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1.
Stochastic assessment of GPS carrier phase measurements for precise static relative positioning 总被引：17，自引：11，他引：17
Global positioning system (GPS) carrier phase measurements are used in all precise static relative positioning applications.
The GPS carrier phase measurements are generally processed using the least-squares method, for which both functional and stochastic
models need to be carefully defined. Whilst the functional model for precise GPS positioning is well documented in the literature,
realistic stochastic modelling for the GPS carrier phase measurements is still both a controversial topic and a difficult
task to accomplish in practice. The common practice of assuming that the raw GPS measurements are statistically independent
in space and time, and have the same accuracy, is certainly not realistic. Any mis-specification in the stochastic model will
inevitably lead to unreliable positioning results. A stochastic assessment procedure has been developed to take into account
the heteroscedastic, space- and time-correlated error structure of the GPS measurements. Test results indicate that the reliability
of the estimated positioning results is improved by applying the developed stochastic assessment procedure. In addition, the
quality of ambiguity resolution can be more realistically evaluated.
Received: 13 February 2001 / Accepted: 3 September 2001 相似文献
2.
夏朝娟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,(6):121-123
GPS是一种全天候、高精度的连续定位系统,并且具有定位速度快、费用低、方法灵活多样和操作简便等特点,所以它在测量学、导航学及其相关学科领域,获得了极其广泛的应用。本文将以上海浦东新区某地块面积测量项目为例,概略叙述GPS在工程测量中的前期应用实例,并且将运用GPS得到的引测点对浦东地块进行面积测量。最后指出了GPS技术... 相似文献
3.
BeiDou、Galileo、GLONASS、GPS多系统融合精密单点 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着中国BeiDou系统与欧盟Galileo系统的出现以及俄罗斯GLONASS系统的恢复完善,过去单一的GPS导航卫星系统时代已经逐步过渡为多系统并存且相互兼容的全球性卫星导航系统(multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems,multi-GNSS)时代,多系统GNSS融合精密定位将成为未来GNSS精密定位技术的发展趋势。本文采用GPS、GLONASS、BeiDou、Galileo 4大卫星导航定位系统融合的精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)实测数据,初步研究并分析了4系统融合PPP的定位性能。试验结果表明:在单系统观测几何构型不理想的区域,多系统融合能显著提高PPP的定位精度和收敛速度。4大系统融合的PPP收敛速度相对于单GNSS可提高30%~50%,定位精度可提高10%~30%,特别是对高程方向的贡献更为明显。此外,在卫星截止高度角大于30°的观测环境下,单系统由于可见卫星数不足导致无法连续定位,而多系统融合仍然可以获得PPP定位结果,尤其是水平方向具有较高的定位精度。这对于山区、城市以及遮挡严重的区域具有非常重要的应用价值。 相似文献
4.
随着全球四大卫星导航系统格局的成型,卫星定位系统已从单系统模式发展为如今多系统、多频率融合定位、交互操作的模式。在分析多系统精密单点定位模型及各误差项处理策略的基础上,利用RTKLIB进行GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,BDS多系统融合精密单点定位试验,并分析其动/静态定位性能。实验结果表明:在单系统空间几何构型较差的情况下,多系统融合精密单点定位较单GPS定位精度可提高20%~40%,收敛时间可缩短35%~50%;在截止高度角超过40°的情况下,单系统会因可见卫星数量不足而无法完成连续定位,而多系统仍能实现高精度的连续定位。这在城区、山区或卫星遮蔽较严重的不利环境中有重要的利用价值。 相似文献
5.
With the increasing number of precise navigation and positioning applications using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), higher order ionospheric effects and their correction become more and more important.
Whereas the first-order error can be completely eliminated by a linear combination of dual- frequency measurements, the second-
and third-order residual effects remain uncorrected in this approach. To quantify the second-order residual effect, a simple
formula has been derived for GNSS users in Germany. Our proposed correction algorithm reduces the second-order effects to
a residual error of fractions of 1 mm up to 2 mm at a vertical total electron content level of 1018 electrons/m2 (100 TECU), depending on satellite azimuth and elevation angles. The correction formula can be implemented in real-time applications
as it does not require the knowledge of the geomagnetic field or the electron density distribution in the ionosphere along
the signal path. It is expected that the correction will enable more accurate positioning using the line-of-sight carrier-phase
measurements. 相似文献
6.
