共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 134 毫秒
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山东南四湖（南阳湖、独山湖、昭阳湖、微山湖四个湖泊的总称）流域东部，已经形成了兖州、济宁、枣腾等煤炭开采区。煤炭开采是南四湖流域环境地质问题中的重要影响因素。煤矿开采后的土地塌陷，不仅改变了矿区地形地貌，也改变了地表水与地下水的相互作用方式，加速了地下水的污染。矿区煤矸石堆放及煤炭运输过程中粉尘污染也极大地恶化了南四湖流域的空气质量。煤层伴生的有害元素的迁移也对矿区土壤和地表、地下水造成一定程度污染。 相似文献
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南四湖流域许多地段浅层地下水中氟含量明显超出国家标准,最高含量达16．4mg／L,地方性氟中毒病分布范围广．为流域内主要的环境地质问题。从自然地理环境、地质环境、水文地质条件、水文地球化学环境等方面对地氟病成因进行了分析研究,认为湖东泰沂隆起区出露的岩浆岩和各类变质岩提供了丰富的氟源．岩石中的氟矿物通过表面扩散的反应动力学机制向地下水中传递,氟元素则通过对氟矿物的溶解和溶滤进入地下水中。南黄河冲洪积、湖积作用形成的粘土、亚粘土和粉细砂为主的含水层,氟的含量较高,其氟矿物以云母为主,粘性土巾有大量吸附性氟。地下水的垂向与侧向补给条件差,交替滞缓,氟存水中的集聚作用以蒸发浓缩为主,有利于氟元素富集。 相似文献
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德州市地质灾害与环境地质问题主要有地下水降薄漏斗、地面沉降、地面塌陷、地下水污染和地方病等,其发育除受地质、水文地质条件制约外,还与人为因素有关。本文对地质灾害的分布、危害程度和致灾因素做了分析,并提出了相应的防治对策。 相似文献
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阐述狮子山矿区地下水资源开发利用现状以及地下水开发引起的环境地质问题,特别是岩溶塌陷地质灾害情况。研究认为矿山抽排地下水破坏周边地下水环境,改变区域地下水流场,成为了区内岩溶塌陷主要诱因之一。针对矿区内主要矿山、岩溶塌陷区分布位置以及现有水文井孔分布情况,初步提出狮子山矿区地下水位动态监测网建设设想,为矿区岩溶塌陷地质灾害监测预警及水资源管理部门提供参考。 相似文献
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安徽省矿山地质环境现状与发展趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安徽省矿产资源丰富,煤、铁、铜、硫铁矿、石灰石、石膏矿等6种矿产构成资源主体;开发利用程度较高,也诱发了一系列的矿山地质灾害、矿业开发对土地资源、地下水资源的影响与破坏、废水废渣污染等矿山地质环境问题.本文根据调查资料,对矿山地质环境现状及其发展趋势进行了分析,并提出了矿山地质环境保护及治理对策. 相似文献
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陕西矿产资源丰富,随着国家对矿产资源需求量的增加,对矿产资的开发力度增强,对地质环境的改变愈随之增强,引发的矿山地质环境问题日益突出。通过调查分析认为：陕西主要矿山地质环境问题为矿业开发引发地质灾害、矿区土地资源占用与破坏、矿区地下水系统的影响与破坏、矿区环境污染,且危害较严重。陕南、关中、陕北及不同矿产资源开采区的矿山地质环境问题各异;矿山地质环境问题是矿业活动对地质环境破坏影响形成的结果。提出陕西矿山地质环境问题应采取从源头上预防、落实矿山地质环境恢复治理各项制度、建立健全矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理长效机制、提高矿山地质环境问题预防和治理科技水平等防治措施综合防治。 相似文献
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昆明岩溶断陷盆地的环境地质问题及治理对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
昆明岩溶断陷盆地处于长江、红河、珠江三大水系分水岭地带,面积2920km^2。随着昆明城市建设的快速发展,滇池地区的自然环境受到极大影响。最为严重的是滇池及地下水污染,在脆弱的地质环境条件下,加之人类不合理的工程活动,地下水位持续下降、岩溶塌陷、地面沉降以及石漠化、山地灾害等一系列环境地质问题日愈加剧,严重制约了当地社会经济的持续发展。本文通过研究昆明岩溶断陷盆地地质环境条件及各种环境地质问题产生的原因及形成机理,为城市规划、建设、管理提供可靠的地质环境信息,从而提出环境地质问题治理对策,对于昆明市的科学发展有着重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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Investigating hydraulic connections and the origin of water in a mine tunnel using stable isotopes and hydrographs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Turquoise Lake is a water-supply reservoir located north of the historic Sugarloaf Mining district near Leadville, Colorado, USA. Elevated water levels in the reservoir may increase flow of low-quality water from abandoned mine tunnels in the Sugarloaf District and degrade water quality downstream. The objective of this study was to understand the sources of water to Dinero mine drainage tunnel and evaluate whether or not there was a direct hydrologic connection between Dinero mine tunnel and Turquoise Lake from late 2002 to early 2008. This study utilized hydrograph data from nearby draining mine tunnels and the lake, and stable isotope (δ18O and δ2H) data from the lake, nearby draining mine tunnels, imported water, and springs to characterize water sources in the study area. Hydrograph results indicate that flow from the Dinero mine tunnel decreased 26% (2006) and 10% (2007) when lake elevation (above mean sea level) decreased below approximately 3004 m (approximately 9855 feet). Results of isotope analysis delineated two meteoric water lines in the study area. One line characterizes surface water and water imported to the study area from the western side of the Continental Divide. The other line characterizes groundwater including draining mine tunnels, springs, and seeps. Isotope mixing calculations indicate that water from Turquoise Lake or seasonal groundwater recharge from snowmelt represents approximately 10% or less of the water in Dinero mine tunnel. However, most of the water in Dinero mine tunnel is from deep groundwater having minimal isotopic variation. The asymmetric shape of the Dinero mine tunnel hydrograph may indicate that a limited mine pool exists behind a collapse in the tunnel and attenutates seasonal recharge. Alternatively, a conceptual model is presented (and supported with MODFLOW simulations) that is consistent with current and previous data collected in the study area, and illustrates how fluctuating lake levels change the local water-table elevation which can affect discharge from the Dinero mine tunnel without physical transfer of water between the two locations. 相似文献
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As hydrogeological conditions of coal field in North China are complicated, coal mine water hazards have been occurring frequently.
