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Effect of gravel content on creep behavior of clayey soil at residual state: implication for its role in slow-moving landslides 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Soil creep is mostly manifested in slow-moving landslides. It is often the case for active slow-moving landslide with slip zone comprising clayey soil where creep would develop in the residual condition. If gravel is presented in clayey soil, this will have considerable impact on creep behavior of clayey soil. However, knowledge about creep behavior of the clayey soil containing gravel particles is scarce. This paper discusses creep behavior of natural clayey soil with gravel at residual state through a series of creep shear tests. Soil samples for this testing program were collected from the slip zones of two large slow-moving landslides in China. The collected soil samples consisted of clayey soil containing various amounts of gravel particles. The test results show that the soil specimens underwent two different creep patterns. An attenuating creep pattern was observed when the soil specimens were subjected to creep stress less than the residual strength, and a creep with increasing strain rate, or a nonattenuating creep pattern, with no evident secondary creep was noted when creep stress was intestinally increased to a level slightly greater than the residual strength. The creep patterns of clayey soil with gravel at the residual state observed in this study were noted to be very consistent with those of the gravel-free clayey soil reported in Bhat et al. (Int J Geomater 1(1):39–43, 2011, Nat Hazards 69(3):2161–2178, 2013) and Di Miao et al. (Eng Geol 162:53–66, 2013). This gives an indication that creep patterns of clayey soils with and without gravel at the residual state are essentially the same, or in other words, that the presence of gravel does not change the creep pattern of clayey soil. However, the test results in this study illustrate that the presence of gravel does have a notable effect on creep behavior of clayey soil. Specifically, the creep stress leading to creep failure of clayey soil and the minimum ratio of the creep stress to residual strength (RCSR) increased with gravel content, and the displacement until the tertiary creep was also larger in samples containing more gravel particles. It is postulated that creep behavior of clayey soil at the residual state in this study and its relationship with gravel content may be related to strength recovery and crushing of gravel-sized particles during creep. 相似文献
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土工格栅与土界面作用特性试验研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