Analyzing GNSS data in precise point positioning software 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
This work demonstrates that precise point positioning (PPP) can be used not only for positioning, but for a variety of other
tasks, such as signal analysis. The fact that the observation model used for accurate error modeling has to take into consideration
the several effects present in GPS signals, and that observations are undifferenced, makes PPP a powerful data analysis tool
sensitive to a variety of parameters. The PPP application developed at the University of New Brunswick, which is called GAPS
(GPS Analysis and Positioning Software), has been designed and built in order to take advantage of available precise products,
resulting in a data analysis tool for determining parameters in addition to position, receiver clock error, and neutral atmosphere
delay. These other estimated parameters include ionospheric delays, code biases, satellite clock errors, and code multipath
among others. In all cases, the procedures were developed in order to be suitable for real-time as well as post-processing
applications. One of the main accomplishments in the development described here is the use of very precise satellite products,
coupled with a very complete observation error modeling to make possible a variety of analyses based on GPS data. In this
paper, several procedures are described, their innovative aspects are pointed out, and their results are analyzed and compared
with other sources. The procedures and software are readily adaptable for using data from other global navigation satellite
systems. 相似文献
7.
Oliver Montenbruck André Hauschild Peter Steigenberger Urs Hugentobler Peter Teunissen Shinichi Nakamura 《GPS Solutions》2013,17(2):211-222
An initial characterization and performance assessment of the COMPASS/BeiDou-2 regional navigation system is presented. Code and carrier phase measurements on up to three frequencies have been collected in March 2012 with a small regional network of monitoring stations. The signal and measurement quality are analyzed and compared with the Japanese Quasi Zenith Satellite System. A high level of stability is demonstrated for the inter-frequency carrier phase biases, which will facilitate the application of triple-frequency undifferenced ambiguity resolution techniques in future precise point positioning applications. The performance of the onboard Rubidium frequency standards is evaluated in comparison to ground-based hydrogen masers and shown to be well competitive with other GNSS satellite clocks. Precise orbit and clock solutions obtained in post-processing are used to study the presently achievable point positioning accuracy in COMPASS/BeiDou-2-only navigation. Finally, the benefit of triple-frequency measurements and extra-wide-lane ambiguity resolution is illustrated for relative positioning on a short baseline. 相似文献
8.
A combined algorithm of improving INS error modeling and sensor measurements for accurate INS/GPS navigation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Although the integrated system of a differential global positioning system (DGPS) and an inertial navigation system (INS)
had been widely used in many geodetic navigation applications, it has sometimes a major limitation. This limitation is associated
with the frequent occurrence of DGPS outages caused by GPS signal blockages in certain situations (urban areas, high trees,
tunnels, etc.). In the standard mechanization of INS/DGPS navigation, the DGPS is used for positioning while the INS is used
for attitude determination. In case of GPS signal blockages, positioning is provided using the INS instead of the GPS until
satellite signals are obtained again with sufficient accuracy. Since the INS has a very short-time accuracy, the accuracy
of the provided INS navigation parameters during these periods decreases with time. However, the obtained accuracy in these
cases is totally dependent on the INS error model and on the quality of the INS sensor data. Therefore, enhanced navigation
parameters could be obtained during DGPS outages if better inertial error models are implemented and better quality inertial
measurements are used. In this paper, it will be shown that better INS error models are obtained using autoregressive processes
for modeling inertial sensor errors instead of Gauss–Markov processes that are implemented in most of the current inertial
systems and, on the other hand, that the quality of inertial data is improved using wavelet multi-resolution techniques. The
above two methods are discussed and then a combined algorithm of both techniques is applied. The performance of each method
as well as of the combined algorithm is analyzed using land-vehicle INS/DGPS data with induced DGPS outage periods. In addition
to the considerable navigation accuracy improvement obtained from each single method, the results showed that the combined
algorithm is better than both methods by more than 30%. 相似文献
9.
