆为巴东组红层残坡积红土。降雨条件下,土体强度急剧下降,导致大量路堑边坡失稳。目前针对巴东组残坡积红土强度与变形特性开展非饱和试验的研究较少,为探索基质吸力对红土强度的影响,对红土进行了土水特征曲线、三轴强度试验,采用GDS三轴系统对红土进行了饱和及非饱和剪切试验,非饱和三轴试验采用了常含水量试验方法。结果表明:基质吸力对巴东红土强度影响很大。土体强度随吸力增大而呈非线性增长; 而基质吸力随着含水量增大而减小,即巴东组非饱和红土强度特性随土体含水量增大而变差。最后拟合出巴东非饱和红土的经验抗剪强度公式。研究成果对该区域工程实践具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
10.
将数字图像处理技术应用于土工三轴试验土样变形测量,提供了一种新的非接触变形测量手段。可消除传统三轴系统的变形测量误差,可测量土样任意部分的局部变形、剪切带的形成和发展过程,可定量分析橡皮膜嵌入的影响,还可实时跟踪并纪录土样变形过程。文中讨论了图像测量结果与传统测量结果的差别,指出对于标准的小三轴试样可以取中间40 mm左右的试样段进行变形测量以排除端部效应影响。 相似文献
11.
土体泊松比是反映土体侧向变形的重要参数,但是目前的研究应用与模型参数的重要性不相符.通过基于局部变形测量的三轴试验,分析了泊松比的变化规律:在相同的成样方法和控制密度条件下,同一种材料的颗粒排列组合结构基本类似,在不同围压条件下的试样变形规律基本保持一致;随主应力比的增加,切线泊松比也随之增加,建立泊松比与主应力比之间的关系更符合泊松比取值规律. 相似文献
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动载作用下非饱和粉土路基内部的水分迁移规律,对研究重载铁路在浸水状态下的路基稳定具有重要意义。基于范德堡原理,利用土样的电阻率特性,研制出一套基于GDS动三轴仪的非饱和土样含水率分布规律测试系统。利用该系统开展浸水动三轴试验,并对试验过程中非饱和试样的分层含水率进行连续测试,探究土样的初始压实度、动载的动应力幅值对非饱和土样内部水分迁移的影响规律。结果表明：该测试系统可在动三轴试验过程中对非饱和试样的分层含水率进行实时、无损、连续地测定,测试结果的最大误差为0.7%;非饱和土样在动载作用下随其含水率逐渐增大,土样的初始压实度对电阻率的影响程度减弱,接近饱和含水率时可忽略;土样初始压实度、含水率与土体电阻率具有确定的函数表达式,并具有良好的相关性及唯一性。结合试验结果分析认为：降雨及动荷载共同作用下,路基内水分在某一深度土体积聚,该区域孔隙水压力增大,强度降低,导致翻浆冒泥病害的发生;路基压实度及列车轴重增大,均会抑制路基内水分向下部迁移,有助于路基的稳定,但轴重增加,可能导致路基的失稳,当轴重大于临界动应力时,路基将发生破坏。 相似文献
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为了研究复杂应力条件下原状黄土的增湿变形特性，利用改进的非饱和土湿陷真三轴仪，在测量吸力条件下对原状黄土进行双线法分级浸水增湿试验，探讨力?水耦合作用下吸力的变化特性，研究真三轴浸水试验的增湿变形特性，以及吸力、净围压、中主应力和应力比对增湿变形的影响。研究结果表明：由ei-lgp压缩曲线确定了非饱和土的屈服点，屈服点之前，曲线的斜率近似相等；屈服点之后，曲线的斜率随着初始吸力的减小而减小，且非饱和土与饱和土的交点随着初始吸力的增大呈右下方移动趋势。等向压缩过程中，吸力随着净平均应力的增加近似呈线性减小趋势，初始吸力越小，吸力减小的速度越慢，且吸力变化量越小。均压分级浸水增湿时，吸力s随着浸水量w的增加而减小，增湿体变 随着浸水量w的增加而增大，不同净围压下的 -w关系曲线相互有交叉。交叉区域之前，净围压越大，增湿体变越小，而交叉区域之后，净围压越大，增湿体变越大。在同一净围压条件下，浸水量相同时，初始吸力越大，增湿体变越大。真三轴剪切增湿试验中，应力比k、中主应力参数b值和净围压?3皆对增湿变形有一定的影响。当q/p≤1时，增湿变形曲线前段下凹后段上凹，主要表现为体积增湿变形；当q/p>1时，增湿变形曲线只有下凹部分，主要表现为剪切增湿变形。增湿变形曲线的形态取决于k值和b值的不同组合。 相似文献
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为研究部分饱和状态下高填方回填土工后长期变形,对非饱和压实土在可控基质吸力下分别开展率敏性和蠕变试验,并分析两者间时效对应关系。率敏性试验采取不同加载速率的三轴剪切,分析基质吸力（0、100、200、300 kPa）、加载速率（0.40、0.02 mm/min）以及超固结比（1、4和8）对土体强度和变形特征的影响,并确定三轴剪切蠕变的三级加载应力水平为抗剪强度的0.45、0.65、0.85倍;在4种可控基质吸力（0、100、200、300 kPa）下参考陈氏加载法,按三应力水平分级加载开展非饱和压实土三轴剪切蠕变试验。试验结果表明：随着基质吸力的增加,其率敏性参数 ρ 减小,其率敏性降低;随着基质吸力逐渐增大,其蠕变初始最大速率、稳定蠕变速率以及蠕变变形量均显著减小;蠕变试验确定的应变速率−应变关系线与率敏性试验获得的应变速率−应变数据点基本吻合,证明两者间存在一定时效对应关系,且随着基质吸力的增大,这种时效对应关系更显著。 相似文献
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将数字图像测量技术应用于常规土工三轴试验,解决了常规土工三轴试验传统变形测量中的一系列难题。自主研发了三轴图像测量系统,发展历程可概括为3个阶段：（1）基于边缘识别的三轴试样变形图像测量,通过跟踪边缘位置的变化确定土样的径向变形,识别橡皮膜上的白色标志线确定土样的轴向变形;（2）基于角点识别的三轴试样变形图像测量,用方形标志块将橡皮膜表面离散成若干单元,测量跟踪单元每一角点（节点）的位置,可得任意时刻的土样表面节点的位移,应用有限元技术,可以得到土样表面的位移（变形）场和应变场;（3）三轴土样变形全表面数字图像测量,以基于角点识别的前表面三轴试样变形测量为基础,增设一组平面镜,用一台摄像机实现了圆柱体土样360度全表面的变形测量,得到每一时刻的表面变形场和应变场。三轴土样变形数字图像测量系统具有传统测量方法无可比拟的优点,对于推动土力学,特别是土的本构关系研究具有重要价值。 相似文献