土工格栅与土的界面摩擦特性指标是加筋土工程设计的关键。通过分析土工格栅与土的界面摩擦作用和进行了直剪摩擦试验和拉拔摩擦试验,测试了两种试验条件的界面摩擦特性。在两种试验条件下,土工格栅加筋土复合体的抗剪强度均有界面摩擦角φsq和界面凝聚力csq,且土工格栅与土相对位移量的不同,其复合体的强度机理有区别。在拉拔摩擦试验中,剪应力峰值强度对应的剪切变形值高于直剪摩擦试验中剪应力峰值强度的剪切变形值5～10倍以上。两种试验均有其适用性,而土与土工格栅的相对位移较小时直剪摩擦试验较能反映实际;土与土工格栅相对位移较大时土与格栅双面均发生相对位移,拉拔摩擦试验更为合适。随法向应力的增大,直剪摩擦和拉拔摩擦试验的剪应力峰值以及剪应力峰值对应的位移均提高。直剪摩擦的剪切速度小,剪应力峰值强度高,且达到峰值强度的剪切位移大;增加剪切速度,剪应力峰值强度降低,且对应的位移也减少,其原因是界面上的孔隙水压力消散和筋材的应力松弛。应根据具体工程的需要选择直剪摩擦试验和拉拔摩擦试验确定设计参数。 相似文献
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基于冻融交界面直剪试验的冻土斜坡失稳过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨多年冻土区自然斜坡失稳机制,开展了不同含水率黏土、粉土、砂土的土-冰交界面直接剪切试验和相应融土的直接剪切试验。结果表明,砂土和砂土-冰冻融交界面剪切应力-变形特性主要表现为弹性变形,且剪应力存在明显峰值;粉土、黏土及相应的冻融交界面在很小的变形范围内表现为塑性变形,且剪应力无峰值。水分对砂土活动层抗剪强度影响较弱,表现为水分增高,内摩擦角小幅降低。水分对粉黏土活动层抗剪强度影响剧烈,表现为水分增高,粉黏土黏聚力急剧减小。研究发现,冻土区斜坡失稳更易发生于细颗粒粉黏土中。相对于粉土,粉土-冰冻融交界面抵抗剪切变形的能力更强,粉土斜坡潜在滑动面更易发育在冻融交界面上层附近;相对于黏土,黏土-冰冻融交界面抵抗剪切变形的能力更弱,黏土斜坡更易在冻融交界面处发生滑动。同时,细粒土斜坡极易在达到最大融化深度前提前失稳,斜坡坡度越高,失稳时间越提前。融化期活动层水分增多导致潜在滑动面黏聚力降低是细粒土冻土斜坡失稳的最主要原因,孔隙水压对冻土斜坡具有一定影响,在稳定性评价时要考虑活动层水位的影响。 相似文献
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温度对非饱和土抗剪强度影响的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在室内试验的基础上,对不同含水量和干密度的粘性土试样进行了不同环境温度下的直剪试验,获得了南京地区非饱和下蜀土重塑土抗剪强度与温度的关系.试验结果表明:温度对粘性土的抗剪强度有比较复杂的影响.当含水量大于约18%时,土的抗剪强度随着温度的升高而降低,表现出强度的热软化现象;而当含水量等于或低于18%时,土的抗剪强度在干密度等于1.67g·cm-3时,几乎不受温度影响,而当干密度小于1.67 g·cm-3时,土的抗剪强度随着温度的升高而增加,呈现出强度的热同结现象.与此同时,还对土的热固结和热软化现象的机理进行了分析. 相似文献
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考虑地层分层特征,根据剪切位移法基本原理,推导了拉拔荷载作用下层状地层全长粘结型锚杆位移、轴力及锚固体周边剪应力解析解,并结合FLAC模拟算例对比验证该方法的可行性;研究发现地层间界面处锚杆周边剪应力及轴力分布分别存在突变点和折点,其变化程度与地层物理力学性质有关,对此,提出了层状地层全长粘结型锚杆布置方案的建议。 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):259-273
An important design parameter in cement-grouted soil nailed structures is the shear strength at the interface between the grouted nail and the surrounding soil. Both field and laboratory pull-out tests are normally used to investigate this interface shear strength. However, these tests have some limitations. In this study, direct shear box tests are adopted to investigate the interface shear strength behaviour between a completely decomposed granite (CDG) soil and a cement grout plate. Tests were carried out in a large direct shear test apparatus over a range of constant normal stress, soil moisture content, and soil–cement grout interface surface waviness. The laboratory test procedures are briefly described and the main test results are presented, followed by a discussion of the shear behaviour of the soil–cement grout interface. The interface shear behaviour is compared with the shear strength behaviour of the same soil tested under comparable conditions. It is shown that the shear stress–displacement behaviour of the soil–cement grout interface is similar to that of the soil alone. The test results indicate that the interface shear strength of the CDG and cement grout material depends on the normal stress level, the soil moisture content, and the interface surface waviness. 相似文献