采用双系统组合定位模式,导航接收机能在同一时刻接收到超过20颗可见星,大大增加了可见星的数量,能提供十分精准的定位。但可见星数量大幅度增加带来定位精度提升的同时也带来了大量的计算量,加上实际作业中的一些问题,都大大增加了选星时间。本文从GDOP与星座几何布局的关系出发,结合实际应用场景,提出了基于仰角和方位角排序的选星算法。该方法以满足定位要求为前提,根据可见星仰角排序初筛卫星,对不同仰角卫星进行合理的顶星选择,以卫星均匀分布为原则,将在理想情况和实际情况下寻找有效定位平衡点,以规避无效选星并减少计算量,从而大大减少选星时间,有效实现了在北斗和GPS双模定位中的快速选星。 相似文献
10.
与全球定位系统（global positioning system,GPS）不同,北斗区域卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）采用了5颗地球静止轨道卫星、5颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和4颗中圆轨道卫星的混合星座,星座分布不均匀。特殊星座决定了不同纬度地区用户的可见卫星数量和观测几何结构存在明显差异,用户的导航定位性能存在明显的纬度效应。分别从理论模型和实际观测两个方面对不同纬度地区用户的可见卫星数目、观测几何结构和导航定位性能进行较全面分析,使用了多家厂商的接收机,在不同纬度地区进行了GPS、BDS以及两系统融合定位试验。结果表明,BDS定位性能存在明显的纬度效应,即定位精度随纬度升高而降低;GPS导航定位性能没有明显的纬度效应;BDS/GPS数据融合可以减弱纬度效应,提高导航定位服务的精度和可靠性。 相似文献
11.
随着北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）于2012年底正式提供亚太地区区域性服务,研究BDS与其他卫星导航系统的组合定位尤为重要。本文主要分析BDS与GPS、GLONASS组合精密单点定位（PPP）,统一了三类卫星的时间系统和空间系统,给出了PPP非差组合模型,利用九峰站全天观测数据进行实验,得到初步结论：组合定位系统能够减少单系统的收敛时间;组合定位系统的定位精度比单系统的定位精度高。 相似文献
12.
13.
GPS／IPS组合定位系统中的周跳检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）和惯性导航系统（ＩＮＳ）是目前世界上最先进的导航系统。将先进的导航技术应用于精密定位，是近２０年来大地测量发展的一个重要特点。本文概述了ＧＰＳ和ＩＰＳ（惯性定位系统）各自的优缺点；指出了研究ＧＰＳ／ＩＰＳ组合定位系统的必要性。提出了利用短时期ＩＰＳ的结果来发现和修复ＧＰＳ周跳的“比对法”。 相似文献
14.
Dah-Jing Jwo 《GPS Solutions》2004,8(3):160-169
The solution for the receivers position and clock bias using four or more GPS pseudorange measurements involves nonlinear quadratic equations. One of the popular techniques for linearizing the equations and solving them is the least squares (LS) scheme based on an iterative gradient approach. For real-time applications when the solution is to be obtained within a time of the order of 100 ns, a computer often cannot comply with the desired computation time, or high-end computers are too expensive. In this paper various ordinary differential equation formulation schemes, and corresponding circuits of neuron-like analog processors, will be described and several tested in order to ascertain their suitability for GPS navigation processing purposes. The circuits of simple neuron-like analog processors are employed essentially for on-line inversion of matrices, which is usually required for determining LS solutions, as well as dilution of precision (DOP) calculation in standard GPS receivers. Data from single epoch and kinematic positioning experiments will be simulated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The properties and performance of the proposed scheme will be assessed and compared to those of the conventional method of matrix inversion. 相似文献
15.
