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淡水帷幕防治海水入侵的数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在莱州湾引黄灌区，结合引黄灌溉营建地下水淡水帷幕，可以引起抬高地下水位，淡化水质和抑制域水入侵的作用。然而淡水帷幕形成的规律以及地下水回灌方案的选择，均是人们关注的问题。 相似文献
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关中城市群地下水自集中开采以来区域地下水位呈整体下降趋势,主要城市集中供水水源地水位降幅30~50 m,最大超过120 m。长期过量开采地下水引起了地下水位持续下降、地面沉降、地裂缝以及水质污染等环境地质问题。近年随着城市群限制开采量,地下水水位下降及其相关环境地质问题在局部地段有所缓和。本文以50年地下水动态监测数据为基础,针对关中城市群地下水动态特征及相关的环境地质问题进行研究分析,并对预防和缓解环境地质问题、合理开发地下水资源提出建议。 相似文献
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地下水位，水质是受多种（水文、气象、地貌、地质、水文地质条件和人为活动）因素影响，其原始数据列表象复杂，离乱，但它必须蕴含某种内在规律性。关键是选择适当方法去发掘和利用它。一切灰色序列都能通过某种生成弱化其随机性，显现其规律。建立ＧＭ（１．１）模型采用均值生成和序列算子，对哈尔滨市江南地区地下水位，水质预测，结果较其它方法预测结果更接近实际，精度更高。 相似文献
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关中城市群开采地下水有关环境地质问题
及其防治对策建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
关中城市群地下水自集中开采以来区域地下水位呈整体下降趋势,主要城市集中供水水源地水位降幅30~50 m,最大超过120 m。长期过量开采地下水引起了地下水位持续下降、地面沉降、地裂缝以及水质污染等环境地质问题。近年随着城市群限制开采量,地下水水位下降及其相关环境地质问题在局部地段有所缓和。本文以50年地下水动态监测数据为基础,针对关中城市群地下水动态特征及相关的环境地质问题进行研究分析,并对预防和缓解环境地质问题、合理开发地下水资源提出建议。 相似文献
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渭南市是一个新兴的工业城市，随着工农业生产的飞速发展，地下水开采量在逐年增加，市区内工业生产井过于集中，开采量大于补给量，引起地下水位持续下降；地下水水质受到污染等问题；与地下水开发有关的环境地质问题越来越引起人们的关注。 相似文献
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潮白河冲洪积扇中上游地区作为北京市最主要地表水和地下水供给区,在城市供水中的作用举足轻重。由于多年连续超采,地下水位持续下降,1999-2013年地下水位下降最大达45 m;应急水源地地区地下水硬度年均上升2.6%,密云十里堡地区地下水硬度和硝酸盐氮超标。通过分析潮白河冲洪积扇区域地下水开发利用、地下水位和水质变化情况以及地下水位变化对地下水水质的影响,认为：超量开采导致的地下水水位下降是引起该区域地下水水质恶化的主要原因之一,控制地下水超量开采和地表水污染,并利用南水北调的水进京之机回灌和停采以涵养地下水,是恢复区域水资源和水环境的良好途径。 相似文献
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安徽省淮北市区以开采地下岩溶裂隙水为供水水源。多年来在强开采条件下，已造成地下水位逐年连续下降，尤其在干旱年份更为严重。本文通过实际监测资料，揭示了因大量开采引发的地下水位下降、水质逐步恶化及存在的地质灾害隐患。对水质变化与开采强度及降水量相关的分析上，亦做了有益的尝试。 相似文献
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《地下水》2017,(4)
渭南市位于陕西省关中平原东部,为陕西省工农业重市。根据渭南市地下水位监测情况及地下水开发利用现状,收集该市近30 a地下水埋深及降雨量资料进行计算分析,按照地貌单元划分八个区域对地下水位变化特征进行具体分析,并对全市地下水位变化趋势进行研究,结果表明,渭南市地下水动态变化总体呈下降趋势。1985-2002年,由于开采量增大,地下水位呈缓慢下降趋势,年平均下降幅度为0.2 m。2003-2016年,地下水位基本平稳。通过对全市地下水位变化情况分析研究,为各级政府有关部门履行水资源管理、地质环境保护与地质灾害防治等职责提供技术支撑,防止因地下水超采或地下水位持续上升而引发生态环境问题。 相似文献
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通过对太原市兰村泉城内兰村、西张、枣沟三大水源地地下水开采量、水位、水质的分析，阐述了因地下水超采造成泉域内大范围的地下水位下降，部分地区形成地下水降落漏斗，从而导致水质污染、地面沉降等问题。进而提出了分质供水、优质优用的供水方式和做好人工回灌，限制地下水开采量等防范措施。 相似文献
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In 1980, the Arizona legislature passed the Groundwater Management Act (GMA), creating the active management areas (AMAs) to protect shared groundwater resources and to control severe overdrafts occurring in many parts of the state. With the 30-year anniversary of the GMA approaching, this article addresses the question: Have there been notable changes in the trends in observed groundwater levels in the AMAs from before enactment of the GMA until present? New tools developed for the US Geological Survey’s National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program are used to analyze and present trends in observed groundwater level data. Trends in groundwater levels in the AMAs were investigated for 10-year time periods from 1970 through 1999 and an 9-year period from 2000–2008. Results indicate that the number of wells with rising trends in water levels increased and the number of wells with falling trends in water levels decreased during the early decades after passage of the GMA in the most-populated Phoenix and heavily agricultural Pinal AMAs. However, these trends in water levels are reversed during the 1995–2004 time period. The value of trend analyses would be improved by consistent groundwater-level monitoring in both developed and undeveloped areas of the region. 相似文献