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砂土中扩体锚杆承载特性模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在25个室内模型试验基础上,研究了均质砂土中竖向拉拔扩体锚杆的几何尺寸及埋深对其承载特性的影响。试验结果表明,根据深径比的不同,扩体锚杆可以分为浅埋与深埋扩体锚杆2种形式,它们在拉拔过程中均经历了土体弹性变形阶段、非扩体锚固段-土界面剪切破坏阶段、土体弹塑性变形阶段以及剪切破坏阶段,破坏特征分别表现为整体剪切破坏与局部剪切破坏。通过扩体锚杆与普通拉力型锚杆模型试验对比发现：与普通拉力型锚杆相比,扩体锚杆极限承载力、承载比与安全性均有大幅度提高。而通过增大扩体锚固段直径的方式提高扩体锚杆承载力的优势较为明显。此外,根据承载比分析,扩体锚杆存在最优扩体锚固段直径,因此,在实际工程中应寻找一个满足需要的最优扩体锚固段尺寸以取得较好的经济效益。 相似文献
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Ahmed M. Fahmy John R. de Bruyn T. A. Newson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(5):1525-1542
Two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis has been used to simulate the inclined pullout behavior of strip anchors embedded in cohesive soil. Previous studies by other researchers were mainly concerned with plate anchors subjected to loads perpendicular to their longest axis and applied through the centre of mass. This paper investigates the behavior of vertical anchors subjected to pullout forces applied at various inclinations with respect to the longest anchor axis, and applied at the anchor top and through the centre of mass. The effects on the pullout behavior of embedment depth, overburden pressure, soil–anchor interface strength, anchor thickness, rate of clay strength increase, anchor inclination, load inclination and soil disturbance due to anchor installation were all studied. Anchor capacity is shown to increase with load inclination angle for anchors loaded through the centre of mass; greater effects are found for higher embedments. The results also show that anchor capacity improves at a decreasing rate with higher rates of increase of soil shear strength with depth. In addition, the capacity of vertically loaded anchors is shown to approximately double when the soil–anchor interface condition changes from fully separated to fully bonded. Similarly, disturbed clay strengths adjacent to the anchor following installation cause a significant reduction in anchor capacity. The results showed a significant effect of the point of load application for anchors inclined and normally loaded. The effects of other parameters, such as anchor thickness, were found to be less significant. 相似文献
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低速滑坡的缓慢活动特征受其滑带岩土的蠕变行为控制。但是,新生型低速滑坡和复活型低速滑坡滑带岩土的蠕变行为显然分属于峰前状态和残余状态下的蠕变行为。两种状态下滑带岩土蠕变行为有何差异,国内外尚无明确认识。为此,本文以取自两个典型巨型低速滑坡——甘肃舟曲泄流坡滑坡和锁儿头滑坡滑带的含角砾黏性土为研究对象,分别采用直接剪切蠕变试验和直剪反复剪后的直剪蠕变试验方法,对比研究了峰前状态和残余状态下黏性土的剪切蠕变行为。研究发现,峰前状态和残余状态下,黏性土剪切蠕变均呈现阶段性,各阶段转换的临界剪应力均与正应力水平和角砾含量正相关。但是,峰前状态下黏性土蠕变具有明显的稳定蠕变阶段;残余状态下黏性土蠕变缺失这一阶段;前者加速蠕变临界剪应力大于后者、但小于峰值强度,后者加速蠕变临界剪应力略微大于残余强度。两种状态下,黏性土蠕变行为差异的根本原因在于土体内部的不同结构。 相似文献