16.
In this paper, the shear strength with respect to the matric suction of unsaturated soils was studied. For this purpose, unsaturated
triaxial testing procedures were applied to the undisturbed residual soil specimens. An apparatus for performing triaxial
tests was designed and constructed. In the tests, matric suction was controlled by using the axis translation technique, and
pore water volume changes were measured by means of a volume change transducer with 10 −8 m 3 sensitivity. The test results indicated that the matric suction contributes to the shear strength of unsaturated soil specimens,
and this contribution called suction strength varies non-linearly with respect to the matric suction. The logarithmic model
needing to know the air-entry value and the internal friction angle of a soil specimen for prediction of the suction strength
were presented and compared with the test results. It was found that suction strength values predicted from the proposed model
were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
17.
Relying on the application of the artificial freezing method on subway tunnel construction, a series of triaxial creep tests were carried out to study the creep behavior changes of Shanghai soft clay subjected to artificial freeze–thaw action. On this basis, MIP tests were conducted with the soil samples before and after creep for comparison to investigate the microstructure changes. The results indicate that freeze–thawed soil produces smaller creep deformation and instantaneous deformation than the unfrozen soil. On a micro-level, during the creep process, the soil skeleton reaches a new structure balance with smaller pore volume and pore area. But the diameter of the maximum pore increases. The change rate of total intrusion volume is a pivotal micro-parameter to evaluate creep strain as there is a good linear relationship between them. 相似文献
18.
考虑体变对非饱和土土-水状态的影响,将状态曲面函数引入传统的Vanapalli强度公式得到与孔隙比相关的抗剪强度准则,新准则使用饱和土的强度参数和两条不同孔隙比对应的土-水特征曲线。选择一种尾矿砂和高岭土的混合土料为研究对象,进行一系列的土-水特征曲线试验、吸力控制的等向压缩和三轴剪切试验。试验结果表明,新准则能更准确地预测非饱和土的强度,证明了传统强度预测的误差主要来源于忽略了体变导致的土-水状态变化,并提出在不同应力空间内精确地获得抗剪强度包线的方法,合理地解释了强度包线斜率在净应力-强度平面内随吸力增大、强度包线形状在吸力-强度平面内随净应力发生变化的特性。 相似文献
19.
地下水位降低将导致非饱和土体中净平均应力和基质吸力发生变化,从而引起土体体积变化。利用GDS非饱和土三轴仪,研究了重塑非饱和黏土在干燥过程中试样含水率变化和总体积变化。针对某一典型基坑,运用大型有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了井点降水而形成的二维饱和-非饱和稳态渗流。饱和土区域和非饱和土区域沉降变形有着本质的区别,基于试验和数值模拟结果,根据Fredlund非饱和土弹性体变本构模型和饱和土有效应力原理,分别估算了饱和土区和非饱和土区沉降变形量。结果表明,在总沉降量中非饱和土区的沉降量是不可忽略的。随着降水深度的增大,非饱和土区域沉降量在总沉降量中所占比例将逐渐增大。 相似文献
20.
用一系列吸力增量与净平均应力增量之比为常数的三轴排水固结试验探讨了非饱和土在p-s平面上的屈服特性、变形特性和水量变化特征,曲试验结果得到了初始屈服服线的形状、压缩指数和变化规律和广义土－水特征曲线,改进了Alonso提出的非饱和土的弹塑性模型。 相似文献
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