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Data for the Waimea Plains, New Zealand indicate that the lower confined groundwater aquifer is hydraulically homogeneous and that shallow groundwater levels inland are affected mostly by anthropogenic processes, while those near the coast are affected more by sea level variation. Analysis of long-term data for New Zealand indicates that sea level has increased continuously, but trends are not spatially uniform. Results from non-parametric trend analysis show that rising trends for groundwater levels are predominant in the shallow aquifer both inland on the Waimea Plains and, for recent years, near the coast, while decreasing trends are evident in the underlying confined aquifer near the coast. Groundwater level change in the shallow aquifer appears to be more affected by climate change than the lower confined aquifer. Correlation analysis indicated that groundwater levels are more affected by rainfall during the rainy season than the dry season and more influenced by rainfall inland than near the coast. Groundwater level declines in the lower confined aquifer near the coast, which has its major recharge area inland in the catchment, may be substantially affected by groundwater abstraction in inland areas as well as sea level variation, but there are little evidences of seawater intrusion. Meanwhile, groundwater recharge over the catchment area has great influence on rising groundwater levels in the shallow aquifer and its recharge is estimated to be 417.8 mm/year using chloride concentrations of precipitation and groundwater. 相似文献
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Storm water control in urban areas helps to conserve the natural water balance and to protect soil and groundwater from hazardous substances. This paper introduces the concept for a near-natural storm water control system, including an associated decision-making chart. In this concept, the quantitative aspects of storm water infiltration are checked first. All important factors and their parameters, which enable a judgement on the tolerance of rising groundwater levels, are identified and evaluated. If the predicted rise in groundwater level is considered tolerable, the qualitative aspects of storm water infiltration are then checked. Again, all important factors and their parameters, which enable a judgement on the hazards to the soil and groundwater, are identified and evaluated. The presented concept also includes recommendations and demonstrates alternative control systems. Urban planners and public authorities are regarded as potential users of this concept. 相似文献
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平原水库防渗膜下气胀现象产生机制现场试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对库盘铺膜平原水库的气胀现象产生机制进行了理论探讨和现场试验研究。分析指出围坝填筑、库水位快速下降及地下水位上升等因素是导致膜下产生气胀的主要原因。在德州大屯水库进行了现场试验,模拟了不同膜上荷重、不同地下水位上升幅度和速率等试验工况,对膜下地层不同埋深处孔隙压力和膜下气胀现象进行了观测,分析了各因素对膜下气胀变化规律影响。试验结果表明,地下水位快速上升能够引起膜下气胀压力加大,地下水位上升幅度影响膜下气胀压力的大小;不同地下水位上升速率对膜下气场影响较小,在膜上设置一定荷载可较好地防止膜顶托或胀破。 相似文献