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Deformation and strength characteristics of the soil of Sana'a, the Yemen Arab Republic, were investigated. Undisturbed soil samples were collected fro used in consolidation, collapse and strength tests. The classical and critical state compressibility parameters were determined using a one-dimensional collapsing potential of the investigated soil was determined by using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Consolidated undrained triaxial tests different types of samples: saturated samples and samples at natural moisture content. The stress history of the fine soils are in the range of normal except for the stiff fissured lean clay which exhibited a relatively high overconsolidated stress history. The loess formations exhibited a moderate to under wetting and loading. The investigated soils are characterized by having high shear strength when they have low moisture content and a drastic dec content increases. 相似文献
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构筑物与土体接触面力学行为是岩土工程研究的热点之一。基于一系列直剪试验,研究不同法向压力、土体含水率条件下黄土?水泥砂浆块界面剪切特性。结果表明,(1) 在土体含水率为9.2和13.1%条件下,法向压力为50、100 kPa时黄土?沙浆块界面剪切应力?位移曲线表现为应变软化型,且可分为峰值前、峰值后及残余阶段三部分,在法向压力为200、300 kPa时表现为应变硬化型;在土体含水率为17.1、20.8%条件下,不同法向压力时黄土?砂浆块界面剪切应力?位移曲线均为应变硬化型;(2) 黄土?砂浆块界面的抗剪强度包络线符合摩尔?库仑准则,随着含水率的增大,界面黏聚强度降低显著,摩擦强度略有增加,整体抗剪强度降低。当土体含水率由9.2%增加至20.8%时,界面黏聚力由41.5 kPa下降至3.6 kPa,界面摩擦系数由0.50增大至0.58。用非线性模型对界面剪切应力?位移曲线关系进行拟合,结果表明非线性模型可较好反映黄土?砂浆块界面的剪切特性。 相似文献
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This paper describes a modified elasto‐plasticity damage model to capture monotonic and cyclic behavior of the interface between a geotextile and gravelly soil. New damage variable and shear strength criterion are introduced on the basis of test observations. The formulations of the modified model are obtained by extending those of the original interface model. The model parameters with physical meaning are easily determined from a group of cyclic shear tests and a confining compression test. The model predictions are compared with the results of a series of direct shear tests and large‐scale pullout tests. The comparison results demonstrate that the model accurately describes the monotonic and cyclic stress–strain relationship of the interface between a geotextile and gravelly soil while capturing new characteristics: (1) the strength that is nonlinearly dependent on the normal stress; (2) significant shear strain‐softening; (3) the comprehensive volumetric strain response with dependency on the shear direction; and (4) the evolution of behavior associated with the changes in the physical state that includes the geotextile damage. This model is used in a finite element analysis of pullout tests, indicating that the tensile modulus of a geotextile has a significant effect on the response of the geotextile–gravel system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了解决无法采用已注浆锚索进行抗拔试验问题,基于界面脱黏剪切模型,利用荷载传递和弹性变形理论,考虑锚索锚固段与自由段长度比Lb /La的影响,建立了采用自由段已注浆锚索抗拔试验结果评价锚索抗拔性能的方法。结果表明：自由段注浆对锚索抗拔力有较大幅度的提高,尤其是当界面剪切阶段由弹性向脱黏过渡时,提高比例快速增加,并在脱黏后逐渐趋于稳定。其次,锚索自由段与锚固段交界面处剪切位移和轴力最大,并向两端逐渐降低。随着拉拔力的提高,界面剪切位移和轴力都不断增大,同时向锚索两端的衰减速度也加快。此外,弹性阶段时剪应力曲线为山峰型,而脱黏阶段为马鞍型,并随抗拔力的提高,马鞍开口逐渐扩大。最后,锚固段与自由段长度比Lb /La对锚索极限抗拔力的影响较小,其极限抗拔力折减系数?Q取值介于0.81～0.83之间,且Lb /La =2.5时,?Q计算值仅比实测结果小6.02%,验证了本文方法的可行性。 相似文献
