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1.
中国北方地区地下水大量超采，地下水位大幅度下降，已引起地面下沉，海水入侵、水质污染等严重水环境问题。缓解地下水资源危机的有效途径是：１）加强地下水资源的管理，依法管水，制订水的长期供求计划；２）合理调控利用当地水资源，地上水、地下水联合运用，开发微咸水灌溉；３）节约用水，包括农业节水灌溉和工业水重复利用；４）跨流域调水补源，即引黄、引江，实施南水北调。 相似文献
2.
降雨对滑坡的作用机理及动态模拟研究 总被引：61，自引：1，他引：61
从动态分析和数值模拟两方面讨论了滑坡过程中的地下水作用机理和地下水动力场的时空分布问题，建立了二维极限平衡状态下的临界水位高度模型和描述滑坡剖面二维不稳定流动问题的动力学模型；以临界水位高度模型对重庆土台镇滑坡稳定性分析的研究结果表明，该滑坡的防治措施宜首先考虑地表水防渗和地下排水方案，在滑坡位移监测的同时更应考虑位移、降雨量、地下水动态三者的结合；采用数值模型计算了长江三峡库区鸡扒子滑坡因降雨入渗而引起的地下水动力场的时空分布，研究结果表明，地下水水位和流速场的时空演化过程与滑坡发生的时空特点基本吻合，当降雨达到46h时，滑坡体中地下水流向与滑动面倾向基本一致，尤其是在滑体底部出现潜水流，此时的地下水流动对滑坡稳定性最为不利。 相似文献
3.
成都地铁环境工程地质评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
成都地铁一期工程全长14.975km，埋深1－14m。隧道围岩为饱水的Q3＋Q4砂卵砾石层，物理力学特性总体较好。地下水主要为孔隙潜水，埋深3－5m；含水层厚度8－27m，渗透系数15－40m/d。地铁建设可能诱发的环境地质问题有：疏干引发的地面沉降及建筑物破坏；隧道结构引起的雍水及其对中、低层建筑物安全的影响等。初步研究表明，疏干排水的影响宽度一般为300－600m；根据抽取的地下水类型、含水介质的构成、结构特征及既有高层建筑的疏干降水实录等综合分析，疏干排水诱发显著地面沉降并危及建筑物安全的可能性较小。由于部分路段隧道走向与地下水流向正交或大角度相交，地下水过水断面大幅度减小，可能引起部分路段雍水，但通过地下水渗流场的自身调整并采取适当措施，不致产生大范围的壅水。 相似文献
4.
新疆地下水资源合理开发利用与保护措施 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文通过对新疆区域水文地质条件，地下水资源量，可开采量的分析，阐述了地下水开发利用现状及地下水开发引起的生态环境问题，指出了地下水开发利用存在的主要问题与开发利用前景，提出了新疆地下水资源开发与保护的对策。 相似文献
5.
城市环境岩土工程的地下水灾害问题 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
随着城市建设的发展，人类在域市的岩土工程活动越来越频繁，由此产生一系列环境岩土工程问题。其中，由人类的工程活动引发的地下水灾害问题日趋显著，已经引起国内外专家的高度重视。地面沉降范围不断扩展，地下水永喷逐年下降，是当前城市环境岩土工程中日益突出的地下水灾害中最广泛、最严重的两大问题。它们已严重威胁着域市的可持续发展及居民的正常生活。文章概述了地面沉降及地下水水质污染现状，对抽汲地下水引起的地面沉降、建设工程性地面沉降的机理以及城市建设中可能引起的地下水点污染问题等进行了分析，针对地面沉降和地下水污染提出了相应的预防与治理措施，以实现地下水资源的可持续利用，保证城市经济及社会的可持续发展。 相似文献
6.
乐美煜 《水文地质工程地质》1994,21(5):44-46
过量开采地下水引起的日益严重的环境地质问题，已被人们广泛重视．造成过量开采地下水的原因很多，本文仅从地下水资源计算和评价中存在的一些问题，提出讨论，以求提高地下水资源的评价精度，为地下水的合理开发利用提供较可靠的允许开采量。 相似文献
7.
中国西北内陆干旱盆地地下水资源评估与开发 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
邵新民 《水文地质工程地质》2002,29(3):20-23
以多年的地下水勘查经验、成果为基础，总结西北内陆干旱盆地地下水资源评估与开发中的主要问题，分析了产生这些问题的客观和主观原因；认为地下水动态监测和水运行测量统计是实现逐步逼近地下水资源量的最有效方法；提出了开发地下水库，实施地表水、地下水联合调度，稳定供水，是西北内陆干旱盆地水资源开发的最佳模式。 相似文献
8.