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Peter G. Dahlhaus Timothy J. Evans Erica L. Nathan Jim W. Cox Craig T. Simmons 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(7):1611-1623
The connection between the removal of native vegetation, rising water tables and increasing stream salinity has been established for many catchments across Australia. However, the West Moorabool River in south west Victoria is an example of a catchment where there has been little discernable effect on groundwater levels following land clearing. Over the past 150 years, a significant portion of the catchment has been cleared of dense forest for agricultural development. Historic standing water-level records from 1870–1871 and 1881 are compared with contemporary measurements (1970s to 2007) recorded in the government bore databases. The data show that the earliest recorded groundwater levels are well within the seasonal range of values observed today. By integrating geology and hydrogeology with historical observations of groundwater levels, climate data and land use, the contemporary field observations of stream salinity are linked to the changed water use and shift in rainfall. In contrast to the normally accepted axiom, reafforestation as a management strategy to mitigate the rising salinity in the West Moorabool River catchment would seem inappropriate. 相似文献
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在分析随机因素对水位模拟结果影响程度的基础上建立地下水流随机模拟模型,可为地下水资源风险管理和决策提供重要依据。以浑河冲洪积扇地区为研究区,基于蒙特卡罗原理建立了区域地下水流随机预报模型,对压采条件下的地下水位上升进行风险预测和评价。参数灵敏度分析结果表明,地下水水位对含水层渗透系数的变化最敏感,其次是给水度,而对河床沉积物渗透系数和降雨入渗补给系数的灵敏性较差,且渗透系数和给水度在其率定值附近增加或减少时,灵敏度系数随之增加或减小。研究表明,压缩开采地下水资源能够有效缓解地下水水位下降带来的环境问题,地下水开采量以每年5%的速度压采时,区内地下水水位平均上涨3.3 m,但水位恢复的同时也可能诱发局部地下工程渗水,且地下建筑物的设计安全水位越低,渗水风险越大。 相似文献
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宝鸡市狄家坡滑坡稳定性研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
宝鸡市狄家坡斜坡是一个古滑坡。在调查滑坡区水文地质和工程地质条件的前提下, 本文描述了滑坡的形态与物质结构、滑坡表层的变形破坏特征及其影响因素, 探讨了古滑坡的发生机制。引用可以任意条分块体的Sarma方法, 研究了该滑坡在自然、地震、饱水和三者同时存在共四种状态下的稳定性, 并进行了斜坡表层黄土坡体的稳定性对于地下水位上升的敏感性分析。基本结论是, 狄家坡滑坡在整体上是稳定的, 其表层的黄土坡体在地下水位上升时会发生失稳破坏。最后, 提出了进行滑坡防治的工程对策。 相似文献
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A residual soil slope in Singapore that failed on two occasions, in 1989 and 1991, was reanalysed using two (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analyses. The geometry of the slope in 1989 differed from that in 1991. The 2D and 3D slope stability analyses on the slope that failed in 1989 showed that the average shear strength parameters of the residual soils are representative of the slope and the factors of safety obtained from 2D slope stability analyses are not necessarily more conservative than 3D slope stability analyses. The analyses also showed that the slope failed in 1989 due to rising groundwater table. The analyses of the slope in 1991 showed that the slope experienced shallow failure due to the high groundwater table. Analyses of the slope after lowering of groundwater table by horizontal drains showed that the factor of safety of the slope has improved tremendously. The differences in factors of safety for 2D and 3D slope stability analyses are greater for low groundwater table as compared with those for high groundwater table. The results illustrated how 3D slope stability analyses have become less daunting to perform and can be incorporated into routine slope designs. 相似文献