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锚板在正常固结黏土中的承载力 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在岩土工程中,锚板通常被用来提供竖直或水平抗拔力,比如发射塔的基础、板桩墙结构和悬浮式海洋平台的基础。采用弹-塑性有限元方法对正常固结不排水黏土中的条形锚板进行数值分析,以图表形式给出了不同埋深率、不同上拔倾角、不同锚-土黏结形式下条形锚板的承载力系数和周围土体的流动机构,分析了土体自重对锚板承载力的影响,并给出了不同情况下锚板的极限承载力系数。采用基于重新划分网格并插值状态变量的大变形分析方法（RITSS）,分析了正常固结黏土中锚板在连续拔出过程中的承载力变化以及土重对锚-土分离模式的影响。 相似文献
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粘土与筋带直剪试验与拉拔试验对比分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
在土工合成材料加筋土工程中,土工合成材料与填土的界面作用特性直接决定加筋土工程的内部稳定性,所以土工合成材料与填料的界面作用特性指标是最关键的技术指标。对两种加筋材料与高液限粘土之间分别进行了直剪试验和拉拔试验,通过分析可得筋土之间的剪应力随着垂直压力的增大而增加,但随着垂直压力的增大筋土之间剪应力增长率减小,即随着垂直压力的增加,筋土之间的剪应力收敛于某一上限值;由于加筋材料在试样制作过程中不可避免地在土中发生凹凸变形使土体对筋带产生一定的锚固作用,拉拔试验所测得的似摩擦系数及似粘聚力均大于直剪试验所测得的似摩擦系数及似粘聚力。因此,实际加筋土工程中,拉拔试验更能较好地反映其真实的工作状态。 相似文献
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研究黏性土中桩土界面的抗剪强度及其参数受超孔隙水压力影响的规律,对工程实践具有重要意义。利用自制的大型恒刚度直剪仪,完成了一系列不同界面粗糙度、不同试样含水率和不同剪切速率试验条件下的直剪试验,分析了在不同试验条件下超孔隙水压力变化规律,进而得到考虑超孔隙水压力的桩土界面抗剪强度及其参数的变化规律。研究结果表明：随着界面粗糙度等级提高,桩土界面超孔隙水压力减小,桩土界面抗剪强度、有效黏聚力和有效摩擦系数增加;随着含水率的增加,桩土界面超孔隙水压力增加,桩土界面抗剪强度降低,含水率对桩土界面抗剪强度的影响主要是改变了桩土界面的黏聚力,黏聚力先增大后减小,对摩擦系数的影响较小;特定试验条件下,随着剪切速率的增加,桩土界面超孔隙水压力增加,桩土界面抗剪强度降低,桩土界面黏聚力先增大后又减小,变化幅度不超过2 kPa,对摩擦系数的影响较小。因此,桩土界面抗剪强度及其参数是界面粗糙度、试样含水率和剪切速率变化引起超孔隙水压力变化共同影响的结果,试验结果可供相关工程设计参考。 相似文献
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为研究复杂应力路径下粉质黏土强度特性,利用TSW-40型土壤真三轴仪,开展了不同试验条件下粉质黏土的真三轴试验。研究了真三维应力状态下粉质黏土应力-应变曲线变化规律,探讨了含水率、固结围压和中主应力比等试验条件对粉质黏土强度的影响规律,对比分析了真三维应力状态下 平面上粉质黏土试验值与Mohr-Coulomb（简称M-C）强度准则和双剪强度准则的差异。研究结果表明：真三维应力状态下粉质黏土的广义剪应力-剪应变曲线主要表现为应变硬化型。粉质黏土强度随中主应力比和固结围压的增大而增大,随着含水率的增大而减小。 平面上粉质黏土的强度包络线随静水压力 的增大向外逐渐扩展,随含水率 的增大向内逐渐收缩。 平面上M-C强度极限线和双剪强度屈服极限线与试验值对比分析表明,M-C强度准则描述土体强度时结果偏小,采用双剪强度准则时结果偏大。 相似文献
19.
以汶川震区漩口一带地震诱发的松散堆积体为研究对象,开展碎石土原状样和重塑样的现场直剪对比试验,探讨不同法向应力、不同粒度组成和不同含水率等条件下碎石土的剪切强度特性。研究结果表明,地质成因和岩土体结构相似、粒度组成不同且级配不良的碎石土的剪切强度特性具有相似性;原状样剪切强度明显高于相同干密度和含水率的重塑样;级配良好的碎石土应变硬化程度略高于级配不良的碎石土,当粒径大于5 mm的粗颗粒含量大于42.9%时,随粗颗粒含量增加,碎石土的内摩擦角增加,而粘聚力则先减小后增大;抗剪强度指标与含水率呈线性负相关关系,随着含水率增高,碎石土抗剪强度降低,其中粘聚力较内摩擦角下降更明显。综合前人研究和本次试验结果,建议汶川震区类似结构组分碎石土天然状态下的剪切强度指标c值取15±3 k Pa,φ值取30°±2°。 相似文献
20.
软黏土的结构性对其变形特性有很大的影响,由于成因等因素的不同,软黏土的结构性强弱不一,这也使得土体变形特性表现出差异性。为研究结构性强弱不同对软黏土长期变形特性的影响,人工制备含水率相同而结构强度不同的软黏土,对其进行三轴不固结不排水蠕变试验,研究结构性对软土长期变形特性的影响。试验结果分析表明,具有一定结构性的软黏土,当偏应力小于结构屈服应力时,土体结构损伤少,其蠕变变形量较小,一般不大于2%;而随着偏应力的增大,尤其是超过结构屈服应力时,土体结构出现大量破坏,应变增长很快,最终演变为临界型应变。相同偏应力作用下,土体结构性越强,各时刻的蠕变变形量也越小。在此基础上,以土体结构强度作为表征土体结构性强弱的量化参数,建立了考虑结构强度影响的长期变形预测公式。 相似文献