黑龙江省矿业的开发对地下水系统的影响与破坏 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑龙江省矿产资源丰富。在矿产开发的过程中，出现了很多环境地质问题，对地下水环境污染系统产生了重大的影响。本文统计了黑龙江省矿区地下水的开采量；分析了地下水补排的变化；详细阐明了地下水动态的改变；论述了矿业开发对地下水含水层的破坏。 相似文献
9.
本文论述了水体污染、矿山环境地质灾害、地下水环境异常、南四湖淤积、地球化学环境与地方病等环境地质问题，探讨了煤炭开采对南四湖湖容演变的积极影响。湖体及主要人湖河流污染严重；流域内煤炭资源开发引起的矿山环境地质灾害比较严重，地面塌陷面积达112．395km^2；各种固体废弃物积存总量6412．68万t；矿井排水对矿区地下水资源造成严重破坏。地方病以地氟病和克山病为主。在对流域内环境地质问题综合分析的基础上，提出了对流域环境地质问题的治理措施。 相似文献
10.
《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(2):62-62
全国地下水资源及其环境问题调查评价，将继续深化以盆地和平原为单元的地下水资源及其环境问题调查评价，初步建立我国重要平原、盆地地下水动态评价体系；完成鄂尔多斯盆地能源基地地下水勘查。 相似文献
11.
根据北京通州地区甘棠乡水源地多年监测的数据，所建立的水资源管理模型，经过近10a的运营，在管理方案的指导下，逐步实行农业喷灌措施，节水约525×10 相似文献
12.
Saumya Singh A. B. Samaddar R. K. Srivastava H. K. Pandey 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,83(3):295-302
Water consumption is likely to increase substantially in the future on account of rising population, economic growth, and social development. Rapid urbanization and population growth of Allahabad city, has necessitated thinking about the declination in ground water level as well as supply of sufficient quantity of water for future either for drinking purpose or industrial use. In the present study, rainfall recharge of Allahabad city has been computed on GIS platform (ArcInfo). Groundwater recharge potential zones of Allahabad city have also been found out using GIS. Case study of recharge of ground water through roof top rainwater harvesting at Vikas Bhawan (a multistoryed building), Allahabad is discussed. An implementation of this analysis and decision making software is expected to work for sustainable water management. 相似文献
13.
工业废水和城市生活污水的大量排放,已使安帮河的水质恶化.水质监测结果表明,安帮河水为严得污染水,并已危害地下水水源地,而且还有进一步发展的趋势.因此文中指出,治理安帮河污染已是刻不容缓,否则双鸭山市将成为缺水城市. 相似文献
14.
基于水资源承载能力概念和通辽市水资源利用基本情况,构建了水资源可承载能力评价的递阶层次指标体系.结合可变模糊集理论,建立了通辽市多层次水资源承载能力可变模糊评价模型,并对通辽市各行政区现状年和规划年的水资源承载能力进行评价.结果表明,通辽市水资源承载能力全区均较弱,产业结构不合理和水资源重复利用率低是造成水资源承载能力低的主要因素.对2020规划年的评价结果显示,节水条件下通辽市水资源承载能力有所改善,但基本仍较弱,需通过合理调整产业结构、提高水资源利用率等来提高水资源承载能力. 相似文献
15.
地下水作用为平邑县工业生产、城镇居民生活及农村人畜用水的主要供水水源，其开发利用十分重要。通过研究地下水资源的分布特征及开发利用条件，分析用水现状和开采水平，提出存在的问题，探讨合理开发利用地下水资源的布局及角决水资源供需矛盾的对策，以保证地下水资源的合理、有效、持续利用，使其发挥更大的效益。 相似文献
16.
定西市城市供水主要依赖于西部的内官—香泉盆地地下水。本文从定西市城市供水水源地水文地质特征和地下水动态分析入手,指出由于长期的超量开采导致地下水位急剧下降,地下水资源面临枯竭的局面。如何有效的利用地下水资源,以满足定西市城市经济的可持续发展已成为十分紧迫问题。除了采取节水措施,提高水资源的利用率外．跨流域调水是中远期解决定西城市供水的唯一解决途径。 相似文献
17.