Nearly 80% of coal mines are affected by Ordovician and Permo-Carboniferous Karst water. According to rough statistics, 200
incidents of water inrush have occurred since 1950, 1,500 persons have died, and there is an economic loss of 3 billion Yuan
(RMB). The climate of North China belongs to drought or semi-drought zone. So the recharge amount of ground water by infiltration
of precipitation is limited. Stronger coal mine water drainage has brought a series of environmental problems, such as water
resource and lots of famous Karst springs exhausted, surface collapse emerged, mine water contaminated. Coal mine water hazards
are so serious that the economic benefit of coal mines is dropping. Sustainable development of coal mines is affected. So,
preventing coal mine water hazards and protecting geological environment are essential. This thesis focuses on preventing
coal mine water hazards technologies. The technologies include four aspects: exploration of hydrogeological conditions; prediction
and forecast of water inrush; mining under safe water pressure; and sealing off groundwater by grouting. 相似文献
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Mechanism of the water invasion of Gaoyang Iron Mine,China and its impacts on the mine groundwater environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With the development of mining of iron deposits in China, groundwater invasion and the impacts of groundwater drainage, such
as regional groundwater table lowering, overlapping cones of depression, subsidence, and water quality deterioration are environmental
problems which endanger mining production and human life. Effective prevention of water invasion or timely determination of
the mechanism of water bursting and rational design of drainage plans are the most urgent mining challenges. The mechanism
of water invasion and the environment impacts on the groundwater system of the Gaoyang Iron Mine, China were dealt with in
this paper. A systematical investigation of the hydrogeological conditions and monitoring of groundwater dynamics of the mine
were completed. Results show that the limestone of the middle Ordovician System constitutes the under floor of the iron deposit.
This limestone is the main source of water invasion into the mine. Groundwater dynamic equilibrium conditions are broken due
to mine drainage. Water invasion and drainage have caused a serious impact on the groundwater environment of the area. 相似文献
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Shyhrete Shala Karin F. Helmens Krister N. Jansson Malin E. Kylander Jan Risberg Ludvig Löwemark 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(2):362-376
The development of a glacial lake impounded along the retreating, northeastern ice margin of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation and environmental conditions directly following the early Holocene deglaciation have been studied in NE Finland. This so‐called Sokli Ice Lake has been reconstructed previously using topographic and geomorphologic evidence. In this paper a multiproxy approach is employed to study a 3‐m‐thick sediment succession consisting of laminated silts grading into gyttja cored in Lake Loitsana, a remnant of the Sokli Ice Lake. Variations in the sediment and siliceous microfossil records indicate distinct changes in water depth and lake size in the Loitsana basin as the Sokli Ice Lake was drained through various spillways opening up along the retreating ice front. Geochemical data (XRF core‐scanning) show changes in the influence of regional catchment geochemistry (Precambrian crystalline rocks) in the glacial lake drainage area versus local catchment geochemistry (Sokli Carbonatite Massif) within the Lake Loitsana drainage area during the lake evolution. Principal component analysis on the geochemical data further suggests that grain‐size is an additional factor responsible for the variability of the sediment geochemistry record. The trophic state of the lake changed drastically as a result of morphometric eutrophication once the glacial lake developed into Lake Loitsana. The AMS radiocarbon dating on tree birch seeds found in the glaciolacustrine sediment indicates that Lake Loitsana was deglaciated sometime prior to 10 700 cal. a BP showing that tree Betula was present on the deglaciated land surrounding the glacial lake. Although glacial lakes covered large areas of northern Finland during the last deglaciation, only few glaciolacustrine sediment successions have been studied in any detail. Our study shows the potential of these sediments for multiproxy analysis and contributes to the reconstruction of environmental conditions in NE Finland directly following deglaciation in the early Holocene. 相似文献
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大面积采动矿区水环境灾害特征及防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿山采动前后,相应伴生水系调整和水体污染,产生水环境灾害。以阜新新邱矿区为研究对象,在对环境地质情况调查分析基础上,主要从水资源流失、废旧地下采场和露天矿坑积水、矿区地表和地下水质污染等方面探讨了矿区水环境灾害的形成及特征。大面积的开采,造成矿区水资源流失严重,矿山停采后,地下水位逐渐恢复;废旧地下采场和露天矿坑形成的积水,在入渗过程中,通过运移累积、吸附转化、溶解解析和离子交换等水岩作用对地下水产生污染;矿区矿井抽排水和河流水质污染物不同程度超标。针对矿山水环境灾害,建议采用矿山地质环境治理、修建防排水及净水设施、水环境监测等手段进行防治,以使矿区环境得到根本改善。 相似文献