Removing attitude-related variations in the line-of-sight for kinematic GPS positioning 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Stavros A. Melachroinos Mayaba Tchalla Richard Biancale Yves Menard 《GPS Solutions》2011,15(3):275-285
We are presenting a method for removing attitude-related variations (ATTRVs) in dynamic 1 Hz GPS positioning. The ATTRVs are
separated into vertical and horizontal components. These result from the translational and rotational motions of the vehicle,
which is a marine research vessel in our case. We have developed new observation equations that use corrected pseudoranges
and carrier phases to account for ATTRVs. In the present contribution, we are only focusing on the vertical signals. These
modeled ATTRVs are included as corrections in the line-of-sight (LoS) to each GPS satellite in the RINEX data sets using a
new software called RNXATTCOR. Precise IGS sp3-orbits are used as inputs together with precise lever arm coordinates of the
onboard GPS antennas, observations from the marine inertial navigation system and a priori 3D position of the vessel. The
corrected RINEX data sets are then processed using kinematic processing or sequential processing in Precise Point Positioning
(PPP) mode. The reduction of the standard deviation from a running mean in the final processed GPS time series is about 95%.
The current method is being proposed for marine geodesy science applications such as along-track calibration/validation of
altimetry products, and also for applications related to offshore kinematic high precision GPS positioning such as drilling,
offshore platforms stability, marine pipeline positioning, earthquake monitoring and tsunami detection. 相似文献
16.
GPS-RTK作为全球定位系统(GPS)测量技术提高定位精度的一种方法得到了大力推广和广泛应用。现今,北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)已建成区域导航星座,并具备了导航定位服务能力,且已正式提供连续无源定位、导航、授时等服务。但由于BDS单星座定位存在一些不足,导致了定位精度偏低,因此多频多系统融合定位导航研究成为了一个技术新热点。文中通过介绍RTK技术,引入了GPS+BDS双系统下RTK的应用思路,并指出RTK技术在地理信息采集系统中的优势以及实际应用中应注意的问题,为类似工程应用提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
17.
Carrier phase multipath error characterization and reduction in single aircraft relative positioning
This paper describes GPS carrier phase (CP) multipath characterization and error reduction techniques and their application
in single aircraft relative positioning. In particular, the single aircraft relative positioning scenario has applications
for high-accuracy multi-sensor stabilization where CP multipath is a major error source that limits system performance. We
will briefly review the requisite multipath theory and discuss models for quantifying the error characteristics. Field-test
data will be used to validate the multipath models considering the underlying assumptions. A basic geometric reflection point
theory will be presented to demonstrate the physical environmental sensitivity of CP multipath to parameters such as surface
flatness and antenna height. Several different quantities will be described as multipath indicators for time-domain detection
and will be compared with a frequency-domain technique. A new multipath detection approach will be introduced that is suitable
to track multipath from time-varying reflection/diffraction points. Finally, the narrow-lane antenna baseline processing technique
will be presented as a real-time approach to mitigate CP noise and multipath errors that is well suited for a very short baseline
single aircraft high accuracy relative positioning system. Field-test results and analysis will be used to illustrate the
key concepts in this paper and to help characterize the total navigation system performance. 相似文献
18.
The detection of cycle slips in carrier-phase data, outliers in phase rate or in code ranges, or any other type of disorder
in the measurements of the GPS system, is one of the major quality-control problems that needs to be addressed, especially
where GPS is used for real-time applications or for those applications that require continuous and reliable positioning results.
This study is concerned with designing algorithms to detect failures or changes of small magnitude, in order to monitor and
control the quality of GPS measurements for critical real-time and/or deformation applications. In this regard, the statistical
technique known as the cumulative-sum test is described for the detection of abrupt changes in the GPS carrier-phase measurements.
Real GPS data have been used to test and evaluate the algorithm.
Received: 27 August 1996 / Accepted: 26 February 1997 相似文献
19.
20.
GPS技术在变形监测中的应用和发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球定位系统GPS(Global Positiming System),以能够提供连续、实时、无障碍和自动化服务,被广泛应用于导航、测量、勘探等诸多领域。尤其是在测量方面,改变了传统的测量格局,在变形体变形监测领域应用也日趋凸显,由于GPS借助卫星信号传输数据,在实际的监测中也存在一定的局限性。本文首先阐述了变形监测技术,监测数据处理的常规方法;其次介绍了GPS系统应用与变形监测中的优势与不足,并概述了GPS系统应用现状及发展趋势。 相似文献