Access to water resources is one of the major challenges being faced worldwide. Water scarcity, particularly groundwater resource, is the major ubiquitous concern for the country. Almost half of the country is reeling under severe ground water crisis due to anthropogenic and natural reasons (basalt rock surface). Agra region situated in the western part of Uttar Pradesh state of India has a semi-arid climate. The study area, which has a history of water scarcity since medieval ages, has seen a spurt of acute water shortage in recent times owing to the expansion of a very dense built-up area and excessive haulage accompanied by decline in rainfall. A study was under taken for identifying the trends in pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels for Agra city, Uttar Pradesh. Pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater depth data of 16 observation wells for the 2007–2016 period were collected and analyzed using ARC GIS 10.2 software. The rainfall trend during the study period was also studied to understand its role in groundwater fluctuation level. Statistical tests like Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator, and linear regression model were applied to understand the trend and rate of change in groundwater level. The land use/land cover map of the study area was integrated with groundwater map to have a primary understanding of the spatial trend of groundwater scenario of the study area. The result obtained is quite alarming for the city’s groundwater scenario. Results showed that the groundwater levels had significantly declined during 2007–2016. Average rates of water level decline were 0.228 and 0.267 m/year during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. There was a rapid decline in water level between 2008 and 2009 and between 2013 and 2014. The average rate of decline of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater level in the city during this period is 0.32 and 0.30 m/year, respectively. Significant decrease in groundwater level is found in 84.21% of wells for pre- and post-monsoon as obtained through Mann-Kendall analysis at 95% confidence level. During pre-monsoon season, the rate of decline according to Sen’s slope estimator varied between 0.74 and 2.05 m/year. Almost similar picture of decline is portrayed through linear regression slope wherein the computed rate of decline varied between 0.75 and 2.05 m/year. During post-monsoon, the rate of decline according to Sen’s slope varied between 0.13 and 1.94 m/year. Similar trend statistic is obtained through linear regression method where the declining rate is between 0.14 and 1.91 m/year. Comparison of the three statistical tests indicates similar nature of declining trend. The result of this research raises concern about the future of groundwater resources in Agra city. The findings of this study will assist planners and decision-makers in developing better land use and water resource management. 相似文献
18.
Rachmat Fajar Lubis Makoto Yamano Robert Delinom Sudaryanto Martosuparno Yasuo Sakura Shusaku Goto Akinobu Miyakoshi Makoto Taniguchi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2033-2038
Urbanization has become one of the domain processes for city development in Indonesia. The results of the extremely high densities of fast growing population have led to negative subsurface environmental impact. Jakarta, as one of the rapidly developed and urbanized cities in Southeast Asia, has become one of the interesting urbanization city to analyze its effects. In Jakarta, the use of groundwater has greatly accelerated conforming to the rise in its population and the development of the industrial sector, which consume a relatively large amount of water. The increase of groundwater exploitation in Jakarta city has already caused a negative impact on these resources. Therefore, an assessment of groundwater trends in the urban area, including their hazard and risk management, is a necessary action. This paper describes the assessment of urban groundwater loading caused by human concentration in Jakarta city. Subsurface heat contamination under the condition of surface warming shows significant effects of urban groundwater loading during the past century in Jakarta city. 相似文献
19.
简要论述丰县县城的水文地质条件；对丰县县城规划区主要供水源深层孔隙水的开采作了动态分析；建立了地下水位灰色预测模型并预测了２０００年的水位及水位变化区间。 相似文献
20.
Kerman city has a semiarid-arid climate with an average annual precipitation of about 158 mm. The area is underlain by soluble subsoil and alluvial deposits, overlying highly fractured Cretaceous limestones. Geo-environmental studies indicate that both paleokarst and active karst features are developed in the area. The paleokarsts were developed in the Upper Cretaceous limestone during the cold, humid periods of Post Cretaceous and probably Early Quaternary time and include honeycombs, solution flutes, rillenkarren, caverns, and solution collapse dolines. Active karst landforms occur by combined piping-induced and limestone solution at depth in subsoils, and alluvial deposits and bajada that overly potent karstic limestones and cover subsidence sinkholes and subjacent alluvial karst collapse dolines. Many factors, such as soluble compounds (salt and gypsum), desiccation cracks, and Qanat (dug water wells), could contribute to the development of karstic landforms. The most immediate cause for active karst landforms is considered to be the drawdown of the water table in the area. There is an increasing demand for groundwater consumption to irrigate pistachio fields. Excessive pumping of the groundwater lowers the water table about 80 cm per year. This rate of drawdown accelerates land subsidence (about 6 cm per year), creates circular patterns of fractures in the ground and in buildings, disrupts agricultural work and urbanization projects, and tilts foundations. These geohazards indicate that ground sinking and karstification are in progress in the alluvial deposits and underlying limestones. The disturbance and expense caused by the geohazards could be mitigated by the application of overhead sprinkler irrigation for pistachio fields or by planting less thirsty plants. 相似文献